The American Civil War Battles At start of

REVIEW • What Advantages does each side have?

Advantages of each side • Home tuff advantage • The North’s population • Had

Who is the president of each side?

The Leaders Abraham Lincoln was the sixteenth President of the United States. He opposed the expansion of slavery. A Republican, Lincoln led the Union during the Civil War. Jefferson Davis was President of the Confederate States of America. During the Mexican War, he had been an officer in the United States Army. Davis also had served as the United States Secretary of War. CICERO © 2010

The Generals Ulysses S. Grant Robert E. Lee William T. Sherman Thomas Jackson George

What is each side’s plan?

Strategies Anaconda Plan -blockade the Southern ports -take the Mississippi -take the capital -don’t give up -get friends The Confederacy adopted a defensive strategy and attempted to secure alliances with more powerful countries such as Britain and France. CICERO © 2010

Major Battles of the Civil War CICERO © 2010

Where do the first shots ring out at?

Fort Sumter April 12, 1861 The first shots of the Civil War were fired at Fort Sumter. Major Robert Anderson of the United States Army had moved his troops to the base because he feared a Confederate attack. In the early morning of April 12, 1861, the Confederates launched an attack. Northern troops under Anderson’s command returned fire, but were ineffective. The Confederacy continued its attack with prolonged gunfire, and the Union troops in the fort surrendered a day later. One Confederate soldier and four Union soldiers were killed in the battle. CICERO © 2010 South Carolina

1 st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas July 21, 1861 • Union troops move from DC to Richmond led by General Irvin Mc. Dowell led the Union • Soon met by Confederates • Battle takes place near river known as Bull Run • Union breaks through Confederate lines • It looks as if the Confederates will win

Battle of Bull Run • “The war is over!” yelled some • General Thomas Jackson rallied the Confederate troops – Stonewall Jackson • Union troops panicked and fled • Both sides needed more training – Union lost 3000 men – Confederates lost 2000 men • Battle lasted 5 hours lhttp: //www. schooltube. com/video/0 c 14707 b 5 f 394 bc 6 a 92 b/

Battle of Bull Run • After defeat Lincoln appointed General George Mc. Clellan as commander of Union army of the East • A very cautious man

Shiloh Tennessee April 6 -7, 1862 Union under Ulysses S. Grant was moving towards Tennessee River and were attacked by Confederates The Southern troops forced them to retreat toward the river. Although the Confederate soldiers had gained ground, they suffered many losses 1 st day Confederates looked as if they would win. CICERO © 2010

Shiloh • On the second day the Union army claimed ground in the early morning • Eventually the Confederates are forced to retreat. • Union lost 13, 000 • Confederates lost 11, 000 http: //www. history. com/videos/the-battle-ofshiloh

Naval Action • Blockade became very effective • Trade in southern ports dropped 90% • Confederates took an abandoned Union warship and renamed it Virginia – Covered it with iron plates – Shooting it with cannonballs ineffective

The War at Sea The Battle of the Ironclads also is known as the Battle of Hampton Roads and the Battle of the Monitor and the Merrimack. It was the first naval battle between two ironclad ships, the Union’s USS Monitor and the Confederacy’s CSS Virginia, which was rebuilt from the USS Merrimack. The battle took place over two days, and the Virginia destroyed many of the Union’s wooden ships. The next day, the two ironclads clashed at sea, and the Virginia was damaged. Neither side claimed victory in this battle, but the battle revealed the future of naval warfare http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=y. H 12 w Fnu. Uz. Y . Ironclad, steam-driven ships were at a decisive advantage against wooden sailing vessels.

Antietam Maryland September 17, 1862 The Battle of Antietam, also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg, was fought on September 16– 18, 1862. It was a confrontation between Union and Confederate forces under Generals George Mc. Clellan and Robert E. Lee. CICERO © 2010

Battle of Antietam • September 1862 General Lee took the offensive – Marched troops to DC – Union officer found a copy of Lee’s battle plans • Wrapped in three cigars

Battle of Antietam • General Mc. Clellan attacked Lee’s main forces at Antietam • 23, 000 union and Confederate soldiers were killed or wounded • Lee ordered his troops back • No clear winner at that battle • Lincoln replaced Mc. Clellan with General Ambrose Burnside • Federal armies brutalized the Confederacy; the combined General Mc. Clellan

General Burnside • The term sideburns comes from this man

RECAP • WHO WONTHE FOLLOWING – Sumter – Battle of Bull Run – Shiloh – 1 st Naval battle – Antietam

RECAP • Who are the major generals you have learned about so far? • How is the war going for the North so far?