Imperialism of Africa Africa Before Europeans n n
Imperialism of Africa
Africa Before Europeans n n n Hundreds of ethnic groups More than 1000 languages spoken Large empires to independent villages Powerful armies Traded ivory & gold 10 million people Controlled their own specialized trade networks n Traditional & world religions n
Europeans Explore Africa n First direct contact in early 1400’s between Portugal and West Africa. n Europeans looking for a way to get to India by sea n Built small trading stations on the coast trading for fish, sugar, ivory, gold, pepper n Also brought Christian Missionaries
Why did the Europeans leave the coast? The interior of Africa had many different kinds of Natural Resources that could be used in Industrialization or were valuable n They also thought Africans would buy their stuff, but they didn’t n
Imperialism is n The takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating the political, economic, and social life of the people of that nation
Why: n Pride/Nationalism n Natural Resources n Missionary Work n Racism n Economic Competition
External Forces Allowing Imperialism: n Maxim Gun (like a machine gun) n Railroad n Steamship n Cure for Malaria
Internal Forces Allowing Imperialism: n Number of languages spoken n Variety of culture n Low level technology n Ethnic strife (warring tribes)
Berlin Conference Afraid of starting wars with each other, the Europeans divided Africa in 1884 -1885 n No thought to ethnicity or language was given in dividing Africa n
Forms of Imperialism n Colony – a country or region governed internally by a foreign power. – Top of government was from the foreign power – Example – Somaliland in East Africa was a French Colony
Forms of Imperialism n Protectorate – has their own government, but the government is controlled by a foreign power – Example – Britain established a protectorate over the Niger River delta
Forms of Imperialism n Sphere of Influence – an outside power claims exclusive investment and trading rights – They can’t trade with any other country than the one that controls it – Example - Liberia was under the sphere of influence of the U. S.
Forms of Imperialism n Economic Imperialism – countries are controlled by businesses rather than a foreign country – Dole Fruit in Hawaii told the government what to do, until the U. S. took over Hawaii
Management Methods n Direct Control – Foreign people hold all government positions – No self rule – Make the people European (assimilate) – European form of Government and rules – France, Germany, Portugal – Best with colony
Management Methods n Indirect Control – Uses Locals in government positions – Locals make some of the rules – Goal is to develop future local leaders – Government is based on European form, but uses local rules – Can be used with all forms except Economic Imperialism – British, U. S.
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