DO NOW The Civil War affected the northern

DO NOW The Civil War affected the northern economy by 1. causing a severe depression 2. increasing unemployment rates 3. decreasing demand for agricultural products 4. stimulating industrialization

DO NOW The Civil War affected the northern economy by 1. causing a severe depression 2. increasing unemployment rates 3. decreasing demand for agricultural products 4. stimulating industrialization

HOW WAS THE EMBITTERED SOUTH BROUGHT BACK INTO THE UNION?

Lincoln’s Assassination 1865 Ø Ø Assassinated at Ford’s Theater (D. C. ) John Wilkes Booth – Confederate sympathizer

John Wilkes Booth

War’s Aftermath v v v Terrible toll on South Railroads/factories/c ities/farmlands destroyed Work animals & livestock killed 4 million Africans freed 620, 000 human losses $15 billion in losses

Reconstruction 1865 -1877 Rebuilding RE-ESTABLISH SOUTHERN STATES INTO THE UNION Required rebuilding of nations economy & government 3 Plans: - Lincoln - Johnson - Radical Republican Questions to be answered… 1. 2. 3. Conditions for Southern States to return to the Union and assume further rights? Which branch of government should determine conditions for South? What POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL rights should be given to African Americans

Lincoln’s Reconstruction v v v aka 10% Plan South never seceded Rebellion was work of few Radicals Reconstruction task of President (use of pardon) LENIENCY regain South’s loyalty 10 % PLAN: All Southerners pardoned upon taking an oath of allegiance to the Union (except high military officials and government leaders) 10% of voters in state took oath permitted to form legal state government (rewrite Constitution to eliminate slavery)

Wade-Davis Bill (1864) Senator Benjamin Wade (R-OH) v. Introduced by 2 Radical Republicans, Ohio Senator Benjamin F. Wade & Maryland Representative Henry Winter Davis v. Republicans objected Lincoln’s 10% Plan v. Required 50% of voters of a state to take a loyalty oath & permitted only non Confederates to vote for a new state Constitution v. LINCOLN REFUSED TO SIGN BILL (pocket veto) Congressman Henry W. Davis (R-MD)

President Andrew Johnson « Jacksonian Democrat « Anti-Aristocrat « White Supremacist « Agreed with Lincoln that states had never legally left the Union. “Damn the negroes! I am fighting these traitorous aristocrats, their masters!” ~Johnson

Johnson’s Reconstruction PLAN: v v Andrew Johnson took over the Presidency after Lincoln’s assassination Attempted to continue Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan v v v Pardoned most Southerners who pledged allegiance to the Union Abolish slavery Reject Confederate debt Void secession RATIFICATION (approval) OF THE 13 TH AMENDMENT – ABOLISH SLAVERY

th 13 Amendment « Ratified in December, 1865. « “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction. ” « Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.