DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Oral Cavity to Stomach Intestine Time

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM!!

Oral Cavity to Stomach Intestine Time Accessory Organs 10 10 10 20 20 20 30 30 30 40 40 40 50 50 50 Digestive Enzymes & Disorders Hormones

Question 1 - 10 Deep folds of the inner lining of the stomach that allow it to stretch are called what?

Answer 1 – 10 Rugae

Question 1 - 20 The food that is partially digested in the stomach is known as what?

Answer 1 – 20 Chyme (not chime)

Question 1 - 30 What are three main portions of the stomach? (cardiac region considered #4)

Answer 1 – 30 Fundus Body Pylorus

Question 1 - 40 What is the layer of the gastrointestinal tract that is responsible for the actions of segmentation and peristalsis?

Answer 1 – 40 Muscularis externa - There are 3 layers of muscle in the stomach for mechanical digestion/ “churning” the foodstuffs

Question 1 - 50 Where in the stomach does the most digestive activity occur?

Answer 1 – 50 PYLORUS

Question 2 - 10 What is the portion of the digestive system most responsible for absorption of water from the indigestible residue of food?

Answer 2 – 10 Large intestine (MAJORITY OF WATER absorbed in small intestine)

Question 2 - 20 Elimination of indigestible material from the body as feces is called what?

Answer 2 – 20 Def. Ecation!

Question 2 - 30 What are three modifications of the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine?

Answer 2 – 30 Villi Microvilli Circular folds (plicae circulares)

Question 2 - 40 What are three sections of the small intestine?

Answer 2 – 40 Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

Question 2 - 50 What are the pouches that give the large intestine its “puckered” appearance?

Answer 2 – 50 Haustra (TENIA COLI = flat bands of L. I. )

Question 3 - 10 Name at least four accessory organs of the digestive system.

Answer 3 – 10 Liver Pancreas Gallbladder Teeth/ Tongue Salivary glands

Question 3 - 20 Pancreatic juice is a mixture of digestive enzymes that is released into what?

Answer 3 – 20 Pancreatic duct Duodenum (of Small Intestine)

Question 3 - 30 What is the structure in the digestive system that stores bile?

Answer 3 – 30 Gallbladder

Question 3 - 40 Only one organ produces enzymes capable of digestive all 4 major organic molecule groups. What organ is this? And what are the 4 groups?

Answer 3 – 40 Pancreas Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids

Question 3 - 50 Pancreatic juice contains many enzymes as well as what chemical compound which gives pancreatic juice a slightly basic p. H (and inactivates pepsin from the stomach)?

Answer 3 – 50 Sodium bicarbonate Na. HCO 3

Question 4 - 10 What are the craterlike lesions that form in the mucosa when it is exposed to acidic juices?

Answer 4 – 10 Ulcer (peptic ulcer = in stomach)

Question 4 - 20 What is a protrusion of all or part of an organ through a membrane called?

Answer 4 – 20 hernia

Question 4 - 30 What condition is a type of irritable bowel disease that usually affects only the mucosa of the large intestine and rectum?

Answer 4 – 30 Ulcerative colitis

Question 4 - 40 What is an inflammation of the digestive tract that may extend from the mucosa to the serosa , anywhere from the oral cavity through the end of the intestines?

Answer 4 – 40 Crohn’s disease

Question 4 - 50 FULLY explain what happens in the condition “GERD”.

Answer 4 – 50 Same as Heartburn (GERD = Gastroesophageal reflux disease ) Acidic gastric juices move from stomach into the esophagus through a leaky cardioesophageal valve.

Question 5 - 10 Name the enzyme that begins digestion of starches.

Answer 5 – 10 Salivary amylase

Question 5 - 20 What hormone stimulates the secretion of gastric juice?

Answer 5 – 20 Gastrin

Question 5 - 30 What is one example of an enzyme in pancreatic juice that digests proteins?

Answer 5 – 30 Trypsin Chymotrypsin Elastase carboxypeptidase

Question 5 - 40 What two hormones work to maintain homeostasis through the stimulation of the secretion of pancreatic juice and secretion of bile?

Answer 5 – 40 Secretin Cholecystokinin

Question 5 - 50 The cells of which organs serve as the control center as well as the effectors for two major hormones in maintaining digestive homeostasis?

Answer 5 – 50 Pancreas Liver / Gallbladder