Chapter 17 1300 1600 European Renaissance and Reformation

Chapter 17: 1300 -1600 European Renaissance and Reformation CHAPTER 17: 1

Vocabulary I � Renaissance: Rebirth in art and learning � Humanism: Focused on human potential and achievement (God doesn’t help) � Secular: Separation of church � Patron: Supporter of artists � Vernacular: Native Language � Utopia: Thomas More’s ideal place � Johann Gutenberg: Invented the printing press

Vocabulary II � Indulgence: Religious pardon for sin � Reformation: Movement for reform of the Catholic Church � Lutheran: Martin Luther’s religious group � Protestant: All Christians who were non-Catholic � Annul: Remove a marriage � Anglican: Church of England

Vocabulary III �Theocracy: Government based on religious laws �Counter/Catholic Reformation: Catholic Church’s attempt to “reform” itself (Win back followers) �Council of Trent: Meeting to determine reforms in the Catholic Church

Italy: The Birthplace of the Renaissance 17: 1

Italy: The Birthplace of the Renaissance � Italy’s Advantages Trade Center � Italy had more trade contacts � Allowed for better exchanges of ideas Merchants and the Medici � Merchants aided the Renaissance by supporting the arts � Banker/Banking Family � Florence Classical Heritage � Copied the works of ancient Romans and Greeks = Classics

Classical and Worldly Values �Classical Texts lead to Humanism Focused on human potential and achievement, not Christianity What are we capable of? �Enjoyment of Worldly Pleasures Believed a person could enjoy life and still please God People became more concerned with life on earth rather than going to heaven

Renaissance Revolutionizes Art �New Techniques Sculpture and painting became lighter and had three dimensions Michelangelo: Most famous sculptor was created David, painted the Sistine Chapel, and designed St. Peter’s Basilica �Leonardo Da Vinci: Renaissance Man Studied all aspects of society, from flight to anatomy Famous paintings were Mona Lisa and The Last Supper

Michelangelo

Leonardo Da Vinci Tech

Renaissance Writers Change Literature � Petrarch and Dante Began to write in vernacular, or common language � Machiavelli Advises Rulers Wrote The Prince � which advised rulers how to keep power Was not concerned about what was best for people, but what was politically effective! Keep/Stay in Power

Printing Spreads Renaissance Ideas The Legacy of the Renaissance Printing Press �Chinese invented block- printing moveable type Chinese language had too many letters European languages have less characters � 13 th century block- printed arrived in Europe � 1440 Johann Gutenberg (Germany) 1 st Book: Bible �Changes in Art Classical Styles: Rome/Greece Secular Works Literature in Vernacular Style �Changes in Society Printing: More information Desire to learn Published maps Questioned political/religious structure

Main Idea Questions 1. What are some of the characteristics of the “Renaissance Man” or “Renaissance Women”? 2. How did Italy’s cities help to make it the birthplace of the Renaissance? 3. Explain the quote: “The ends justify the Means”?

Luther Leads the Reformation CHAPTER 17: 3

Luther Starts the Reformation �Causes of the Reformation Problems in the Catholic Church � Popes had a lot of money, and highly involved in politics � Monks and priests were poorly educated, and broke clerical vows Early Calls for Reform � Some people believed that Popes should not wield political power � Others said that the Bible had more authority than Church leaders

Luther Challenges the Church � Martin Luther Became upset at the selling of indulgences, which was money to pay for sins � 95 Thesis He wrote 95 statements attacking the practices of the Church Wittenberg, Germany His ideas based on three main beliefs: 1. 2. 3. People could only get to heaven by faith alone, not good works All Church teaching should be based on the Bible alone, not the Pope and Church traditions All people in faith were equal, priests were not needed

The Response to Luther �Opposition to Luther Was excommunicated by the Pope Edict of Worms (Declared M. L. an Outlaw) By 1522, Luther and his followers had become a separate church: Lutherans �Germany at War Charles V and Catholic Princes fought a war against northern Lutheran Princes After 20 years of fighting, Lutherans could not be forced back into the Church Peace of Augsburg was signed: religion in a German state was decided by the ruler

Divisions in Christianity

England Becomes Protestant � Henry VIII Wants a Son Wanted to divorce Queen Catherine to marry a younger queen Asked the Pope to annul, or cancel the marriage but the Pope refused (Power Struggle) � The Reformation Parliament In 1529, Parliament ended the power of the Pope in England – Act of Supremacy In 1534, the king was declared the head of the Church of England (Anglican Church)

Henry VIII �Consequences of Henry’s Changes Married several wives throughout his rule 3 Children: Mary, Elizabeth, Edward �Elizabeth Restores Protestantism Established a religion acceptable to both Protestants and Catholics Became one of England’s greatest rulers

The Main Idea Questions 1. What political, economic, and social factors helped bring about the Reformation? 2. From where did the term Protestantism originate? 3. How did Henry VIII challenge the Catholic Church? Why did he do it?

The Reform Continues CHAPTER 17: 4

The Reformation Continues � Calvin Begins Another Protestant Church John Calvin and his Teachings (Calvinism) Believed in predestination – God already knows who he has chosen to save Thought a theocracy was the ideal government � Theocracy leaders – control by religious � Calvinism Spreads Became official religion in Scotland, known as Presbyterians Many Protestant religions trace their roots to Calvinism

The Catholic Reformation �Ignatius of Loyola Founded the Jesuit order, dedicated to keep people loyal to Catholicism Society dedicated to three main goals 1. 2. 3. Founded religious schools Convert non-Christians to Catholicism Stop the spread of Protestantism

Reforming Popes �Reforming Popes Pope Paul III called church leaders together for the Council of Trent Decided on standard doctrine of the Catholic Church (The Council of Trent) 1. 2. Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final Need Faith and good works for salvation �The Legacy of the Reformation Catholic Church lost power, monarchs and nationstates gained power!!!! Led to religious wars between Catholics and Protestants

The Council of Trent Lasted From 15451563 � 4 Main Ideas 1. The Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final 2. The Bible and Church traditions have equal power 3. Indulgences were illegal 4. Christians need faith and good works for salvation �

Main Idea Questions 1. Why was the Counter Reformation important for Catholics? Why was it necessary? 1. What are some of the accomplishments of the Reforming Popes?