The Politics of the Eisenhower Era APUSH Essential

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The Politics of the Eisenhower Era APUSH Essential Question: In what way was Dwight

The Politics of the Eisenhower Era APUSH Essential Question: In what way was Dwight Eisenhower's foreign policy different than that of Harry Truman?

Election of 1952 Republicans? • Dwight Eisenhower Running Mate? Democrats? • Adlai Stevenson Who

Election of 1952 Republicans? • Dwight Eisenhower Running Mate? Democrats? • Adlai Stevenson Who did most of the campaigning for Eisenhower? Significance of the “Checkers Speech”? p. 887

Election of 1952

Election of 1952

Joseph Mc. Carthy p. 898 • Republican Senator from Wisconsin • Needed a “winning”

Joseph Mc. Carthy p. 898 • Republican Senator from Wisconsin • Needed a “winning” issue to be reelected in 1952 Spirit p. 441 • Claimed 205 communists worked for gov’t, never produced one name • In 1954 Mc. Carthy accused the U. S. Army of sympathizing with communists • What is Mc. Carthyism? What tactics did Mc. Carthy use to increase his power? Eventually censured for “improper" behavior & removed from the Senate

Sputnik I • Launched by the Soviets in 1957 • First man-made object to

Sputnik I • Launched by the Soviets in 1957 • First man-made object to orbit the Earth • Traveled around the globe once every 96 minutes • What was the American reaction to Sputnik?

Eisenhower’s Foreign Policy

Eisenhower’s Foreign Policy

Truman vs. Eisenhower “Containment” [George Kennan] 1. Marshall Plan 2. Truman Doctrine 3. Berlin

Truman vs. Eisenhower “Containment” [George Kennan] 1. Marshall Plan 2. Truman Doctrine 3. Berlin Airlift 4. NATO 5. NSC #68 p. 878 6. Korean War “Brinksmanship” [John Foster Dulles] 1. Mutual security agreements. 2. Massive retaliation. 3. M. A. D. Mutual Assured Destruction 4. “Domino Theory” 5. CIA & covert operations 6. Eisenhower Doctrine 7. “Open Skies” Spirit p. 440

Foreign Policy “Hot Spots” Nikita Khrushchev takes control of the U. S. S. R

Foreign Policy “Hot Spots” Nikita Khrushchev takes control of the U. S. S. R in 1953 EUROPE: 1. 1955 Warsaw Pact created. 2. 1956 Hungarian Revolution. p. 898 3. 1958 Berlin Crisis. 4. 1959 Nixon-Khrushchev “Kitchen Debate. ” 5. 1960 U-2 Spy Incident p. 902

1959 Nixon-Khrushchev “Kitchen Debate” Cold War -----> Tensions <----- Technology & Affluence

1959 Nixon-Khrushchev “Kitchen Debate” Cold War -----> Tensions <----- Technology & Affluence

Warsaw Pact • Formed by the Soviet Union and their E. European satellites when

Warsaw Pact • Formed by the Soviet Union and their E. European satellites when W. Germany rearms and joins NATO. • Warsaw Pact is an alliance just like NATO

The U-2 Incident • After rejection of open skies, the CIA begins to make

The U-2 Incident • After rejection of open skies, the CIA begins to make secret high altitude flights over U. S. S. R. to spot ICBM • Soviets shoot down plane • U. S. denies involvement, later admits truth

Foreign Policy “Hot Spots” Middle East: 1. 1953 CIA sponsored coup in Iran p.

Foreign Policy “Hot Spots” Middle East: 1. 1953 CIA sponsored coup in Iran p. 898 § P. M. Mohammed Mossadegh nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. . § Goal: keep the P. M. from getting help($) from Soviets. CIA installs the Shah as new leader of Iran. 2. 1956 Suez Crisis. P. 899 3. 1958 Civil War in Lebanon 4. 1960 OPEC formed

Eisenhower Doctrine • What event leads to the Eisenhower Doctrine? Soviet support of Egypt

Eisenhower Doctrine • What event leads to the Eisenhower Doctrine? Soviet support of Egypt during the Suez Crisis • To balance out rising Soviet influence the U. S. issues the Eisenhower Doctrine in 1957. • Eisenhower Doctrine: The U. S. will defend the Middle East from attack by any Communist country. • President has the authority to use armed forces at his discretion to combat communist aggression.

Foreign Policy “Hot Spots” Latin America: 1. 1948 O. A. S. [Organization of American

Foreign Policy “Hot Spots” Latin America: 1. 1948 O. A. S. [Organization of American States] was created during Truman’s administration. 2. 1954 CIA covert ops. in Guatemala. CIA appoints new dictator sympathetic to the U. S. 3. 1950 s Puerto Rican independence movement. 4. 1959 Castro’s Communist Revolution in Cuba.

Foreign Policy “Hot Spots” Far East: 1. 1953 end of the Korean War. 2.

Foreign Policy “Hot Spots” Far East: 1. 1953 end of the Korean War. 2. 1954 French depart Indo-China. § Geneva Accords 3. 1964 China explodes its first atomic bomb [during LBJ’s administration].

Election of 1960 Republicans? • Richard Nixon Democrats? • John F. Kennedy Main differences

Election of 1960 Republicans? • Richard Nixon Democrats? • John F. Kennedy Main differences between JFK & Nixon? Significance of television on the campaign?

Election of 1960 The closest presidential election until? 2000

Election of 1960 The closest presidential election until? 2000