European Synchrotron Light Source workshop ESLS XX ESRF

European Synchrotron Light Source workshop (ESLS XX) ESRF Operation and Upgrade Status Achievements and Perspectives rk wo J. L. Revol , L Farvacque wo rk rk wo work On behalf of the Accelerator & Source Division

Experimental hall extension November 2011 May 2012 ID 16: October 2012 November 2012 ESLSXX- ESRF Operation and Upgrade Status- Revol JL, November 19 th, 2012 2

The Upgrade Programme ESRF Upgrade 2009 -2018 @ Phase 1(from 2009 to 2015) in progress: ØEight new beamlines, with an extension of the experimental hall ØRefurbishment of many existing beamlines ØDevelopments in synchrotron radiation instrumentation ØUpgrade of the X ray source for availability, stability and brilliance While maintaining an operational facility New @ Phase 2 projects elaborated and proposed to Council ESLSXX- ESRF Operation and Upgrade Status- Revol JL, November 19 th, 2012 3

Accelerator Upgrade Phase 1 • Upgrade of BPM electronics • Improvement of the beam position stability ü Done • Coupling reduction ü Done • 6 m long straight sections ü Done • Cryogenic in-vacuum undulators ü Done • 7 m straight sections ü To be installed winter 2012 • New RF Transmitters ü Done for the booster • New RF Cavities ü Prototypes under test New • Top-up operation ü Project started • Studies for the reduction of the horizontal emittance ü In progress ESLSXX- ESRF Operation and Upgrade Status- Revol JL, November 19 th, 2012 4

Machine statistics ESRF Record Machine statistics 2009 2010 2011 2012 (10 October) Availability (%) 99. 04 98. 78 98. 91 98. 6 Mean time between failures (hrs) 75. 8 67. 50 107. 8 55. 3 Mean duration of a failure (hrs) 0. 73 0. 82 1. 18 0. 82 No major difficulties to restart after the Long winter shutdown (5 Dec 2011 / 3 May 2012) Larger number of failures in 2012 (only a few of them resulting from the upgrade programme) ESLSXX- ESRF Operation and Upgrade Status- Revol JL, November 19 th, 2012 5

New orbit feedback Cell 1 rms 224 libera BPM ID 11 ID 17 Feedback OFF ID 27 Cell 32 8 mn Horizontal OFF • Single system from DC to 200 Hz • 224 Libera BPMs • 96 standard steerers up to 200 Hz (integrated in the sextupoles) • New power supplies • 10 k. Hz operation • Much better correction of the orbit distortion induced by ID gap motions 2. 5 mm Horizontal ON 0. 9 mm Vertical OFF Vertical ON @ sub mm stability routinely achieved in V @ mm stability routinely achieved in H ESLSXX- ESRF Operation and Upgrade Status- Revol JL, November 19 th, 2012 6

CPMU: Cryogenic Permanent Magnet Undulator Second device completed & successfully tested in ID 11 BL - period 18 mm Nd. Fe. B - peak field 1 T @ 145 K, gap 6 mm Robust consistency between ümagnetic design üfield measurements üobservation in beamline Photon flux in 0. 6 mm x 0. 6 mm @ 30 m in ID 11 Gain in photon flux ~ 2 @ 60 ke. V, ~3 above 90 ke. V compared to a conventional IVU 22 ESLSXX- ESRF Operation and Upgrade Status- Revol JL, November 19 th, 2012 7

6 m sections 6173 mm ID chamber • 6 m section no canting No change in optics New vacuum chambers Cabling & piping modification Front End modification for canting c c ID 16 • ID 18, ID 14, ID 1, ID 32 ID 31, ID 15 • ID 24 & ID 20 full 6 m operational with 4 carriages • 6 m Large Angle canting c • ID 30 (± 2. 2 mrad ) • ID 16 (± 2. 7 mrad ) c c c All phase 1 beamlines done ESLSXX- ESRF Operation and Upgrade Status- Revol JL, November 19 th, 2012 8

C ID 1. 6 m QD 6_HG QF 7_HG S 22_IR S 24_200 C C C 5 metres 7 metres C Mini beta test C S 22 Qd 6 bpm Qd 8 S 24 QF 7 ID 1. 6 m C bpm S 22 QF 7 bpm Infra Red beam port bpm Qd 6 Qd 8 S 24 bpm 7 m ID straight Sections QD_low 3 single cell cavities QF 7_HG QD 6_HG S 24_200 S 22 7 metre • • • New girders New quadrupoles Individual power supplies New vacuum chambers 1 st symmetry breaking Goal: ØRedistribute RF cavities to install undulators in the present dedicated RFstraight sections Ø Create 2 lower vertical beta points to reduce the in-vacuum undulator gap from 6 to 4 mm ESLSXX- ESRF Operation and Upgrade Status- Revol JL, November 19 th, 2012 9

7 m ID straight sections QD_low = spare HG quadrupole All hardware ready, Magnetic measurements in progress ID 23 Dec 2012 First 7 m straight section next winter shutdown Ø Test of mini beta optics during first half 2013 MDT Ø Installation of the RF cavities summer 2013 ESLSXX- ESRF Operation and Upgrade Status- Revol JL, November 19 th, 2012 10

Mini beta Z test Taking advantage of mini betaz for ID gap reduction • Primarily for High photon energy (> 50 ke. V) ESLSXX- ESRF Operation and Upgrade Status- Revol JL, November 19 th, 2012 11

Solid State RF transmitters 2 five-cell cavities x 2 couplers Goal: Prevent klystron obsolescence Prepare future upgrades New Booster RF : Four 150 k. W amplifiers in operation since March 2012 Smooth and efficient commissioning in limited time; high reliability for operation 4 Waveguide switches to 4 water S loads Y: Syn Booste chro r tron 75 k. W tower of 128 RF modules Replacing one 352. 2 MHz 1. 3 MW klystron booster transmitter SYRF now ready for Top. Up operation, (electrical power reduced from 1200 to 400 k. W). 3 SSA from for SR: FPowering 3 new HOM damped cavities on the storage ring: delayed F 1 st SSA to power 1 cavity in August 2013 150 k. W - 352. 2 MHz Solid State Amplifiers for the booster FNext SSAs: December 2013, March 2014 Efficiency: > 55 % at nominal power ESLSXX- ESRF Operation and Upgrade Status- Revol JL, November 19 th, 2012 12

Single cell NC HOM damped cavity • 9 MV with 12 to 18 cavities (4. 7 ± 0. 4 M ) • Planned operation at 300 m. A Goal: HOM absorbers: Ferrite loaded tapered ridges • Power capability to sustain up to 500 m. A ØRF distribution to create new experimental stations ØPrepare future upgrades • No HOM up to 1 A 3 Prototypes under test 352 MHz HOM dampers = ridge waveguides Based on 500 MHz BESSY, MLS, ALBA design Weihreter et al. ] [E. ESRF 352. 2 MHz design: several improvements ESLSXX- ESRF Operation and Upgrade Status- Revol JL, November 19 th, 2012 13

Single cell NC HOM damped cavity 2 nd cavity delivered by SDMS 1 st HOM damped cavity delivered by RI – Research Instruments May 2012: Installation on RF teststand ü Vacc = 0. 5 MV after long conditioning ü September: Straightforward conditioning from 0. 5 to 0. 75 MV ü Installation in cell 25 in coming winter shutdown October 2011: Installation on Storage Ring Ø Passive operation with excellent vacuum behaviour in USM Ø Active operation 3 rd cavity delivered by CINEL ü Vacc = 0. 5 MV (conditioned to 0. 6 MV) ü Ibeam = 200 m. A in uniform fill pattern during MDT, with 150 k. W of RF power Delivered in June 2012 ü Ibeam = 4*10 m. A during one week of USM without trip ü Starting RF conditioning before the end of the year ü Ibeam = 85 m. A in 16 bunch after a few hours of conditioning ü Test with beam directly on cell 23 (we skip cell 25 test) ESLSXX- ESRF Operation and Upgrade Status- Revol JL, November 19 th, 2012 14

Top Up Project @ Most facilities operate in Top Up mode, except ESRF Pro: Reduced heat load variation on the beamline optics. Improves stability Con: Increased number of injections. Disturbs stability @ Survey of Top Up operation at ESRF/ APS/ SPRing 8/ PETRA/ SOLEIL/ DIAMOND/ BESSY/ ELETTRA/ ALBA /SLS Top Up is multi parameter with discrepancies between institutes! @ ESRF has developed a lot of expertise in the design of the optics and in the layout of beamlines to manage heat load variation, especially for the UPBLs, which should be less sensitive to refills. Could we still gain (a lot) by reducing the current variation ? What would be the (maximum) current variation which would make a refill transparent? ESLSXX- ESRF Operation and Upgrade Status- Revol JL, November 19 th, 2012 15

Top Up Survey Stability in current Ø All machines are in the mm stability standards, injection disturbs all machines for ≈ a few ms time ! Ø But very low use of gating by the beamlines ESLSXX- ESRF Operation and Upgrade Status- Revol JL, November 19 th, 2012 16

Top Up Project Possible Top-UP scheme Standard decay 2 m. A 30 mn Mode 7/8 200 m. A, 45 h, 5 pm vertical emittance: Dt= 30 mn DI<≈ 2 m. A instead of 40 m. A today with an injection every 12 hours Mode 16 bunch 90 m. A, 6 h, 6 pm vertical emittance: Dt= 30 mn DI<≈ 10 m. A instead of 30 m. A today with an injection every 6 hours and vertical emittance *10 @ 15 -30 mn Top-Up cycle seems reasonable @ We are doing tests and studies during MDTs (including feedback from Users) @ We are upgrading our injector to improve reliability and operation in particular a new ramped power booster power supply is under design ESLSXX- ESRF Operation and Upgrade Status- Revol JL, November 19 th, 2012 17

Low Horizontal Emittance SR ESRF is investigating a low horizontal emittance SR lattice The pros: - Brightness increase while maintaining the same flux - Spatial resolution increase - Transverse coherence The first two points improve almost linearly for a decrease from 4 nm down to 100 pm. For lower emittance the gain becomes less than linear due to: - the diffraction limit - mismatch of the electron beam with the X-Ray beam The coherence fraction increases linearly as well, but to be above 50% emittances below 5 pm are needed. For example: @10 Ke. V 80% coherence needs about 1 pm emittance The boundary conditions: - Maintain the existing Straight Sections and Beam. Lines unchanged (as much as possible) - Maintain the present injector - Design and Implement a new challenging lattice for the 32 arcs (A Franchi’s talk) provide a horizontal emittance of 160 pm. - Cost and shutdown - Reduction in operation costs ESLSXX- ESRF Operation and Upgrade Status- Revol JL, November 19 th, 2012 18

Brilliance at lower horizontal emittance Electron beam: 6. 04 Ge. V I=200 m. A Lattice Present New Hor. Emittance [nm] 4 0. 16 Vert. Emittance [pm] 5 3. 2 Energy spread [%] 0. 1 Betax[m]/Betaz [m] 37/3 3. 3/2. 8 ESLSXX- ESRF Operation and Upgrade Status- Revol JL, November 19 th, 2012 19

Heat load at lower horizontal emittance Critical parameter is the power density of the white beam from undulator Heat load on first optical components (i. e Silicon monochromators) The spatial distribution of the power density is primarily driven by the deflection parameter K of the undulator. No change for present ESRF high beta ~ 30% more expected for low beta straight section ESLSXX- ESRF Operation and Upgrade Status- Revol JL, November 19 th, 2012 20

ESRF UPgrade Phase II The new lattice is part of the ESRF Upgrade phase II White paper presented at the meeting of the ESRF Council on 26 November The ESRF UP Phase II (2015 -2019) includes three principal projects: • The construction and commissioning of the new lattice • The Vercors hall extension for the preparation and storage of the new SR equipment to be used later for the beamlines • The construction of four new state-of-the-art beamlines fully exploiting the brilliance and coherence of the new X-ray source • An aggressive instrumentation development programme aiming to integrate the technologies required to fully exploit the ESRF beamline portfolio in terms of sample positioning and environment, nanofocusing, detectors and data retrieval, storage and analysis. Green line expected to start the Technical Design Study including prototyping to create a Machine Advisory Committee ESLSXX- ESRF Operation and Upgrade Status- Revol JL, November 19 th, 2012 21

Enabling Technology @ Energy efficient source: 60% of the present power consumption RF systems tailored to the reduced losses per turn Increase efficiency of the production of magnetic field @ Magnets: Main design with electromagnets but permanent magnet design with small range tuning system commencing in parallel quadrupoles (100 T/m) sextupoles (1. 9 k. T/m 2) @ Vacuum: Low vacuum conductance due to reduce aperture of the chambers Main chamber made from extruded aluminium with NEG coating and ion pumps @ RF: 12 HOM damped cavities @ Mechanical design very challenging due the compactness ESLSXX- ESRF Operation and Upgrade Status- Revol JL, November 19 th, 2012 22

ESRF UPgrade Phase II schedule 1 Year Shutdown ESLSXX- ESRF Operation and Upgrade Status- Revol JL, November 19 th, 2012 23

ESRF UPgrade Phase II budget Magnets and Power Supplies Vacuum system Storage Ring Infrastructure FE modification RF system Mechanical supports Diagnostics and control External manpower Peak Load manpower Injection straight section Insertion Devices Total for the Source: Vercors building &services 4 New Beamlines Beamline enabling Technology Grand Total 35000 19000 10000 8000 2500 6000 5000 4000 5000 3000 2500 100000 k€ k€ k€ 20000 k€ 150000 Engineer 1 1 1 1 Technician 1 1 2 1 1 k€ k€ k€ 10000 Conventional magnets Permanent magnets Mechanical Vacuum Control Project coordination Beam dynamics RF Diagnostics k€ Additional resources ESLSXX- ESRF Operation and Upgrade Status- Revol JL, November 19 th, 2012 24

MANY thanks for your attention ESLSXX- ESRF Operation and Upgrade Status- Revol JL, November 19 th, 2012 25