HIGH PRESSURE STUDIES IN MINERALOGY AT ESRF SYNCHROTRON

HIGH PRESSURE STUDIES IN MINERALOGY AT ESRF SYNCHROTRON Davide Levy European Synchrotron Radiation Facilities, BP 220 F-38043 Grenoble CEDEX, France E-mail: Levy@ESRF. FR

• PRESSURE (bar) • • • • • • • 10 -31 10 -22 10 -19 10 -16 10 -13 10 -10 10 -7 10 -6 10 -4 10 -3 10 -2 10 -1 1 10 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 1010 1016 1025 1028 Non equilibrium "pressure" of hydrogen gas in intergalactic space. Non equilibrium "pressure" of cosmic microwave background radiation. Pressure in interplanetary space. Best vacuum achieved in laboratory. Atmospheric pressure at altitude of 300 miles. Pressure of strong sunlight at surface of earth. Partial pressure of hydrogen in atmosphere at sea level. Best vacuum attainable with mechanical pump. -Radiation pressure at surface of sun. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in atmosphere at sea level. Vapour pressure of water at triple point of water. Pressure inside light bulb. Atmospheric pressure at summit of Mount Everest. Atmospheric pressure at sea level. Maximum pressure inside cylinder of high compression engine-Air pressure in high-pressure bicycle tyre. Steam pressure in boiler of a power plant. -Peak pressure of fist on concrete during karate strike. Pressure at greatest depths in oceans. Pressure at which mercury solidifies at room temperature. -Pressure at which graphite becomes diamond. Highest pressure attainable in laboratory before diamond anvil cell Highest pressure achieved with diamond anvil cell-Pressure at centre of Earth. Pressure at centre of Saturn. Pressure at centre of Jupiter- Radiation pressure at centre of sun. Pressure at centre of red-giant star- Pressure at centre of white-dwarf star. Pressure at centre of super-dense star. Pressure at centre of neutron star.

The High Pressure mineralogy at ID 9 • Instrumentation: -general features -optics -Diamond Anvil Cell -ruby fluorescence system • Mineralogical studies at HP: -Spinels -Andradite -Omphacite -Zeolite (scolecite)

Principal features of ID 9 • Insertion devices: 70 mm Wiggler 46 mm Ondulator • Optics for HP: Vertical mirror Bended Laue monochromator (Bragg-Bragg monochromator) • Beam dimension: 30 x 30 m (typical) 15 x 15 m (possible)

Optics Hutch Primary and Secondary Slits 1 Front-end Monochromator Slits Mirror Secondary Slits 2 Monochromator Beamstop Storage Ring Be Window Hutch Wall Beam to ID 9 TR Mirror 2 Tunnel Wall Absorber Monochromator Beamstop Beam to ID 9 HP

Experimental Hutch Wall Laue Monochromator H&V Slits Absorber Cleaning Slits H&V Slits Fluorescence Shield Beamstop DAC Image Plate

Laue Bended Monochromator Bender Monochromator White Beam Cooling water

Diamond Anvil Cell (2)

Diamond Anvil Cell (3) Gas in Gas out

Diamond Anvil Cell (1)

Pressure Determination Ruby Laser Spectrometer

Spinel at HP (1)

Spinel at HP (2)

Spinel at HP (3) Zn. Fe 2 O 4 HP-Phase Fe 3 O 4 HP-Phase (Fei et al. 1999)

Andradite at HP (1)

Andradite at HP (2)

Omphacite-P 2/n at HP (1)

Omphacite at HP (2)

Zeolites at HP