ALLEGORY A STORY POEM OR PICTURE THAT CAN

ALLEGORY A STORY, POEM, OR PICTURE THAT CAN BE INTERPRETED TO REVEAL A HIDDEN MEANING, TYPICALLY A MORAL OR POLITICAL ONE. SYNONYMS: METAPHOR, ANALOGY,

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ALLEGORY AND SYMBOLISM • ALTHOUGH AN ALLEGORY USES SYMBOLS, IT IS DIFFERENT FROM SYMBOLISM. AN ALLEGORY IS A COMPLETE NARRATIVE (STORY) WHICH INVOLVES CHARACTERS, AND EVENTS THAT STAND FOR AN ABSTRACT IDEA OR AN EVENT. • A SYMBOL, ON THE OTHER HAND, IS AN OBJECT THAT STANDS FOR ANOTHER OBJECT GIVING IT A PARTICULAR MEANING. UNLIKE ALLEGORY, SYMBOLISM DOES NOT TELL A STORY.

LITERARY DEVICES USED IN ALLEGORIES (4 MIN) TAKE NOTES! HTTP: //ALLEGORY. HAPPYKIDSSCHOOL. COM. TW/H OME/MODULE 2/WHAT-IS-ALLEGORY

MAUS • WHILE ALLEGORIES USE METAPHOR, SYMBOLISM, PERSONIFICATION, AND OTHER LITERARY DEVICES TO DELIVER THEIR MESSAGE, THESE DEVICES ARE NOT BY THEMSELVES AN ALLEGORY. TAKE MAUS FOR EXAMPLE.

MAUS SUMMARY • MAUS TAKES PLACE DURING TWO DIFFERENT PERIODS IN TIME. THE PRESENT TIME IN FLORIDA FRAMES THE STORY OF THE PAST. IN THE PRESENT, ART INTERACTS WITH HIS FATHER, VLADEK. FROM THESE INTERACTIONS, THE STORY MOVES TO THE PAST AS VLADEK RECOUNTS HIS EXPERIENCES AS A JEW IN GERMAN-OCCUPIED POLAND. THE SECOND PART OF THE STORY DESCRIBES VLADEK'S LIFE IN THE CONCENTRATION

• MAUS IS AN EXAMPLE OF AN EXTENDED VISUAL METAPHOR WHERE THE ARTIST USES ANIMAL CHARACTERS TO COMMUNICATE HIDDEN MEANINGS ABOUT DIFFERENT RACIAL GROUPS TO TELL A HOLOCAUST SURVIVAL STORY. IT IS A BRILLIANT USE OF SYMBOLISM AND METAPHOR OVER THE COURSE OF AN ENTIRE STORY, BUT IT IS NOT AN ALLEGORY BECAUSE IT USES REAL EVENTS, REAL PLACES, AND REAL CHARACTERS. TAKE AWAY THE ART, THE DRAWINGS OF THE ANIMALS, AND THE STORY IS A BIOGRAPHY OF A HOLOCAUST SURVIVOR AND HIS SON.

EXAMPLES: • SYMBOL • ALLEGORY

FUNCTION OF ALLEGORY • WRITERS USE ALLEGORY TO ADD DIFFERENT LAYERS OF MEANINGS TO THEIR WORKS. ALLEGORY MAKES THEIR STORIES AND CHARACTERS MULTIDIMENSIONAL, SO THAT THEY STAND FOR SOMETHING LARGER IN MEANING THAN WHAT THEY LITERALLY STAND FOR. ALLEGORY ALLOWS WRITERS TO PUT FORWARD THEIR MORAL AND POLITICAL POINT OF VIEWS. A CAREFUL STUDY OF AN ALLEGORICAL PIECE OF WRITING CAN GIVE US AN INSIGHT INTO ITS WRITER’S MIND AS HOW HE VIEWS THE WORLD AND HOW HE WISHES THE WORLD TO BE.

LITERAL VS. ALLEGORICAL • WHEN YOU READ A STORY, YOU CAN READ IT MANY WAYS. • YOU CAN READ IT LITERALLY. THIS MEANS YOU DON'T LOOK FOR ANY HIDDEN MEANINGS OR SYMBOLS. YOU READ OF MICE AND MEN, AND IT IS JUST A STORY ABOUT MIGRANT WORKERS AND THE LONELINESS OF THAT LIFESTYLE. • IF YOU READ SOMETHING ALLEGORICALLY, YOU ARE LOOKING FOR HIDDEN MEANINGS FROM THE AUTHOR. FOR EXAMPLE, GEORGE IS THE COMPASSIONATE PEOPLE IN SOCIETY, CANDY IS ALL THE ELDERLY THAT FEEL WORTHLESS AND CROOKS IS THE MINORITIES DISCRIMINATED AGAINST. YEAH, AND THAT RANCH ISN’T A RANCH, BUT A THE WHOLE HUMAN SOCIETY WE LIVE IN. • WHEN YOU START READING A STORY THAT WAY, YOU'VE FOUND AN ALLEGORY!

TORTOISE AND HARE

ANT AND THE GRASSHOPPER HTTPS: //WWW. YOUTUBE. COM/WATCH? V=RIP Q 9 JJNW 1 C

THE GIVING TREE

DR. SEUSS- WROTE CHILDREN’S BOOKS. INCLUDED ALLEGORIES AND THEMES. RESEARCH AND KNOW EACH OF THE FOLLOWING FOR THE QUIZ! CHOOSE FROM: THE SNEETCHES, HORTON HEARS A WHO, THE LORAX, YERTLE THE TURTLE AND • COLD WAR BUTTER BATTLE BOOK • CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT AND FREEDOM RIDES • POSTWAR JAPAN, 1940 S • DAMAGE DONE TO EARTH’S NATURAL RESOURCES • WWII • REVIEW HANDOUT- “YERTLE THE TURTLE” AND “THE SNEETCHES”

PLATO- “AGE OF WISDOM” AND ENLIGHTENMENT 428 -347 BC (80 YRS OLD) • PHILOSOPHER • ATHENS, GREECE • PARABLE: A SIMPLE STORY USED TO ILLUSTRATE A MORAL OR SPIRITUAL LESSON • SYNONYM- ALLEGORY • ENLIGHTENED VS UNENLIGHTENED • ANNOTATE THE SYMBOLISM CHART FROM PPT TO THE TEXT OF PLATO’S “ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE”

AYN RAND’S ANTHEM-ALLEGORY • “WE RUBBED OUR EYES, FOR WE COULD NOT SEE. THEN OUR EYES BECAME USED TO THE DARKNESS, BUT WE COULD NOT BELIEVE WHAT WE SAW” (32). • EQUALITY’S AWARENESS PARALLELS THE AWARENESS OF THE PEOPLE IN THE CAVE THAT HAVE LIVED IN DARKNESS FOR SO LONG.

FAHRENHEIT 451 • � WHAT SIMILARITIES DO YOU SEE BETWEEN THE WORLD IN WHICH WE LIVE TODAY AND THE WORLD DEPICTED BY RAY BRADBURY IN THE NOVEL FAHRENHEIT 451? DO YOU AGREE WITH BRADBURY THAT OUR USE OF TECHNOLOGY IS “DUMBING US DOWN”, MAKING US IGNORANT AND EASILY MANIPULATED, AND SENDING US TOWARDS OUR RUIN? ANALYZE THE WAY IN WHICH FAHRENHEIT 451 IS RELATED OR SIMILAR TO OUR SOCIETY TODAY. IN WHAT WAYS IS OUR SOCIETY INFLUENCED OR EVEN CONTROLLED BY THE MEDIA AND/OR THE GOVERNMENT? DO DIFFERENT FORMS OF MEDIA (T. V. , MOVIES, RADIO, MAGAZINES, NEWSPAPERS, ETC. ) HAVE AN INFLUENCE OVER THE WAY PEOPLE THINK AND ACT (“FREE SPEECH FOR SALE”)? HOW DO THESE FORMS OF MEDIA CONTROL THE ACTIONS OF THE MEMBERS OF OUR SOCIETY? IN OTHER WORDS, IS OUR SOCIETY IN DANGER OF BECOMING THE WORLD DEPICTED IN THE NOVEL? WHY OR WHY NOT? SELECT THE MOST IMPORTANT SIMILARITIES AND NOT TRIVIAL AND INCIDENTAL SIMILARITIES. • • � COMPARE FAHRENHEIT 451 TO PLATO’S “THE ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE”. DO YOU AGREE WITH PLATO AND BRADBURY’S BELIEF THAT ONLY A VERY FEW CAN EVER ACHIEVE INTELLECTUAL ENLIGHTENMENT AND THAT THESE FEW ARE THE ONLY PEOPLE FIT TO RULE US? HOW IS MONTAG ON A QUEST FOR KNOWLEDGE? DESCRIBE THREE WAYS IN WHICH PLATO’S “ALLEGORY…” CAN BE COMPARED TO BRADBURY’S NOVEL. HOW DOES THE

PRIMAVERA INTERPRETATION • THE GROUP OF MYTHOLOGICAL FIGURES IN THE NATURE SETTING TO REPRESENT THE IDEA OF THE BIRTH OF SPRING, WHILE SOME SUGGEST THAT THE WORK STANDS AS A METAPHOR FOR THE IDEA OF A NEOPLATONIC LOVE (ACCORDING TO NEO PLATONIC VIEWS, LOVE IS THE MAIN THING THAT BINDS ALL THINGS TOGETHER. AS MUCH AS THE CONCEPT WAS BASED ON THE EMOTION OF LOVE AND THAT IT CAN SUSTAIN ALL, THE FACT THAT HUMAN BEINGS ARE FUNDAMENTALLY SOCIAL IS ALSO CLEARLY BROUGHT UP IN THE CONCEPT. ) • WHAT ELSE HIDES IN THE CENTRAL VENUS FIGURE STANDING UNDERNEATH HER ARCH? IT IS ABOUT THIS URGE TO EXPLORE ALL THE ELEMENTS, WHICH BUILD THE COMPOSITION; IT IS IN THE SEARCH FOR A NEW MEANING THAT THE BEAUTY OF ALLEGORY IS UNVEILED.

PLATO’S ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE (6: 16)

COPY DIAGRAM

COPY INTERPRETATION OF ALLEGORY

GROUP WORK- STORIES TO FOLLOW… • IN NOTES, FIND THE LITERAL AND ALLEGORICAL MEANINGS BEHIND THE FOLLOWING TWO NARRATIVES: 1) GOLDILOCKS AND THE 3 BEARS 2) LITTLE RED RIDING HOOD 3) 3 LITTLE PIGS

GOLDILOCKS AND THE 3 BEARS

LITTLE RED RIDING HOOD

3 LITTLE PIGS

OF MICE AND MEN AS AN ALLEGORY • REVIEW EACH MAIN CHARACTER AND WHAT THEY SYMBOLIZE… *CURLEY AND HIS WIFE, CANDY, CROOKS, GEORGE, LENNIE • NOW LOOK AT THEIR SYMBOLS, WHAT OVERALL DO THEY ALL TOGETHER SYMBOLIZE? THIS IS THE ALLEGORY…STEINBECK’S VIEW ON THE WORLD AND HOW IT SHOULD BE.

LORD OF THE FLIES AND ALLEGORY • THE ISLAND REPRESENTS THE WORLD • EACH BOY REPRESENTS A WORLD LEADER • THE EVENTS ON THE ISLAND REPRESENT WWII AND THE EVENTUAL LONG-LASTING COLD WAR BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE US

WWII • INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT INVOLVING 61 COUNTRIES AND MOBILIZED OVER 100 MILLION PEOPLE IN MILITARY EFFORTS • WAR RESULTED IN 55 MILLION DEAD AND COST OVER ONE TRILLION DOLLARS • USA EMERGED FROM THE WAR AS THE MOST POWERFUL NATION

WWII (CONT’D) • AXIS VS. ALLIED POWERS • ALLIED POWERS (USA, GREAT BRITAIN AND RUSSIA/SOVIET UNION) LEADERS: USA (FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT), GREAT BRITAIN (WINSTON CHURCHILL), RUSSIA/SOVIET (JOSEPH STALIN) • AXIS POWERS (MOSTLY GERMANY BUT ITALY ALSO)

WWII (FINISHED) • ALLIED POWERS WON THE WAR • SINCE USA HAD THE MOST WEAPON/SUCCESS/MILITARY PRESENCE AND CAME OUT THE MOST POWERFUL NATION WITHIN THE ALLIED POWERS, THIS LED INTO THE COLD WAR BETWEEN BOTH NATIONS (USA AND SOVIET/RUSSIA) • THE COLD WAR WAS “COLD” SINCE THERE WAS LITTLE TO NO FIGHTING. IT WAS OVER INTELLIGENCE AND

LORD OF THE FLIES AND CHARACTERS • EACH CHARACTER REPRESENTS A WORLD LEADER FROM THE WWII/COLD WAR ALL THE BOYS REPRESENT HUMANITY RALPH- ROOSEVELT JACK AND ROGER- HITLER AND MUSSOLINI

QUIZ THIS FRIDAY ON NOTES WE’VE TAKEN SO FAR • YOU CAN USE YOUR NOTES; HOWEVER, KNOW AND UNDERSTAND WHAT YOU’VE WRITTEN DOWN. • MAKE SURE TO RESEARCH THE PREVIOUS TOPICS. • KNOW EACH EXAMPLE OF ALLEGORY WE’VE REVIEWED THIS WEEK. • THE QUIZ WILL TAKE ABOUT 45 MINUTES ON FRIDAY.