Environmental Monitoring System in Support of Defense and

Environmental Monitoring System in Support of Defense and Civil Applications § Rapid data delivery 4 x faster than legacy systems enables quicker reaction to changing conditions § 10 x the data of existing systems § Accurate data - better forecasts § International collaboration § Contributes to 14 of 26 Essential Climate Variables Building Capacity in our Global Weather System NPOESS Architecture and Program Status 1 § Critical inputs to weather forecast models and global change monitoring § Science-quality, operational data to users and research scientists § Continuity of climate data records

NPOESS Environmental Monitoring Regimes 2 Weather, Oceanography Space Environment Clouds, temperature, wind, precipitation, currents, tides, land use Climate Environment Auroral particles, high energy space radiation Chemistry, water, land use Nowcasting, Forecasting § Routine weather, disasters, military ops Space Environmental Monitoring § Anomaly resolution, human space flight safety Long Term Monitoring § Global change implications

Polar Satellite Programs Calendar Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 DMSP F 17 AM Orbit DMSP F 19 NPOESS C 2 DMSP F 16 Mid AM Orbit DMSP F 20 DMSP F 18 NOAA 17 Met. Op-D Met. Op-A Met. Op-B Met. Op-C PM Orbit NOAA 18 NOAA 19 NPP NPOESS C 3 NPOESS C 1 Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (Do. D) NPOESS Preparatory Project (NASA/NOAA) European Polar System (EUMETSAT) NPOESS(NOAA/Do. D/NASA) NOAA Polar Satellite Program Previous Schedule (through November 2008) Extended operation Satellite is beyond design life

Concept of Operations 1. Sense phenomena 2. Downlink raw data 3. Transport data to Centrals for processing X and L bands Field Terminals Monitor and control Satellites and Ground Elements Mission Management Center (Suitland) Alt. MMC (Aurora, CO) Ka-band Safety. Net. TM Receptors Global fiber network connects 15 receptors to Centrals 4. Process raw data into EDRs and deliver to Centrals Full IDP Capability at each Central NOAA, Air Force, and 2 Navy sites

Data Delivery DATA LATENCY – Delivery of Data to Users DMSP/POES NPP NPOESS 100 – 150 minutes 140 minutes 28 minutes Improvements Over Heritage Data Rate Data 1 Volume Encryption Spectral Capability Vertical Resolution Heritage 1. 5 Mbps 6. 3 GB/Day Total 5 bands 40 bands NPOESS 20 Mbps 5. 4 TB/Day Selective 22 bands 1300 bands 1 Data Volume per Satellite NPOESS improves robustness, accuracy, and timeliness of delivery of essential weather and climate data 5

Satellite Architecture Spacecraft designed for Earth observation missions § § § Large nadir platform for maximum payload accommodation on the EELV launch vehicle Optical bench stability to ensure all sensors meet pointing requirements Thermally optimized with large coldside access for science payloads C 1 1330 Satellite OMPS CERES SARSAT & A-DCS Tx Antennas L-Band LRD Link (note that C 2 will have MIS) Cr. IS ATMS TSIS VIIRS X-Band HRD Link Ka-Band to Safety Net. TM S-Band Link SARSAT & A-DCS Rx Antenna Velocity Direction (+XS/C axis) Overall Satellite § § Orbit: 828 km § § 7 -year duration to ensure no operational gaps MIS 13: 30 -C 1 ascending node crossing 17: 30 -C 2 ascending node crossing Capacity to transmit 5. 4 Terabytes a day (half the library of Congress) Cr. IS & ATMS no longer manifested on C 2 VIIRS Ka-Band downlink to Safety. Net. TM enables downlink of all collected data with 4 x improvement of data latency (95% of collected data delivered as EDRs in 28 min) § Large on-board recorder capacity and Safety. Net. TM architecture provides 99. 99% data availability § Leverages NASA’s Earth Observation Satellite (EOS) heritage and experience Velocity Direction (+XS/C axis) S TM A IS Cr TSIS S-Band Link X-Band HRD Link L-Band LRD Link SARSAT & A-DCS Tx Antennas SARSAT & A-DCS Rx Antenna Ka-Band to Safety Net. TM C 2 1730 Satellite

Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) DMSP OLS VIIRS Day Night Band ~3, 000 km Nadir Resolution 2, 200 m 742 m Swath Edge Resolution 5, 400 m 1, 600 m Radiometric Resolution 6 -bit quantized (256 gray shades) 12 -bit quantized (16, 384 gray shades) Uncalibrated Calibrated across swath Automatic gain normalization (easily saturated) High, mid and low gain (119, 000: 477: 1 ratio) Swath width Calibration Gain settings High Signal to noise ratio Low to medium (30 @ nadir, 6 @ swath edge) “In an overall view, it appears that the VIIRS/FU-1 will perform in a manner. Min equal to or better than the MODIS instrument. ” – NASA moonlight > 25% MODIS Science Team Lead > 50% 7

NPOESS/VIIRS Supports Superior Cloud Forecasting VIIRS Sensor • 22 spectral bands • Co-registered multi-spectral imagery • Cloud & Aerosol Detection bands • Thin Cirrus & Dual gain bands Opaque Cirrus Thin Cirrus Mixed Phase Clouds 4 Cloud Layers Water Clouds • Thin Cirrus Cloud Top Height, Cloud Top Base, Cloud Cover Layer, & Opt. Properties CFLOS Better CFLOS Opaque Water Clouds Cloud Shadows Superior Cloud Detection/Discrimination improves Cloud Free Line of Sight (CFLOS) determination MODIS VIIRS/NPOESS Provides: • 3 D gridded cloud product, near Uniform Cell Size • Better Detection • 412 nm Dual Gain band gives superior contrast over desert and improved detection of smoke, dust, and haze CTH, CTB, CCL, COP and EPS Products Feeds directly into AFWA high resolution Cloud Forecast Models AFWA Cloud Forecast Models Aerosols Detection 8 Superior Aerosol detection (dust, smoke, pollution) Aerosols • Improved Cloud Analyses for AFWA forecast models • Enhanced Aerosol Cloud Discrimination procedures • Increased knowledge of CFLOS to support missions • Higher quality products for military applications

Instrument Performance very promising – meets/exceeds KPPs & EDRs Ozone Total Column EDR Accuracy meets requirements with margin VIIRS 18. 0 Accuracy Error (DU) 16. 0 14. 0 12. 0 spec 10. 0 8. 0 6. 0 Performance better than spec OMPS 4. 0 2. 0 0. 0 Cr. IS 150 Pressure (mbar) 50 250 350 450 Total Column Ozone (DU) Compliant region 550 650 Simulation results SEA spec Non-compliant region Temperature (K) Cr. IS Atmosphere Vertical Temperature and Moisture Profile KPP EDRs 9 met with margin due to outstanding sensor performance • All KPPs (bold boxes) Green • All NPP EDRs green except Aerosol Optical Thickness and Ocean Color (based on flight sensor ambient testing) • All NPOESS EDRs green except Ocean Color (yellow; expected to go green following testing of integrated filter)

Advanced Imagery Improves Interpretation Current Operational Weather Future Operational Weather LOW CLOUDS At Night Terrain False Color Tough Problems Solved Black & White BANDS OLS: 1 Vis; 1 IR AVHRR: 1 Vis; 5 IR 10 3 Band True Dramatic enhancement of Color image content over singleband pan imagery [e. g. land surface types, water turbidity, and dust – cloud discrimination VIIRS 22 bands will provide improved discrimination of scene features Tanker On fire Smoke Plume SNOW LOW CLOUD HIGH CLOUD Multispectral capability greatly enhances scene feature

Advanced Soundings Result in Better Forecasts Curre nt Fidelit y Currently 5– 15 Channels 11 NPOESS Fidelity Hundreds of Channels Produces Global Forecast for national and military users Temperature and moisture profiles Nat’l Hurricane Center Where is Dujuan headed? Tanker Airlift Control Center What Air Refueling route is optimal? All forecasts start with a global model

Monitoring Tropical Cyclones at Night • High-level circulation seen in Infrared • Lower level cloud fields revealed via DMSP night time visible sensitivity • High vertical shear displacements between upper and lower level centers can be 200 km in some cases DMSP/OLS 8/30/2004 0504 UTC 11. 0 µm IR Window Upper-Level Circulation Georgette Eastern Pacific 20 N 15 N 125 W Lower-Level Circulation ~200 km SE 120 W Avoiding the “Sunrise Surprise” 12 NPOESS VIIRS Day Night Band will provide better spatial resolution

Synopsis § Real hardware and software being delivered § Command, Control and Communications System complete & installed at NOAA Satellite Operations facility (NSOF); transitioned to Operations and Support § Integrated Data Processing System is in transition to Operations and Support at NSOF and will be complete by June 2009 § NPOESS Sensor EDU integration and test with NASA NPP spacecraft completed § Sensor Flight Hardware completing rigorous testing § Operational Space Segment development on track for implementing Nation’s next generation environmental monitoring system 13 On plan to provide critical national weather and climate monitoring system for assured data continuity

BACKUP 14

Volcanic Ash Monitoring W in d Di re ct ction ire ind D io n W Manam Motu Papua New Guinea Volcanic Ash in Orange/Pink Clouds in Cyan True Color Volcanic glass particles melt/damage turbine engines 15

Advanced Visible Imagery Supports Aviation Can you find the contrails in this true color image? Conditions for contrail formation made easy by exploiting numerous spectral bands! Long Contrail Loop Contrail 16 NASA MODIS Processed Imagery Courtesy NRL Monterey

Advanced Vis/IR Imagery Improves Discrimination True Vegetation Reference Next Color Day – Background Clouds Cover the River True. Dust Color Dust Event 500 m Enhancement Indus River Valley Pakistan DUST FRONT? 17 NRL Note Multiple Dust fronts Monterey Special Dust Enhancement Algorithm Shows

Sensors for NPP, C 1, C 2 Environmental Sensors developed through EMD contract VIIRS OMPS Cr. IS ATMS** ** 1 st procured by NASA 2 nd by NG GPS (3) (2) (2) Government Furnished Sensors being delivered for integration CERES MIS SEM A-DCS SARSAT (2) TED DPU (1+1) 18 (1) MEPED (2) NPOESS Sensor suite delivers 38 Environmental Data Records and 14 Essential Climate Variables

NPOESS Payload Development Status – Nov 2008 Cr. IS Instrument (ITT) Cross-track Infrared Sounder with ATMS provides atmospheric temperature, moisture, and pressure profiles • EDU successfully tested with NPP spacecraft and returned • Cr. IS Thermal Vacuum (TVAC) testing shows excellent low noise performance • Internal Calibration target (ICT) anomaly resolved. ICT replaced and sensor completed TVAC test • Upcoming: Delivery to NPP satellite for integration 19 VIIRS Instrument (Raytheon) OMPS Instrument (Ball) Visible/Infrared Imager/ Radiometer Suite Ozone Mapping & Profiler Suite provides 22 EDRs of atmospheric and surface environmental data • Pre-Environmental Test Review completed April 2008 • Sensor Suite integrated and environmental testing started • EMI testing completed, over test corrections in place with no impact on hardware • Upcoming: Vibration testing provides ozone data • All testing successfully completed (Vibration, EMI and TVAC) • Successfully delivered a “high quality” instrument (per Pre. Ship Review Independent Review Chair) • Upcoming: Integration onto NPP satellite

NPOESS Payload Development Status – Nov 2008 ATMS Instrument (NGES) Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder Clouds and Earth’s Radiant Energy System with Cr. IS provides atmospheric temperature, moisture, and pressure profiles provides data on incoming and outgoing radiant energy • Flight Unit 1 delivered for NPP satellite integration in 2005 • Delta Critical Design Review (CDR) for replacement of obsolete components held in Sep 2008 20 CERES Instrument (NGST) • Flight Module 5 approved for flight by NASA for NPP satellite. • Successfully delivered and integrated onto the NPP satellite in Nov 08 TSIS Instrument (LASP) Total Solar Irradiance Sensor provides data on the amount of energy emitted by the Sun incident on Earth • Approved by EXCOM for C 1 satellite on 1 May 2008 • NASA to procure TSIS from Laboratory of Atmospheric and Solar Physics (LASP) • Delivery planned for Dec 2011 to C 1 satellite

NPOESS Payload Development Status – Nov 2008 (ATK) MIS Instrument (NRL) Microwave Imager Sounder provides soil moisture and sea surface winds • Naval Research Center (NRL) chosen as the sensor provider with authority to proceed (ATP) in Jun 08 • Flight 1 Critical Design Review in 2011 with delivery in 2014 providing adequate margin to the C 2 satellite need date 21 SEM Instrument (JHU/APL) Space Environmental Monitor provides data on charged particles entering the Earth’s atmosphere • NAVSEA/JHU team officially started work in Sept to support delivery to C 1 A-DCS (CNES) & SARSAT (DND) Advanced Data Collection System & Search and Rescue Satellite. Aided Tracking monitors data from unmanned sites & relays distress signals from mariners and aviators in distress • In production and on track

VIIRS Incorporates Key Features From and Improves Upon Previous Operational and R&D Sensors Operational Sensors § OLS § 74 kg § 2 bands 22 High Spatial Resolution § Radiometric Accuracy § Day/Night Band § § Minimize Resolution Growth Over Scan SST Band Continuity • R&D Sensors • § AVHRR § 33 kg § 5 bands VIIRS OMM MODIS • EM § 275 kg § 22 bands § Band Selection/Continuity § Thin Cirrus Band § 220 kg § Solar Diffuser § 36 bands § Earthshine Lessons Learned § Ocean Color Bands § Rotating Telescope • Sea. Wi. FS § 45 kg § 8 bands