World Civilizations The Global Experience AP Sixth Edition

World Civilizations The Global Experience AP* Sixth Edition Chapter 9 Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Civilization in Eastern Europe : Byzantium and Orthodox Europe I. Civilization in Eastern Europe II. The Byzantine Empire III. The Split Between Eastern and Western Christianity IV. The Spread of Civilization in Eastern Europe V. The Emergence of Kievan Rus World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Byzantine Empire • The Power of the Byzantine Empire – Emperor Constantine § 4 th century C. E. , Constantinople § Empire divided • Capitals at Rome and Constantinople § Greek language official from 6 th century World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Byzantine Empire under Justinian World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Justinian's Achievements • Justinian – Attempts reconquest of Italy – Slavs, Persians attack from east – Building projects § Hagia Sophia – Legal codification World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Arab Pressure and the Empire's Defenses • Center of empire shifts to east • Constant external threats – Arab Muslims – Bulgars § Defeated by Basil II, 11 th century World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Byzantine Society and Politics • Emperors resemble Chinese rulers – Court ritual – Head of church and state • Sophisticated bureaucracy – Open to all classes • Provincial governors World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Byzantine Society and Politics • Economic control – Regulation of food prices, trade – Silk production • Trade network – Asia, Russia, Scandinavia, Europe, Africa • Arts – Creativity in architecture World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Split Between Eastern and Western Christianity • The Schism – Separate paths – Patriarch Michael § 1054, attacks Catholic practice – Mutual excommunication World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Empire's Decline • Period of decline from 11 th century • Seljuk Turks – Take most of Asian provinces – 1071, Manzikert § Byzantine defeat • Slavic states emerge World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Empire's Decline • Appeal to West brings crusaders – 1204, Venetian crusaders sack Constantinople • 1453, Constantinople taken by Ottoman Turks – 1461, empire gone World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Byzantine Empire, 1000 -1100 World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Spread of Civilization in Eastern Europe • Influence through conquest, conversion, trade • Cyril, Methodius, to Slavs – Cyrillic script World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The East Central Borderlands • Competition from Catholics and Orthodox Greeks • Catholics – Czechs, Hungary, Poland – Regional monarchies prevail • Jews from western Europe World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Emergence of Kievan Rus' • New Patterns of Trade – Slavs from Asia § Iron working, extend agriculture § Mix with earlier populations § Family tribes, villages § Kingdoms § Animistic World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Emergence of Kievan Rus' • New Patterns of Trade – 6 th, 7 th centuries § Scandinavian merchants § Trade between Byzantines and the North – c. 855, monarchy under Rurik § Center at Kiev – Vladimir I (980 -1015) § Converts to Orthodoxy § Controls church World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

East European Kingdoms and Slavic Expansion, c. 1000 World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Institutions and Culture in Kievan Rus' • Influenced by Byzantine patterns • Orthodox influence – Ornate churches – Icons – Monasticism • Art, literature dominated by religion, royalty • Free farmers predominant World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Institutions and Culture in Kievan Rus' • Boyars, landlords – Less powerful than in the West World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Kievan Decline • Decline from 12 th century – Rival governments – Succession struggles • Asian conquerors • Mongols (Tartars) – 13 th century, take territory – Traditional culture survives World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The End of an Era in Eastern Europe • Mongol invasions usher in new period • East and West further separated World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Global Connections: Eastern Europe and the World • Byzantine Empire differed from Russia – Byzantium a link in long-distance trade – Russia turned towards the West § Dependent on Byzantium § Decline of Byzantium leads to isolation for Russia World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert Copyright © 2011, © 2007, © 2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.