HOW DO CIVILIZATIONS DEVELOP HOW DID WE GET

HOW DO CIVILIZATIONS DEVELOP?

HOW DID WE GET FROM THIS…

…TO THIS!

LET’S GO BACK TO THE BEGINNING…

MAN IS A “TOOL MAKING” ANIMAL

OBSIDIAN ARROW HEAD

THE “ATL-ATL” IN ACTION

IT ALL STARTED WITH THE “BAND”…

Bands are an extended Family…

…or several related extended families

Bands are made up of 5 to 80 people, most or all of them close relatives

All humans lived in bands until at least 40, 000 years ago

Bands are nomadic hunter-gatherers

THE HUNTERS MUST WORK AS A TEAM TO SURVIVE

A FLINT “KNAPPER” AT WORK THIS IS AN EARLY EXAMPLE OF WORK SPECIALIZATION

Bands have no laws, police or treaties to resolve conflicts

Bands have no formal or hereditary leadership

Leadership Is informal and by skill level

Today bands are still living in only the remotest parts of New Guinea and Amazonia

Clans

CLANS ARE SIMILAR TO “BANDS” IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS:

CLANS ARE SIMILAR TO “BANDS” IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS: • CLANS ARE ALSO MADE UP OF EXTENDED FAMILIES, OR “TRIBES”

CLANS ARE SIMILAR TO “BANDS” IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS: CLANS ARE ALSO MADE UP OF EXTENDED FAMILIES, OR “Tribes” • • • IN CLANS YOU WOULD ALSO KNOW EVERYONE BY NAME AND RELATIONSHIP CLANS ALSO SETTLE CONFLICTS WITH THE HELP OF RELATIVES AND KIN

CLANS ARE SIMILAR TO “BANDS” IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS: CLANS ARE ALSO MADE UP OF EXTENDED FAMILIES, OR “TRIBES” • • IN CLANS YOU WOULD ALSO KNOW EVERYONE BY NAME AND RELATIONSHIP CLANS ALSO SETTLE CONFLICTS WITH THE HELP OF RELATIVES AND KIN AS IN A “BAND”… CLAN LEADERSHIP IS NOT INHERITED AND LEADERS ARE CHOSEN BY MERIT AND SKILL

CLANS ARE DIFFERENT FROM “BANDS” IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS:

CLANS ARE DIFFERENT FROM “BANDS” IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS: • CLANS ARE LARGER THAN BANDS – SEVERAL HUNDRED PEOPLE INSTEAD OF SEVERAL DOZEN PEOPLE

CLANS ARE DIFFERENT FROM “BANDS” IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS: • • CLANS ARE LARGER THAN BANDS – SEVERAL HUNDRED PEOPLE INSTEAD OF SEVERAL DOZEN PEOPLE THIS SCHOOL IS ABOUT THE RIGHT SIZE FOR A CLAN

CLANS ARE DIFFERENT FROM “BANDS” IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS: • • • CLANS ARE LARGER THAN BANDS – SEVERAL HUNDRED PEOPLE INSTEAD OF SEVERAL DOZEN PEOPLE THIS SCHOOL IS ABOUT THE RIGHT SIZE FOR A TRIBE CLANS HAVE A FIXED SETTLEMENT – CLANS LIVE IN A VILLAGE, OR CLUSTER OF VILLAGES

Decision-making in a CLAN is usually By a group of elders Decision-making is Usually by consensus (meaning all come to An agreement)

Leaders dress the same and live in the same dwellings as anyone else

If there is a “bigman”, it is not a formal office and it is not inherited

In a CLAN no one is richer than anyone else. . . ITS ALL ABOUT HONOR! The economy is based on exchanges between people. . and MOST IMPORTANTLY. . A CLAN IS THE DEFAULT GOVERNMENT FOR HUMANS!

A Clan's biggest fear. . . ? Conflict or Feud! “BLOOD FEUD” • This can, will, and has destroyed many Clans!

To Review the Story. . . Humans live in small bands hunting and gathering More people, more ideas, more technology, create CLANS The development of language leads to more complex tools People specialize, domesticate plants and animals. Surplus! Complex tools help us live in larger more diverse groups. And, helped us spread out. Surplus (extra) food and time eventually lead to villages and large groups of humans. . CIVILIZ ATION?

THE TAOS PUEBLO

TRIBAL LEADERS JUMPING ROPE TAOS PUEBLO KOSHARE

THE TAOS PUEBLO POLE CLIMB

To live in a settlement (or village), you need food production or very concentrated resources in a small area

Clans or Tribes began to emerge about 13, 000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent.