LINSEED OILSEEDS DIVISION DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COOPERATION FARMERS

LINSEED OILSEEDS DIVISION DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, COOPERATION & FARMERS’ WELFARE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE & FARMERS’ WELFARE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA KRISHI BHAWAN, NEW DELHI www. nmoop. gov. in

BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION Family : Linaceae Common Name : Alsi Scientific Name: Linum usitatissimum L. Origin: ü Small Seeded Type : South-western Asia comprising, India, Afghanistan and Turkey ü Bold seeded type : Mediterranean region including Asia Minor, Egypt, Algeria, Spain, Italy and Greece

SEASON AND CLIMATE Ø Linseed is a winter season crop Ø Requires moderate temperature(21 -270 C) during vegetative and reproductive phase Ø High temperature (>320 C) with moisture stress during flowering stage reduces seed yield Ø Cultivated in 4 agro-climatic zones of India

CROP DESCRIPTION Ø Linseed is an annual, glabrous plant having one to many stems Ø Seeds are ovate and brown or yellow in colour Ø Two distinct morphological seed types and Dual Purpose types are recognized Ø Linseed fiber is valued for its fine quality

GLOBAL SCENARIO • Linseed is cultivated in more than 50 countries • Grown on an area of 24. 09 lakh ha (Av: 2012 -15) • Average production is 23. 09 lakh tonne (Av: 2012 -15) • Average productivity is 930 kg/ha (Av: 2012 -15)

AREA, PRODUCTION AND YIELD OF MAJOR LINSEED GROWING COUNTRIES (A-Area in lakh ha; P-Production in lakh MT; Y-Yield in kg/ha) Sr. Country No Area Production Yield 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 - 2014 -13 -14 -15 -13 14 15 1 Canada 3. 84 4. 22 6. 21 4. 89 7. 31 8. 72 1272 2 Russia 5. 58 4. 38 4. 42 3. 69 3. 26 3. 93 3 China 3. 18 3. 13 3. 1 3. 99 4 India 4. 31 3. 38 3. 6 1. 52 1. 47 1. 41 5 USA 1. 36 0. 73 1. 26 1. 47 6 Ethiopia 1. 28 0. 96 0. 82 1. 22 World 1731 1405 661 743 890 3. 5 1228 1275 1129 353 435 392 0. 82 1. 62 1083 1123 1285 0. 88 0. 83 955 920 1010 25. 72 22. 97 26. 01 20. 62 22. 99 25. 65 802 1001 986 Source: Oilseeds Statistics: A Compendium - 2015, ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad

AVERAGE AREA (LAKH HA) OF MAJOR LINSEED GROWING COUNTRIES (2012 -15) 1. 12 1. 02 4. 76 Canada Russia China India USA Ethiopia 3. 76 3. 14 4. 79

AVERAGE PRODUCTION (LAKH MT) OF MAJOR LINSEED GROWING COUNTRIES (2012 -15) 1. 30 0. 98 Canada 1. 47 6. 97 Russia China India 3. 80 USA 3. 63 Ethiopia

NATIONAL SCENARIO Ø Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Bihar, Maharashtra, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and Assam are major linseed growing States in the country Ø Area under linseed cultivation has remained almost static between 2. 85 to 2. 98 lakh ha (2013 -14 to 2015 -16) Ø Productivity of linseed has declined from 541 kg/ha (2014 -15) to 442 kg/ha (2015 -16)

AREA, PRODUCTION AND YIELD OF LINSEED IN INDIA (AVERAGE 2013 -16) Sr. No. (A-Area in lakh ha; P-Production in lakh MT; Y-Yield in Ql/ha) State A P Y 1 Assam 0. 06 0. 04 6. 71 2 Bihar 0. 18 0. 15 8. 55 3 Chhattisgarh 0. 28 0. 10 3. 71 4 Jharkhand 0. 26 0. 16 6. 12 5 Karnataka 0. 20 0. 16 3. 33 6 Madhya Pradesh 1. 12 0. 57 5. 03 7 Maharashtra 0. 24 0. 05 2. 18 8 Odisha 0. 19 0. 09 4. 79 9 Uttar Pradesh 0. 23 0. 11 4. 75 10 West Bengal 0. 07 0. 02 3. 17 All India 2. 92 1. 43 4. 89 * Fourth Advance Estimates (2015 -16) Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare, New Delhi.

AREA, PRODUCTION AND YIELD OF LINSEED IN INDIA 6 5 4 2013 -14 3 2014 -15 2 2015 -16 1 0 Area (lakh ha) Production (lakh MT) Yield (ql/ha)

STATEWISE AVERAGE AREA (2013 -14 TO 2015 -16) UNDER LINSEED IN LAKH HA 0. 07 0. 06 Assam Bihar 0. 18 0. 23 Chhattisgarh 0. 28 0. 19 Jharkhand 0. 24 0. 26 Karnataka Madhya Pradesh 0. 05 1. 12 Maharashtra Odisha Uttar Pradesh West Bengal

STATE WISE AVERAGE PRODUCTION (2013 -14 TO 2015 -16) OF LINSEED IN LAKH MT 0. 02 0. 04 0. 11 0. 05 0. 11 Assam Bihar 0. 15 0. 10 Chhattisgarh Jharkhand 0. 16 Karnatka Madhya Pradesh 0. 57 0. 16 Maharashtra Odisha Uttar Pradesh West Bengal

STATEWISE AVERAGE YIELD (2013 -14 TO 2015 -16) OF LINSEED IN KG/HA 317 671 475 479 855 218 371 503 333 612 Andhra Pradesh Assam Chhattisgarh Gujarat Jharkhand Karnataka Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Odisha West Bengal

POTENTIAL STATES AND DISTRICTS OF LINSEED Sr. No. 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 State Bihar District Araria Aurangabad Chhattisgarh Rajnandgaon Surjuga Madhya Pradesh Anuppur Balaghat Chhatarpur Dindori Mandla Rewa Seoni Sidhi Umaria Odisha Keonjhar Nabarangpur Avg area 2011 -14 (000 ha) 2. 00 5. 33 3. 00 4. 00 14. 67 7. 67 5. 00 6. 00 10. 67 8. 33 5. 00 3. 33 2. 33 Source: Oilseeds Statistics: A Compendium - 2015, ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research Hyderabad

YIELD GAP UNDER FLDs Ø FLDs conducted by ICAR institutes including SAUs (rabi 2013 -14) indicates a yield gap ofü 43 -231% over State Average Yield (Irrigated condition) ü 3 -243% over State Average Yield( rainfed condition) ü 48 -106% over State Average Yield (Utera condition) Ø Factors contributing to low yield ü Limited choice of high yielding varieties ü Low seed replacement rate ü Low input application

STATEWISE YIELD GAP UNDER FLDs Yield (kg/ha) Bihar Chhattisgarh Madhya Pradesh Uttar Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Karnataka Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Odisha Uttar Pradesh Chhattisgarh Odisha Uttar Pradesh SAY FLD Rabi 2013 -14 (Irrigated) 850 1217 424 640 498 1575 385 1273 Rabi 2013 -14 (Rainfed) 643 745 850 876 424 615 333 589 498 1150 258 882 478 780 385 878 Rabi 2012 -13 (Utera) 424 398 478 710 385 794 Yield gap (%) 43 51 216 231 16 3 45 77 131 242 63 128 State 48 106

STATE WISE INTERCROPPING SYSTEMS IN LINSEED State Uttar Pradesh (Excluding Bundelkhand) Situation Rainfed Irrigated Bundelkhand of Uttar Pradesh Rainfed Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh Bihar and Jharkhand Rainfed West Bengal Irrigated Maharashtra and Karnataka Rainfed Punjab and H. P. Rainfed Irrigated Rainfed Intercropping system Linseed + Chickpea/Lentil (3 : 1 or I : 3) Linseed + Wheat (4: 2), Linseed + Mustard (5: 1) Linseed + Potato (3: 3) Linseed + Chickpea/Lentil (3: 1 or 1: 3) Linseed + Wheat (1: 3) Linseed + Chickpea (3: I ) Linseed + Chickpea (3: 1 Linseed + Mustard (5: 1) Linseed + Mustard (S: l ) Linseed + Potato (3: 3) Linseed + Chickpea (3: 1 or 1: 3) Linseed + Safflower (Different row ratio) Linseed + Chickpea (3: 1) Linseed + Mustard (5: 1) Linseed + Wheat (4: 2)

PREFERRED VARIETIES OF LINSEED BY FARMERS State Madhya Pradesh Chattisgarh Uttar Pradesh Bihar Jharkhand Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan Bihar Jharkhand Varieties Less than 10 years old varieties Indira Alsi-32, Kartika, Suyog, Azad Alsi-1 RLC 92, Deepika, Kartika, Indira Alsi-32, Sharda, Azad Alsi-1, Ruchi Shival, Ruchi, Azad Alsi-1 More than 10 years old varieties JLS 9, Padmini, Parvati J 552, Padmini Shekhar, Padmini, Parvati, Garima, Shikha Meera Shekhar, Parvati, Shikha Shekhar, T-397, Padmini, Sweta, Shubhra

PACKAGE AND PRACTICES • Linseed crop is cultivated under three eco -systemsü Utera system ü Rainfed ecosystem ü Irrigated ecosystem • Dual Purpose Linseed: Grown in Kangra district of HP, Indo-Gangetic plains and irrigated areas of Bundelkhand of UP, Tawa command area of MP and Kota command area of Rajasthan

PACKAGE AND PRACTICES (contd) Sowing Time: • Time of sowing varies from State to State • Optimum sowing period is from first fortnight of October to first fortnight of November Seed Rate: • 25 -30 kg /ha under rainfed/irrigated sowing • 45 -50 kg/ha for Dual Purpose (DP) sowing • 50 -60 kg/ha under Utera broadcasting method Spacing: • 20 -25 cm is optimum spacing under rainfed / irrigated conditions

PACKAGE AND PRACTICES (contd) Fertilizer Application: • Fertilizer dose of 40 kg/ha N and 20 kg P is recommended under rainfed conditions • 60 -80 kg/ha N and 30 kg P is recommended under irrigated conditions • 80 kg/ha N and 30 kg P is recommended under Dual Purpose sowing • 20 kg/ha N is recommended under Utera system

PACKAGE AND PRACTICES (contd) Plant Protection: • Two fortnightly sprays of Spinosad 45 EC (0. 015%) reduces bud fly infestation which enhances seed yield up to 63% • Two applications of neem based commercial formulation containing Azadirachtin 300 ppm also reduces bud fly infestation

MSP AND EXPORT Ø Linseed is not covered under Minimum Support Price (MSP) and no procurement is carried out. Ø Year wise quantity and value of linseed exported during last 3 years is as under: Year Quantity Value (‘ 000 tonne) (Rs. in crore) 2013 -14 0. 056 0. 28 2014 -15 0. 556 3. 50 2015 -16 0. 208 1. 21

NUTRITIVE VALUE Ø Richest source of lenolenic (18: 3) poly-unsaturated fatty acid (35 -60%), which has quick drying property Ø Best source of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids Ø Seeds have high medicinal value in control of cardiovascular, cancerous, diabetic and rheumatic arthritis diseases Ø Roasted seeds of linseeds are used in various food preparations in different parts of the country Ø Linseed oil is largely used in paint and varnish industry

RESEARCHABLE ISSUES Ø Development of short duration and heat tolerant high yielding varieties of linseed particularly for rice fallows Ø Development of location specific integrated crop management practices Ø Development of eco-friendly IPM technologies Ø Development of varieties/technologies for utera cultivation Ø Evolving dual purpose varieties

ISSUES / ACTIONABLE POINTS Ø Promoting High Yielding Varieties suitable for low productivity States Ø Suitable production technology for utera cultivation and dual purpose type varieties needs to be developed by ICAR / SAUs Ø Less than 10 year old varieties may be popularized by States Ø Development of IPM modules by ICAR / SAUs Ø Covering linseed under MSP and assured procurement Ø Promoting export to developing countries for its health benefits

Thanks