III Rise of Civilizations A Civilizations Develop Civilization

III. Rise of Civilizations

A. Civilizations Develop • Civilization – Complex culture that contains certain characteristics • 1 st civilization developed in the modern-day country of Iraq

B. Civilization Characteristics • 1 - Advanced Cities – Cities were the birthplace of civilization – Civilization comes from the Latin term for citizen – A surplus of food allowed people to cluster together in cities for the 1 st time

Early Sumerian City

• 2 – Specialized Workers – A food surplus also allowed people to have jobs other than farming – Division of Labor – Development of skills in a specific type of work – Artisans – Skilled workers who make goods by hand

• 3 – Complex Institution – Long-lasting pattern of organization in a community – Rise of cities created a need for organized governments – Provided order and helped create irrigation systems to aid farming – Organized religion also develops

• 4 – Record Keeping – Most civilizations developed writing – Pictographs – Symbols that represent a thing or idea – Sumerians – First people who developed a written language – Scribes – Professional record keepers – Cuneiform – Earliest form of writing

Sumerian Cuneiform

• 5 – Advanced Technology – Relied on technology to make life easier – Bronze Age (3000 B. C. ) – People used bronze tools instead of copper and stone – Made tools and weapons much stronger and more durable

Bronze Age Tools and Weapons

C. Changing Family Structure • During the Stone Age: – Men – Hunting/Farming – Women – Gathering, preparing food, household work, childcare, and made clothing

• With the Rise of Civilization – Men – Farmed, skilled workers, government workers, religious leaders – Women – Helped farm, prepared food, childcare, and made clothing