Approved Sugarcane Varieties Their Characteristics and Varietal Planning






















































- Slides: 54

Approved Sugarcane Varieties, Their Characteristics and Varietal Planning for High Sugar Recovery Dr Sanjeev Kumar Principal Scientist (Plant Breeding) Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow-226 002

Sugarcane Agro-climatic Zones in India Tropical Peninsular Zone Maharashtra, Karnataka. Kerala, Parts of Tamilnadu and Madhya Pradesh Sub Tropical East Coast Zone North West Zone North Central Zone North East Zone Andhra Pradesh, Coastal region of Tamilnadu and Odissa Central and Western part of UP, Uttarakhand, haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan Eastern Part of UP, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal Assam and other parts of NE States

Distribution of sugarcane area & production Sub-tropical Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Punjab and Haryana 67 % 62 % Zone Tropical State Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and Karnataka Area 33% Production 38 %

Origin of Sugarcane Saccharum Lineage Saccharum robustum Saccharum spontaneum Domestication Saccharum barberi Saccharum edule Saccharum officinarum Saccharum sinense

Phases of Sugarcane Breeding Based on breeding materials Type of progeny produced

1. Breeding of Noble canes to produce the Noble cultivars. 2. Breeding through noblization to produce noblized cultivars. 3. Breeding of noblized canes to produce hybrid cultvars. 4. Breeding hybrid canes to produce the current cultivar. 5. Breeding to Broaden the genetic base.

Breeding of Noble canes to produce the Noble cultivars. Open pollinated progenies selected from Noble canes (Saccharum officinarum) e. g. EK Seedling from Lahaina (Java) Q 813 from Badila (Australia) H 109 (Hawaii) B 716 (Barbados)

Breeding through noblization to produce noblized cultivars. “Noblization is the pollination of Noble canes with its wild relatives followed by repeated backcrosses to the noble cane. ’’ e. g. ‘Co’ Seedlings (Noblized Tri-species Hybrids) POJ 2878 (Proefstation Oost Java)

Breeding of noblized canes to produce hybrid cultvars Crossing among noblized canes in 1930 s NCo 310 (Co 421 x Co 312) selected in 1939. Co 419 (POJ 2878 x Co 312) for tropical India B 37161 and B 37172 in Barbados (1937)

Breeding hybrid canes to produce the current cultivar Commercial cultivars and hybrid canes have been main breeding materials for development of current cultivars. e. g. Co 1148, Co. S 767 and Co. J 64 for subtropical India Co. C 671, Co 740 and Co 86032 for tropical India

Current thrust areas in sugarcane breeding Breeding for high Sugar and cane yield Breeding for high fibre content and fibre quality for cogeneration, paper making. Breeding for tolerance to abiotic stresses Use of Erianthus for high yield and biomass Breeding for resistance/Tolerance to biotic stress Breeding for wide adaptation as well as specific adaptation

Steps in sugarcane breeding Establishment of parental gene pool Choice of parents Hybridization Raising of seedlings Selection and evaluation of clones Multilocation testing Varietal release and Notification

Sugarcane Flowering

SUGARCANE TRUE SEED

Inflorescence Cover

Pollen collection

Pollination

Seedling of Sugarcane Germinated seedling from true seed

Recommended Sugarcane Varieties North West Zone State Early Midlate U. P. , Uttarakhand , Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan Co 98014 (Karan-1), Co. H 92201, Co 0238, Co 0118, Co. S 96268 (Mithas), Co. S 95255 (Rachna), Co. Pk 05191, Co 05009 Co. Pant 90223, Co. S 91230, (Raseelee), Co. S 94270 (Shweta), Co. S 96275 (Sweety), Co. H 119, Co. J 20193, Co. Pant 97222, Co 0124, Co 05011, Co 06034

Recommended Sugarcane Varieties North Central and Eastern Zone State Early Midlate Eastern U. P. , Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Assam Co 87263 (Sarayu), Co BO 128 (Pramod), 87268 (Moti), Co (Rajbhog), Co 0233 (Kosi) 89029 (Gandak), Co. Se Co. P 09437 95422 (Rasbhari), Co. Se 96234 (Rashmi), Co. Se 96436 (Jalpari), Co. Lk 94184 (Birendra), Co 0232 (Kamal)

Recommended Sugarcane Varieties East Coast Zone State Andhra Paredesh, Orrisa, Tamilnadu Early Co. C 01061 Midlate Co 86249 (Bhavani)

Recommended Sugarcane Varieties Peninsular Zone State Early Midlate Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Kerala, Gujarat, M. P. Co 85004 (Prabha), Co 94008 (Shyama) Co 8371 (Bhima), Co 86032 (Nayana), Co 87025 (Kalyani), Co 87044 (Uttara), Co 91010 (Dhanush), Co. M 88121 (Krishna), Co 99004 (Damodar), Co 2001 -13 (Sulabh), Co 2001 -15 (Mangal)

Varietal Identification




Ligule Shape


Characteristic 26. Leaf sheath: shape of auricle 1 (fig. 1, 2 and 3) incipient ; 2 (fig. 4) deltoid; 3 (fig. 5) dentoid; 4 (fig. 6) unciform; 5 (fig. 7) calcarifrom ; 6 (fig. 8) lanceolate; 7 (fig. 9) falcate.

Auricle Shapes


Prominent Dewlap colour




Characteristic 5. Internode: shape As described by Artschwager (1940) 1 cylindrical 2 tumescent 3 bobbinshaped 4 conoidal 5 obconoidal 6 concave -convex


Bud Shape

Bud Shape









Pith


THICKNESS

COLOUR


Three-tier seed programme (for disease – free seed production) Nucleus Seed Moist hot air treatment (540 C for 2. 5 hours at 99% R. H. ) Breeder Seed (I year) Foundation Seed (II year) Certified Seed (III year)
