Civil War Events Leading to the Civil War

Civil War Events Leading to the Civil War GRAPHIC ORGANIZER ACTIVITY

Causes of the Civil War 1861 -1865

Sectionalism

Sectionalism • Loyalty to a part of the country as opposed to the whole country • North and South believed their way of life to be better

S lavery

S lavery • Involuntary servitude (forcing to work) • North wanted to abolish slavery • South needed to keep slavery to maintain their way of life

S tates’ Rights 10 th Amendment The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

S tates’ Rights • The belief that a state has the right not to follow a federal law if they are opposed to it

S ecession

S ecession • To break away from (in this case, the Union) • South Carolina first state to secede in 1860 • Resulted from the election of Abraham Lincoln

1 Constitution

1 Constitution • Founding Fathers compromised on the issue of slavery with the 3/5 ths Compromise and the importation of slaves ending in 1808 • They thought that slavery would be unprofitable and die out • The North will eventually end slavery within their borders, but the South will continue to practice slavery

2 Rise of the Abolitionist Movement

2 Rise of the Abolitionist Movement • People who wanted to end slavery in the U. S. completely • Both blacks and whites made speeches, created pamphlets, and made newspapers urging the ending of slavery • North successful in ending slavery by 1804

3 Underground Railroad

3 Underground Railroad • A series of secret routes and buildings where slaves hid while escaping North to gain freedom • They primarily traveled at night using trains, wagons, boats, and on foot • Many slaves destinations were Canada and Mexico because slavery was already outlawed in those areas

4 Missouri Compromise

4 Missouri Compromise • Henry Clay proposed • Maine is admitted as a free state, while Missouri is admitted as a slave state to maintain the balance of free vs. slave states in Congress • It drew an imaginary line at the southern border of Missouri at 36˚ 30’N line; slavery was permitted in the part of the Louisiana Purchase south of the line

5 Free Soil Party

5 Free Soil Party • A new political party was formed by antislavery members from both the Democrats and Whig parties • Free Soilers’ goal was to keep slavery out of the western territories

6 Compromise of 1850

6 Compromise of • Henry Clay proposed 1850 • Allowed California to enter the Union as a free state • Divided the rest of the Mexican Cession into the territories of New Mexico and Utah • Ended the slave trade in Washington, D. C. • Included a strict fugitive slave law • Settled a border dispute between Texas and New Mexico

7 Fugitive Slave Law

7 Fugitive Slave Law • Required all citizens to help catch runaway slaves and send back to owners • People who let fugitives escape could be fined $1000 and jailed for six months

8 Uncle Tom’s Cabin

8 Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe which showed the evils of slavery and the injustice of the Fugitive Slave Law • Becomes a best seller and forces people to see slavery as a moral issue

9 Kansas-Nebraska Act

9 Kansas-Nebraska Act • Bill introduced by Stephen Douglas to set up a government for the Nebraska territory • Douglas wanted to build a transcontinental railroad system to help develop Chicago • Proposed that the Nebraska territory would be divided into two territories – Kansas and Nebraska • Voters in each territory would decide the issue of slavery by popular sovereignty • Repealed the Missouri Compromise

10 Violence in Congress

10 Violence in Congress • Senator Charles Sumner blasted the actions of proslavery legislature in Kansas and criticized Senator Andrew Butler from South Carolina • Butler’s nephew, Congressman Preston Brooks beat Sumner with a cane, proving that slavery led to violence

11 “Bleeding Kansas”

11 “Bleeding Kansas” • By late 1856, more than 200 people (proslavery and antislavery) had been killed in Kansas territory • All of this fighting was in response to whether or not Kanas should be a free or slave state

12 Dred Scott v. Sandford

12 Dred Scott v. Sandford • Dred Scott, a slave who sued for his freedom • Chief Justice Roger Taney of the Supreme Court ruled that Scott could not file a lawsuit because, as an enslaved person, he was not a citizen. Instead, all slaves were property • In addition, Congress did not have the power to outlaw slavery in the territories • Missouri Compromise is considered unconstitutional

13 Creation of Republican Party

13 Creation of Republican Party • Formed by Free Soilers, northern Democrats and antislavery Whigs • Goal was to keep slavery out of the western territories

14 Lincoln-Douglas Debates

14 Lincoln-Douglas Debates • Both Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas were running for Senator of Illinois • Lincoln wanted to stop the spread of slavery • Douglas believed that the territories should be decided by popular sovereignty • Lincoln’s “house-divided” speech – “A house divided against itself cannot stand; a nation cannot endure half slave and half free. ” • Douglas won the re-election

15 John Brown’s Raid

15 John Brown’s Raid • Brown was an abolitionist who wanted to start a slave revolt • Brown and 18 men raided Harper’s Ferry arsenal to steal weapons and give them to the slaves to kill owners • Brown was captured and sentenced to death. He was hailed as a hero by the North, but hailed as a villain by the South.

16 Election of 1860

16 Election of 1860 • Abraham Lincoln – Republican • Stephen Douglas – Northern Democrat • John Breckinridge – Southern Democrat • John Bell – Constitutional Party • Lincoln wins the election

17 Secession

17 Secession • Because Lincoln won the election, many southern states decided to secede (leave the Union) • Southern states used states’ rights to justify secession • The states that seceded formed a new nation and called it the Confederate States of America

18 Firing at Fort Sumter, South Carolina

18 Firing at Fort Sumter, South Carolina • Confederacy began seizing federal forts and arsenals • Lincoln refused to abandon Fort Sumter and the Confederates wanted it because it guarded the Charleston Harbor • The fort needed to be resupplied and the Union refused to surrender it to the Confederates • Confederate soldiers opened fire and it marked the beginning of the war • Union surrendered the fort

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