New Global Connections 1415 1796 Topic 5 Lesson
New Global Connections (1415 -1796) Topic 5, Lesson 1 Europeans Explore Overseas EQ: Why do people move?
New Global Connections (1415 -1796) Lesson 1 Europeans Explore Overseas Learning Objectives • Understand the major causes of European exploration. • Analyze early Portuguese and Spanish explorations and expansion. • Describe how the Portuguese established footholds on Africa’s coasts. • Describe European searches for a direct route to Asia.
New Global Connections (1415 -1796) Lesson 1 Europeans Explore Overseas Key Terms Prince Henry, cartographers, Vasco da Gama Christopher Columbus, Treaty of Tordesillas Line of Demarcation, Ferdinand Magellan circumnavigate,
Bell Ringer: A Search for Spices
Causes of European Exploration • Starting in the 1400 s, Europeans undertook exploration, mapping new sea routes around the world. • The Age of Exploration was fueled by many causes.
Causes of European Exploration 1. European wanted direct trade with Asia— Trade had occurred during the Middle ages, but the land route was disrupted. 2. Drive to Explore—Many Europeans wanted to have direct trade with Asia (increase wealth). 3. Improved Technology— *Cartographers (mapmakers) created accurate maps. *Reliable navigation instruments— astrolabe, quadrant. *Better sailing ships. In this illustration from the 1400 s, a French trader samples pepper harvested by workers.
Portugal Explores the Seas • Portugal, a small nation on the western edge of Spain, led the way in exploration. • Prince Henry, known to history as Henry the Navigator led the Age of Exploration.
• Henry the Navigator wanted to convert Islamic Africans into Christians, but was also interested in controlling the Muslim gold trade in Africa. • He hoped to find an easier way to reach Asia (spice trade) going around Africa. • He promoted navigation knowledge and technology to achieve this Prince Henry examines a chart with his men.
Portugal Beyond Africa: Reaching India http: //www. history. com/topics/exploration/vasco-da-gama/videos/vasco-da-gama-fast-facts • Portuguese navigator, Vasco da Gama led 4 ships around the Cape of Good Hope (Africa) • He reached the port of Calicut (west India) • Many died in the return voyage • The venture was highly successful – rich in spices $$$ • Portugal began building a trading empire in India, thus making Portugal a world power.
Amid much activity, Columbus prepares to depart Spain in August 1492 Columbus Searches for a Route to Asia http: //www. history. com/topics/exploration/christopher-columbus/videos/columbus-uses-the-skies-to-survive? m=528 e 394 da 93 ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false • After Portugal, other Europeans want to seek a sea route to Asia. • Italian navigator, Christopher Columbus, wanted to reach the Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic. • A few weeks sailing west, he reasoned, would bring a ship to eastern Asia. • His plan made sense, but Columbus greatly underestimated Earth’s size—and he had no idea that two continents, North and South America, lay in his path.
Classwork Read Spain and Portugal Divide the World • Answer Question #7
Spain and Portugal Divide the World • Spain and Portugal each pressed claims to the lands Columbus explored • The pope established the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)– a treaty signed by Portugal and Spain to divide the New World lands. • It set a Line of Demarcation—dividing the non-European world into two zones. • Spain had trading rights west of the line, and Portugal had trading rights east of the line. • Spain won trading rights over half of the non-European world.
Treaty of Tordesillas
10. a) Analyze Charts The Treaty of Tordesillas resolved a major territorial dispute between Spain and Portugal. Whose rights and claims were not addressed by this treaty?
The Search for a Route to the Pacific • Europeans realized that the Americas blocked a sea passage to Asia, they tried to search for a new route to reach Asia. • The English, Dutch, and French explored the coast of North America for a “northwest passage” (route to the Pacific Ocean through the Arctic islands)— unsuccessful! • Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa, found a passage to the Pacific Ocean through the tropical forests of Panama. • Therefore, encouraged other explorers to seek a direct sea route to the Pacific and the East Indies.
Magellan Circumnavigates the Globe Months of careful planning, provisioning, and loading of supplies went into preparing for Magellan’s voyage. Even so, during the long voyage, regular stops for fresh food and water were required.
Magellan Circumnavigates the Globe • In 1520, Ferdinand Magellan reached the southern tip of South America. – He sailed through a strait and named the ocean the "Pacific. " – Magellan died during the voyage, his crew reached Spain in 1522. • His crew were the first known people to circumnavigate or sail around, the world. http: //www. biography. com/people/ferdinand-magellan-9395202/videos/ferdinand-magellan-mini-biography-39300675603
Causes of European Exploration 10. b) Analyze Maps Portugal led the way in exploring the world by ship. Spain and How did Magellan’s route to Asia differ from the routes of other explorers? other countries soon followed.
The Search for a Route to the Pacific 10. c) Which explorers helped to find a western water route to Asia? Analyze Charts:
The Columbian Exchange • Is a movement of living things (plants, people, animals, and diseases) between the Eastern and Western hemispheres Western Hemisphere Eastern Hemisphere
Columbian Exchange: Negative Effects • Smallpox, measles, and influenza killed many Native Americans who had no immunity towards these diseases. • Europeans decreased Amerindian populations by 90 to 95 % between the years 1519 and 1619.
Positive Effects in the Americas • Europeans brought plants and animals to the Americas. – Cattle, pigs, and horses all thrived in the Americas. – Grapes, onions, and wheat, also thrived in the Americas.
Positive Effects in Europe • The Columbian Exchange benefited Europe, too. • Corn and Potatoes from the Americas helped feed European people and improve their diet. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Ow. Mc. Rlj. S 3 SM
Columbian Exchange: Positive or Negative • Make a list of the positive and negative effects of the Columbian Exchange by creating a Tchart. • In your opinion was the Columbian Exchange a positive or negative event. Provide two reasons to support your opinion. https: //www. flocabulary. com/unit/age-ofexploration/
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