Aim Why and how did Europeans colonize Africa

Aim: Why and how did Europeans colonize Africa in the late 1800 s? DO NOW: • What is imperialism? • How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to the New Economic Imperialism of the late 1800 s? (hint: what would Europeans need more of? ) • Who were the “Imperial” powers? • What areas were sought after? (geographic areas)

BEFORE WE CONTINUE, WHAT DO YOU ALREADY KNOW ABOUT “AFRICA”? • Create an AFRICA REVIEW chart • GEOGRAPHY/CLIMATE • EARLY HISTORY/CULTURE • EARLY CONTACTS WITH EUROPEANS

AFRICA REVIEW GEOGRAPHY/CLIMATE • Varied geography • Deserts • Rainforest • Savannahs • Plateaus/mountains • Tropical climate • Great Rift Valley • Natural resources? • Geographic diversity leads to…. • challenges

AFRICA REVIEW EARLY HISTORY • Early civilizations • Nile – Egypt • Diverse cultures • Early Kingdoms and Empires • Axum, Kush • Ghana, Mali • Trade and agriculture • Spread of Islam • Kingdoms, empires, and civilization existed before the arrival of Europeans

Aim: Why and how did Europeans colonize Africa in the late 1800 s? DO NOW: • How did Africa’s geography contribute to the continent’s cultural diversity? • What evidence is there that Africa is culturally diverse? (What culture trait? ) • Did the African continent have great civilizations, kingdoms, and empires prior to the arrival of Europeans? • How was Islam introduced to the African continent?

AFRICA REVIEW EARLY CONTACTS WITH EUROPEANS • North Africa • All water route to India (spice trade) • Late 1400 s • Diaz and da Gama • Trade posts • Slave trade • Dutch settled in Cape Town in 1600 s (South Africa)

EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM IN AFRICA SEE HANDOUT

WHITE MAN’S BURDEN by Rudyard Kipling Take up the White Man's burden-Send forth the best ye breed-Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child.

Aim: Why and how did Europeans colonize Africa in the late 1800 s? DO NOW: • TURN TO NOTES FROM YESTERDAY • When did Europeans first explore the African continent on their own? • Why were Europeans interested in colonizing Africa in the late 1800 s? (economic, political, cultural) • According to Rudyard Kipling, what was the “White Man’s Burden”?

Aim: How did European Imperialism influence the African continent? DO NOW: 1. What was the “Scramble for Africa? 2. What reasons did Europeans have for colonizing Africa? 3. What did Kipling mean by the “White Man’s Burden”? 4. Why did African attempts at resistance fail? 5. What was the significance of the Berlin Conference?

Aim: How did European Imperialism influence the African continent? NEW POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC SYSTEMS • European traditions and codes of law replace African customs (ie. – consensus) • Colonial governments – direct or indirect rule • Economics – exploit for mineral resources and raw materials • Cash crops • Money economy (no more barter) • Leave home for jobs

Aim: How did European Imperialism influence the African continent? MATERIAL IMPROVEMENTS • Transportation/communication systems improved • Why? – to facilitate economic and political goals • Roads, railroads – move raw materials from interior to the coast • Telegraph lines – improve communication within continent • Other improvements – hospitals, medical care, sanitation, water systems, • Control disease

Aim: How did European Imperialism influence the African continent? CURRENTS OF CHANGE • • • Improve schooling Elementary schools built European history/culture Basic skills Secondary schools (few) Elite Africans – European schooling (college ed. ) • limited job opportunities • Conform • Some challenge British authority – reclaim heritage

AIM: WAS EUROPEAN RULE IN AFRICA MORE OF A HELP OR A HINDRANCE? DO NOW: • TAKE OUT YESTERDAY’S NOTES 1. How did British and French colonial governments in Africa differ? 2. What economic impact (usage) did European rule have on the African continent? 3. What material improvements did European rule (imperialism) bring to the African continent?

AIM: WAS EUROPEAN RULE IN AFRICA MORE OF A HELP OR A HINDRANCE? MORE OF A HELP • ? • ? MORE OF A HINDRANCE • ? • ?

Resolved: that European rule in Africa was more of a help than a hindrance? Write a well-developed paragraph in which you either DEFEND or REFUTE the resolution.

Aim: How has the geography and early history of the Indian subcontinent influenced the region’s development? DO NOW: CREATE INDIA REVIEW CHART BRAINSTORM WHAT DO YOU ALREADY KNOW ABOUT INDIA? • Geography/Climate • Early History/Culture • Religious traditions • 1 st European contacts

INDIA REVIEW GEOGRAPHY/CLIMATE • Indo-Gangetic plain • Indus and Ganges rivers • Himalayas • Hindu Kush • Deccan plateau • Ghat mountain ranges • Effect of diverse geography • monsoons

INDIA REVIEW EARLY HISTORY AND CULTURE • Indus River Valley Civilization • Pattern of migration and invasion • Maurya and Gupta dynasties • Mughal Empire • Cultural diversity

INDIA REVIEW RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS • Hinduism - dominant • Polytheistic • Caste system • Reincarnation • Kharma and dharma • Islam • Buddhism • Sikhism

INDIA REVIEW 1 st CONTACT WITH EUROPEANS • Spice trade • Portuguese • Dutch • French • British

Aim: How has the geography and early history of the Indian subcontinent influenced the region’s development? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What effect did the Himalayas have on India’s development? How has India’s diverse geography influenced the cultural development of the subcontinent? Where did India’s first civilization emerge? (near what geographic features) Why? Why does the traditional practice of Hinduism reinforce a rigid social class system? Why were Europeans first interested in making contacts with India?

Aim: How did British rule affect India? BEGINNINGS • • Who was 1 st? Portuguese Dutch French British Why? Spices

Aim: How did British rule affect India? MUGHAL EMPERORS • Early trade: 1600 s - East India Company cotton, tea, silk • Struggle for power - at first Mughals looked down on Europeans • 1700 s – changes – Mughals decline and disunity comes about • British and French compete for influence • British win by 1760

Aim: How did British rule affect India? Summary (Paragraph): Why were the British able to take over and eventually colonize India?

Aim: How did British rule affect India? EAST INDIA COMPANY • • • Robert Clive Led British forces against French Set up law codes and court system Power to collect taxes Took land Ruled directly or indirectly

Flag of British East India Company

Aim: How did British rule affect India? BRITISH RULE • • • Takes steps to limit East India Company The Sepoy Rebellion (1857) Why? Atrocities committed by both sides India becomes a British colony officially in 1858 • Ruled directly and indirectly • Distrust of British

Sepoy Rebellion (Mutiny)

Massacre at Cawnpore

Aim: How did British rule affect India? INDIAN NATIONALISM • • • Strongest among British educated elite Hindu nationalism prevails INC – 1885 Gradual change After WWI, more forceful stand against British 1920 s – Mohandas Gandhi becomes leader

Indian National Congress created in 1885

Aim: How did British rule affect India? EFFECTS OF BRITISH RULE • Material improvements: roads, RRs, telegraph lines, schools, hospitals • Economic -market for British goods -Discourage local Indian industries – cash crops -raw materials -by 1850, Indians had many grievances

Aim: How did British rule affect India? DO NOW: 1. Why were the British able to take over and colonize India? 2. What is the significance of the Sepoy Rebellion (1857)? 3. What is the INC? What did it hope to achieve? 4. What was the economic effect of British rule on India?

Aim: How did British rule affect India? EFFECTS OF BRITISH RULE • SOCIAL -improved health care -Sanitary conditions improve -urbanization increases -more schools and colleges -try to reduce some Hindu influences -tension between westernization and traditional Indian culture – why? -sati, purdah, certain caste practices

Ritual of Sati

Aim: How did British rule affect India? EFFECTS OF BRITISH RULE • POLITICAL -British rule (both direct and indirect) -laws, courts, taxes based upon British codes -Indians lack a “voice” in their own land

SUMMARY: Was British rule more helpful or harmful to the development of India? HELPFUL • ? HARMFUL • ?

Was British rule more helpful or harmful to the development of India? HELP HINDRANCE • Transportation improves • Communication improves • Education improves • Literacy rates increase • Healthcare improves • Sanitation, sewage, and water treatment introduced • English language provides source of unity • Lost control of own land • Economically exploited • Domestic industries discouraged • Some Hindu practices discouraged and/or outlawed • British were ethnocentric and showed a lack of respect for certain Indian traditions

Aim: European Imperialism of the late 1800 s SUMMARY QUESTIONS: 1. 2. 3. Why did Europeans first establish contact with India? Why did Mughal rulers have difficulty maintaining a unified India? What was the outcome of this disunity? What is the significance of the Sepoy Rebellion (1857)? (What was it and how did it affect British-Indian relations? )

Aim: European Imperialism of the late 1800 s MORE SUMMARY QUESTIONS: 4. Were the British correct in their attempt to limit the practice of sati, purdah, and discriminatory caste practices in colonial India? 5. What was Indian Nationalism? 6. What were the effects of British rule on India? (See yesterday’s handout)

GROUP ACTIVITY • Form a group of 2 -3 members • Choose a topic concerning European Imperialism • Suggestions include: the Scramble for Africa, “White Man’s Burden”, Berlin Conference, motives of New “Economic” Imperialism”, effect of Imperialism (help/hindrance), Sepoy Rebellion, British effort to eliminate certain practices of Hinduism • Create a political cartoon, poster (web), poem, or letter to the editor that illustrates an understanding the topic you have selected. • THIS ASSIGNMENT WILL COUNT TOWARDS YOUR TEST/QUIZ AVERAGE. (PRIZE FOR BEST!!)

Suggestions: • • the Scramble for Africa The Berlin Conference “White Man’s Burden” motives of “New Economic” Imperialism” • effect of Imperialism (help/hindrance) • Sepoy Rebellion • British effort to eliminate certain practices of Hinduism

European Imperialism

European Imperialism

Aim: European Imperialism of the late 1800 s DO NOW: • Study for Test • Wednesday, December 17 – ESSAY • Friday, December 19 – MULTIPLE CHOICE

Aim: How did colonial rule influence the peoples of Southeast Asia? What do you already know you know about SOUTHEAST ASIA? (REVIEW CHART) • Nations • Geography • Climate • Early History/culture

Aim: How did colonial rule influence the peoples of Southeast Asia? NATIONS Mainland • • • Myanmar Thailand Malaysia Laos Cambodia Vietnam

Aim: How did colonial rule influence the peoples of Southeast Asia NATIONS Islands • • Philippines Indonesia Singapore Malaysia

Aim: How did colonial rule influence the peoples of Southeast Asia GEOGRAPY AND CLIMATE • Hilly/steep slopes effects • Tropical rainforest – effects • Tropics • monsoons

Aim: How did colonial rule influence the peoples of Southeast Asia EARLY HISTORY AND CULTURE • Culturally diverse • “cultural crossroads” (location) • Chinese influence • Buddhism

Aim: How did colonial rule influence the peoples of Southeast Asia ARRIVAL OF EUROPEANS • When? • Why? • Who?

Aim: How did colonial rule influence the peoples of Southeast Asia EUROPEAN POWER GROWS • desire sugar, coffee, tea • Industrial Revolution creates need for raw material, markets • Dutch – Java: culture system, cash crops • British – Malaya: tin, rubber, brought in Indian and Chinese workers, Singapore becomes busy trading center

Aim: How did colonial rule influence the peoples of Southeast Asia SCRAMBLE FOR COLONIES • Britain and France in the early 1800 s • Need raw material, natural resources, and markets • Vietnam: French Indo-China, missionaries, conquered and ruled • Cambodia and Laos (French) • Malaya and Burma: colonized by the British

Aim: How did colonial rule influence the peoples of Southeast Asia THAILAND – THE EXCEPTION • • Siam King Mongkut Realist Signs treaties with several European nations • European experts help to modernize Thailand

Aim: How did colonial rule influence the peoples of Southeast Asia DO NOW: 1. Why did Europeans want to colonize Southeast Asia in the 1800 s? 2. What areas were colonized by the French? 3. What areas were colonized by the British? 4. What did the Dutch colonize in SE Asia? 5. How was Thailand able to avoid colonization?

Aim: How did colonial rule influence the peoples of Southeast Asia PHILIPPINES • Cultural crossroads • Spanish colony – encomienda • Rebellion – defeat • Late 1800 s – Spanish -American War • U. S. possession until 1946

Aim: How did colonial rule influence the peoples of Southeast Asia EFFECT OF COLONIAL RULE • Exploited for cash crops, raw materials, and natural resources, and as a market • Introduced modern transportation and communication system • Built schools, hospitals • Introduced Indians and Chinese (labor)

SUMMARY: European Rule in Southeast Asia 1. Why were European nations interested in colonizing Southeast Asia? 2. What countries were once part of French Indo-china? 3. How was Thailand able to avoid being colonized? 4. Identify one positive and one negative effect of European rule.

Aim: How did European imperialism influence China? DO NOW: What do you already know about China? • GEOGRAPHY/CLIMATE • EARLY HISTORY • CULTURAL INFLUENCES • CREATE REVIEW CHART

CHINA REVIEW GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE • • • Eastern 1/3 “heartland” Vast fertile plain Population center 3 rivers Huang He, Yangtze, Xi Western 2/3 Outlying region Rugged terrain Mountains, plateaus, desert • Ethnic minorities

CHINA REVIEW CULTURAL INFLUENCES • • Homogenous culture Ethnocentric Confucianism: 5 Social Relationships Daoism: “the way”, balance and harmony, Yin/yang • Legalism: harsh system of punishment to achieve order • Buddhism: 4 Noble Truths

CHINA REVIEW CONFUCIANISM • Social harmony • 5 Social Relationships • Respect for authority, elders, • Importance of family • Filial piety • learning

CHINA REVIEW EARLY HISTORY • • • Dynastic rule Emperors Divine right Mandate of Heaven Ethnocentrism Isolationism

Aim: How did European imperialism influence China? DO NOW: • How were the Chinese ethnocentric in the 1600 s and 1700 s? • Where did Chinese ethnocentrism “come from”? • Can you think of other cultures that have acted in similar ways? • What is isolationism? • What can it achieve at its best? …at its worst?

Aim: How did China’s relations with the west change in the 19 th century? A POSITION OF STRENGTH • • • 1600 s – early 1700 s Only two ports open for trade Macao and Guangzhou Late 1700 s – things change Qing dynasty in decline Industrial Revolution

Aim: How did China’s relations with the west change in the 19 th century? EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM • Late 1700 s Europeans refuse to “Kow tow” • Opium War – 1839 • British had been illegally selling Opium to China • Unequal treaty • Treaty of Nanjing (pay for opium, Hong Kong, open other ports, extraterritoriality) • Increase foreign influence • Late 1800 s China divided into spheres of influence • Open Door Policy: U. S. , all nations to have equal access to China

SPHERES OF INFLUENCE

SPHERES OF INFLUENCE

SUMMARY: 1. What was the foreign policy position of China in the 1600 s and 1700 s? 2. What was the historical significance of the Opium War? 3. What is a sphere of influence? 4. What was the Open Door Policy?

Aim: How did China’s relations with the west change in the 19 th century? UNREST AND REVOLUTION • • Reform Modern technology? Some feared… Boxer rebellion Anti-foreigner Revolution of 1911 Republic not well organized • 1911 -1928 chaos • Then Civil War

Aim: How did China’s relations with the west change in the 19 th century? STRUGGLES OF REPUBLIC • 1911 – Dr. Sun Yatsen • Guomindang • Nationalist party • 3 Principles of the People • Nationalism, Democracy, and Livelihood

Aim: How did China’s relations with the west change in the 19 th century? NATIONALIST AND COMMUNISTS • • • Chiang Kai-shek Army Sun dies in 1925 Chiang takes over Attacks Communists Long March (1934) 6000 miles 90, 000 start out Only 7000 survive JAPAN 1931 1937

Aim: How did China’s relations with the west change in the 19 th century? SUMMARY: • What is the significance of the Opium War? • What is meant by “Sphere of Influence”? • What is the significance of the Boxer Rebellion? …Open Door Policy? • Why did the Chinese Republic under Dr. Sun Yatsen fail?