Chapter 17 European Renaissance and Reformation 1300 1600

Chapter 17 European Renaissance and Reformation 1300 -1600 Section 1 Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance

Homework Alert Read Chapter 17 Section 1 **There will be a reading comprehension quiz tomorrow in class. **

An Age of Questions �During the late Middle Ages, Europeans suffered from war and plague �People began to question the Church and the structure of medieval society �People wanted to celebrate life and the human spirit �People looked at classical past for ideas Crash Course on the Renaissance

The Birthplace of the Renaissance � Renaissance (1300 -1600) � Explosion of creativity in Europe � Art, writing, and thought � “rebirth” – a rebirth of art and learning � Educated people hoped to bring back to life the cultures of Ancient Greece and Rome � The Renaissance began in Italy and spread north � Hit England France later because they were suffering from the Hundred Years’ War

Italy’s Advantages �Italy had 3 advantages that fostered the Renaissance: �cities and urban centers �wealthy merchant class �classical heritage

Cities and Urban Centers �Overseas trade started during the Crusades and led to the growth of large cities in Italy �As a result, Italy was urban while the rest of Europe was still mostly rural. �The plague allowed people to pursue new interests, such as art �The plague also caused a shortage of workers and allowed the survivors to expand their businesses

Wealthy Merchant Class �In Italian cities, merchants were the wealthiest and most powerful class, dominating politics �Becoming wealthy was based on achievements, not heritage �Ex. Florence’s Medici Family �Traders and bankers �Ruled Florence for years as dictators but gave the appearance of an elected government �Supported the arts

Classical Heritage �The Renaissance brought a desire to return to the teachings of ancient Greece and Rome �Many scholars studied Latin and studied Latin manuscripts that were preserved in monasteries.

Classical and Worldly Values �The study of classical works led to new ideas and values in Europe �Humanism �An intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements �Study of humanities = history, literature, and philosophy

Classical and Worldly Values �Enjoyment of life �One can enjoy life without offending God �The wealthy lived more luxuriously �Most people remained Catholic but the spirit of Renaissance society was secular, or worldly, rather than spiritual, and concerned with the here and now �Patrons of the Arts �People looked to beautify Rome �Patrons of the arts financially supported artists

Classical and Worldly Values �The Renaissance Man �The ideal individual strove to master almost every area of study �A man who excelled in many fields was praised as a “universal man” or a “Renaissance man” �Baldassare Castiglione wrote The Courtier, that taught how to become an Renaissance man. � Charming and witty � Well educated on classics � Dance, sing, play music, and write poetry � Skilled rider, wrestler, and swordsman

Classical and Worldly Values �Renaissance Women �Also addressed in The Courtier �Expected to know the classics and be charming, yet not expected to seek fame �Inspire art but rarely create it �Much better educated than women of the Middle Ages, but had little influence in politics

Classwork Alert Read “Analyzing Primary Documents” on page 473. Answer Document-Based Questions 1 and 2 In your notebook, copy down all terms and definitions in Sections 1 and 2. Page 477 Answer #s 2 -6

The Renaissance Revolutionized Art �As the Renaissance advanced, artistic styles changed. �Renaissance artists portrayed religious subjects, but they used a realistic style. �More realistic sculptures with natural postures and expressions � Ex. Donatello’s David �Roman painters used the technique of perspective, which shows three dimensions on a flat surface �Emphasis on individual led to portraits of prominent citizens

Perspective Marriage of the Virgin (1504) Raphael

Perspective School of Athens (1508) Raphael

Leonardo da Vinci �A true “Renaissance man” �Painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist �Interested in how things worked � How muscles moved �The Mona Lisa and The Last Supper studied the human body

Mona Lisa (1503 -1506) Leonardo da Vinci

The Last Supper, (1494 -1498) Leonardo da Vinci

The da Vinci Notebooks

Homework Alert! Write a 2 page compare and contrast essay: 1. Research a “Renaissance man” from the 1300 -1500 s. (Cannot be Leonardo da Vinci or Michelangelo) 2. Think of and research a contemporary “Renaissance man” from 2015. (ex. Bill Gates, Oprah, Donald Trump, etc. ) 3. After researching both people, write a compare and contrast essay: • Tell me why each of these people can be considered “Renaissance men. /women”. What have they done to earn this title? • What attributes did a person need to have in the 1300 -1500 s to be considered a “Renaissance man”? • What attributes does a person need to have today in order to be considered a “Renaissance man/woman”?

Renaissance Writers Change Literature �Some writers continued to write in the vernacular, or the everyday language of an area �Wrote for self-expression �Niccolo Machiavelli wrote “The Prince” as an examination of the imperfection of human beings �“The Prince” examines how a ruler can gain power and keep it in spite of his enemies

Chapter 17 European Renaissance and Reformation 1300 -1600 Section 2 The Northern Renaissance

Homework Alert Read Chapter 17 Section 2 **There will be a reading comprehension quiz tomorrow in class. **

The Northern Renaissance �By late 1400 s Renaissance ideas has spread to Northern Europe, especially England, France, Germany, and Flanders (now part of France and the Netherlands) �After the Hundred Years’ War cities in England France grew rapidly. �Merchants became wealthy and sponsored artists. �Due to northern traditions that were different from those in Italy, the Northern Renaissance developed its own

Artistic Ideas Spread �As Italian artists traveled north and as Northern European artists studied in Italy, the styles and techniques of the Italian Renaissance spread. �German artists Albrecht Durer �Studied in Italy �Religious subjects, classical myths, landscapes �Emphasis on realism

The Great Piece of Turf (1503) Albrecht Durer

Virgin and Child Before Archway (1495) Albrecht Durer

Artistic Ideas Spread �Flemish Renaissance painter – Jan van Eyck �Used new medium of oilbased paints to develop techniques that painters still use �Realistic details and personality of subjects

The Virgin of Chancellor Rolin (1435) Jan van Eyck

Arnolfini Wedding Portrait (1434) Jan van Eyck

Northern Writers Try to Reform Society �Northern humanists used Renaissance ideas to examine the traditional teachings of the Church. �Critical of the failure of the Christian Church to get people to live a Christian life �Started a movement called Christian humanism � Goal was to reform society and educate

Northern Writers Try to Reform Society �Desiderius Erasmus and Thomas More– Christian humanists �Erasmus – The Praise of Folly – poked fun a greedy merchants, quarrelsome scholar and pompous priests �More- Utopia – a better model of society where greed, corruption, and war have been weeded out � Utopia place – “no place”; and ideal

Classwork Alert 1. Read “Analyzing Art” on page 481 Answer “Skill Builder” Question 2. Answer “Man Ideas” #3 on page 485 3. Read “City Life in Renaissance Europe” on page 486487 Answer “Connect to Today” Questions #1 and 2

The Elizabethan Age �The Renaissance spread to England in the mid 1500 s �The period was known as the Elizabethan Age �Queen Elizabeth I reigned from 1558 -1603 �“Renaissance woman”: spoke 4 languages, ruled as Queen of England, poet, wrote music, and was a patron of the arts

The Elizabethan Age �The most famous writer of the Elizabethan Age was William Shakespeare �Wrote poems and plays that were performed at the Globe Theater in London �Drew on the classics for inspiration and plots �Showed deep understanding of human beings and examined human flaws �Tragedies: Macbeth, Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet �Comedies: A Midsummer’s Night Dream, The Taming of the Shrew

Printing Spreads Renaissance Ideas �Johann Gutenberg reinvented the Chinese moveable type in 1440 �printing press – a machine that presses paper against a tray full of inked moveable type �Made the process of printing books quicker and cheaper �Gutenberg printed a complete Bible, The Gutenberg Bible in 1455

Printing Spreads Renaissance Ideas �The printing press had a significant impact on European society �Able to print many more books in a short amount of time �Made books cheaper so the average person could buy them �New ideas spread more quickly � Religious books as well as many other subjects of the Renaissance

Printing Spreads Renaissance Ideas �The printing press had a significant impact on European society (continued) �Encouraged people to read � Literacy rates rose �Authors continued to write in the vernacular so that the average person could read � Printed the Bible in the vernacular so people could better understand scripture � This leads to reform in the Church