7 1 1 send 4 send 4 send

7 -1. 1 send는 4형식으로 사용되기도 한다! send + 사람 + 사물[4형식] = send + 사물 + to 사람 Due to the variability in responses for mail-in surveys, it’s often necessary to send follow–up mailings. Such 진주어 후속의 mailings may be administered in several ways. In the 관리하다, 집행하다 simplest, nonrespondents are simply (A)sending /sent 무응답자가 참여 독려 편지를 보낼까 받을까? a letter of additional encouragement to participate. A better method, however, is to send a new copy of the 주제문 survey questionnaire with the follow-up letter.

7 -1. 2 If potential respondents have not returned their questionnaires after two or three weeks, the questionnaires have probably been lost or misplaced. 잘못 두어 찾지 못하다 Receiving a follow -up letter might encourage them to look for the original questionnaire, but if they can’t find the questionnaire (B) easy / easily, the letter may be good for nothing. 아무런 소용이 없다

7 -1. 3 The methodological literature strongly suggests that 문학, 문헌 보여주다, 제안하다 follow-up mailings provide an effective method for increasing return rates in mail surveys. In general, the 동명사 longer a potential respondent delays replying, the less likely he or she (C) is / does to do so at all. Properly timed follow-up mailings, then, provide additional stimuli to respond.

7 -2. 1 To balance energy in with energy out, eating behaviors must be counterbalanced with ending 주제문 each meal and allowing periods of fasting 단식하다 between meals. ① Being able to eat periodically, 주어 store fuel, and then use up that fuel between meals is a great advantage.

7 -2. 2 ② Relieved of the need to constantly seek food, As human beings were relieved of ~ human beings are free to dance, study, converse, wonder, fall in love, and concentrate on endeavors other than eating. ③ The between-meal interval is normally about 4 to 6 waking hours - about the length of time the body takes to use up most of the readily available fuel- or 12 to 18 hours at night, when body systems slow down and the need is less.

글이 얘기하는 “식사 사이의 금식의 이로운 점”에 대한 내용과 어울리지 않는다! 7 -2. 3 ④These trends have included a significant decrease in outdoor recreation, opportunities dependence and on sleep, and healthy eating now promote an increased electronic media and sedentary activities. ⑤ As is true for the “go" signals that stimulate food intake, a series of many hormones and sensory nerve messages along with (부)산물 products of nutrient metabolism send “ stop" signals to suppress eating.

7 -3. 1 Colleges use price discrimination. In 1995, for example, Johns Hopkins University began offering aid according to the student’s price elasticity of demand for attending the university.

7 -3. 2 이러한 학생에 대해 주어진 문장에서는 주어지지 않음! (A) Because most of these students were already ? hooked on its pre-med program, a price increase would not knock many out. Johns Hopkins cut this 떨어져 나가다 / 깜짝 놀라게 하다 / 의식을 잃게 하다 group’s aid by $1, 000 per student and still increased net revenue. Today, this pricing strategy 순이익 is being tried out at colleges and universities all ~을 테스트 해보다 over the nation. 다른 부분은 과거시제 여기만 현 재시제! = (A)의 앞에 과거시제가 있을 것이다!

7 -3. 3 (B) By granting them an extra $3, 000 in aid, the ? university was able to increase enrollment in that ? group by 20 percent. However, Johns Hopkins did not worry about losing prospective pre-med students, whose demand curves for education at Johns Hopkins were relatively inelastic. 비탄력적 = 어떠한 상황에도 변화가 적다! 의예과 학생 등장! (B) – (A)

7 -3. 4 (C) Johns Hopkins wanted to attract academically gifted students who would major in humanities but might attend other universities. These students had relatively elastic demand curves for education at Johns Hopkins, given the availability of substitute universities. 탄력적인 수요 곡선 = 다른 대 학에 갈 확률이 높다! = 추가지 원금을 제공해 붙잡아야… 따라 서 (C) – (B)

7 -4 어휘 step-by-step 단계적인, 점진적인 observation 관찰 ultimately 궁극적으로 relative 상대적인 define 정의하다 varied 다양한 context 상황, 배경 perception 지각, 인식 physical 물리적인 mutual 상호의 wavelength 파장 simultaneously 동시에

7 -4. 1 Learning about color is a step-by-step process of observation, memory, and training that teaches us that seeing is a creative process ① involving the entire mind. What is ultimately learned ② is that 주어 color continues to be personal, relative, elusive, 보어 and hard to define. 찾기[파악하기]가 힘든

7 -4. 2 How we see a color is as varied as its context However(X) ③ because our perception of color is seldom as it ~같은, 처럼 actually appears in the physical world. A change in a color’s neighbor results in us seeing that color differently because of the mutual influences 선행사 what colors have on one another. that ④

7 -4. 3 This means there can be no orthodox rules of color. We may know the actual wavelength of a certain color, but we will hardly ever perceive the color as it ~처럼, 같은 physically is. When a group of people simultaneously looks at the same color, there is no way ⑤ to know how each individual actually perceives the color. ** orthodox 정통의， 공인된

7 -5. 1 In his book, Arthur Gordon relates the story of a club which one of his friends belonged to at the University of Wisconsin. It was comprised of several bright young men who had genuine talent for writing. Each time they met, one of the men would read a story or essay he had written, and the rest of the group would dissect and criticize it. The viciousness 해부/분석하다 of their comments prompted them to call themselves 잔인함, 사악함 the Stranglers. 촉발하다 교살범

7 -5. 2 On the same campus, some women formed a group, and they called themselves the Wranglers. They also 목적보어 read their manuscripts to one another, but instead of showering criticism on one another, they tried to find positive things to say. Every member was given encouragement, no matter how weak or undeveloped her writing was. 아무리 ~라 할지라도

7 -5. 3 The results of the two groups' activities came to light twenty years later when the careers of the classmates were examined. Of the talented young men in the ~중에 Stranglers, not one of them had made a name for himself as a writer. But half a dozen successful writers emerged from the Wranglers, even though they had not necessarily shown greater promise. 약속, 장래성, 징조

7 -5. 4 And some of the women had gained national prominence, such as Pulitzer Prize-winner Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings. For most people, it’s not what they are that holds 주제문 them back. It’s what they think they’re not. The 방해하는 것 Stranglers undoubtedly made one another suspect that they were _______to write, and in time they became convinced of it. think - 빈칸: unqualified

7 -5. 5 Who knows what kind of talent was squashed by their negativism? But if someone in the group had taken the initiative to be nurturing instead of negative, maybe another Hemingway, Faulkner, or Fitzgerald would have emerged and given the world another 가정법 과거완료 library of masterpieces. * dissect 세밀히 분석하다 ** viciousness 잔인함

7 -7. 1 The quality of entertainment is often measured by an 주제문 audience to the degree that it invokes an emotional response among that audience - this leads to opinion. The degree to which we are emotionally affected by entertainment typically (A) influences / influencing our opinion of how good or bad we think it is.

7 -7. 2 If after watching a stand-up comedian a member of the audience stated ‘that was really funny’ , it would suggest that the person thought the comedian was good, (B) what / which contains a suggestion of recommendation. By watching a show that is ‘labelled’ a comedy, this person expected to feel positive emotions, including happiness, amusement, and joy.

7 -7. 3 These emotions are then physically transformed by the audience into laughter and applause; a comedian that doesn’t invoke an emotional response among the audience that results in laughter and applause is usually (C) considered / considering as being ‘not funny' and therefore a ‘poor’ comedian - or low quality entertainment in the opinion of that audience.

7 -8. 1 For many years, geologists and other scientists 주제문 pursued methods and processes to measure the age of the Earth. ① Many realized the various layers of sediments, minerals, and rocks are 퇴적물 exposed as outcroppings as the Earth rose and 노두 settled over many thousands of millennia.

7 -8. 2 ② Some of the early techniques such as reading the growth rings of the cross-section cuts of trees are 나이테 somewhat useful for determining climate changes, but they only indicated periods of a few hundred to a few thousand years of the Earth’s history. ③ More accurate techniques have since been devised to read further back into geological time,

7 -8. 3 so that events can be arranged in the order of their 결과 occurrences (age) and for specific spans of time. ④ But there are still natural disasters that come up rather unexpectedly, such as earthquakes, wildfires, 다소 landslides, or even volcanic eruptions. ⑤ Modern geologists have combined some older concepts into a relative time scale, while developing newer 척도, 규모, 등급, 비율, 음계, 비늘 techniques that provide an absolute time scale.

7 -9 어휘 disinfection 소독, 살균 accomplish 달성하다, 완성하다, 이루다 chlorinate 염소로 처리하다 acutely 몹시, 강렬히 lethal 치명적인 sewage 하수 outfall 배출구 aquatic community 수생 생물 군집 downstream 하류에, 강 아래에 classify 분류하다 toxic 유독한 likewise 마찬가지로 substance 물질 be committed to ~에 의무가 있다, 전념하다, 헌신하다 elimination 제거 dechlorinate 염소를 제거하다 release 방출하다, 풀어주다 side effect 부작용 organochlorine 유기 염소의 compound 혼합물, 화합물

7 -9. 1 The final stage of waste-water treatment is disinfection, which kills harmful bacteria and viruses. Most commonly this is accomplished by adding chlorine. 염소

7 -9. 2 (A) A number of studies found that chlorinated waste-water effluent is acutely lethal to fish in the 폐수(방류), 오수 = fatal, deadly area immediately around a sewage treatment plant 즉시, 바로 옆에 outfall, and causes changes in the aquatic 배출구 community further downstream. Canada now classifies chlorinated waste-water effluent as toxic.

7 -9. 3 마찬가지로[likewise]가 있으므로 앞에 다른 나라의 사 례가 있어야 한다! 따라서, (B)는 (A) 다음에 등장해야! (B) Likewise, in the UK, the National Rivers Authority decided that ‘there is clear evidence that dangerous substances are created by chlorine sewage disinfection, and the UK is committed to the ~에 의무가 있다 / 전념하다 elimination of these substances from the water environment’. These effects could be reduced or eliminated by dechlorinating the effluent before

7 -9. 4 우려하는 내용이 등장! 염소처리의 문제점을 얘기하는 내용 중 맨 처음이 되어야 한다! 따라서 (C)가 맨 처음! (C) However, in recent years, there has been concern about some of the side effects of this 주어 process. Chlorine can react with organic material 염산을 첨가해 폐수를 처리하는 과정! to form dangerous organochlorine compounds. 결과 * chlorine 염소 ** effluent 폐수 (방류)

7 -10. 1 Earth creates the real wealth ① on which human life and well-being depend. We humans convert it to our use and consume it. During the twentieth century, we technologies humans ② to perfected accelerate the powerful rate conversion by several orders of magnitude. 자릿수, 엄청난 규모 of

7 -10. 2 We thought we had mastered the secrets to ③ creating wealth without limit. In truth, we were 동명사 주제문 not accelerating the creation of wealth so much not so much A as B: A가 아니라 오히려 B다 as we were accelerating ④ its consumption by drawing down the natural wealth and living 줄어들게 하다 capital of the planet.

7 -10. 3 We similarly failed to recognize that the profligate 낭비하는 lifestyles of the world’s consumer class that we had taken to be a measure of our economic and 목적보어 technological genius ⑤ was unsustainable and more were accurately represented a measure of our capacity for shortsighted self-delusion. We are now on the 자기기만 threshold of a serious reality attack.

7 -11 어휘 abstract 추상적인 summarize 요약하다 convey 전달하다 accumulate 축적하다 reliability 신뢰성 premium 추가적인 가치, 상(금), 할증 가격 emphasize 강조하다 at the expense of ~을 희생하여 ambiguous 불분명한, 모호한 recognizable 알아볼 수 있는 faithfully 충실하게 explosion 폭발적 증가 collective 집단적인 numerous 무수한, 수많은 interconnected 상호 연결된

7 -11. 1 During most of early human history, cultural knowledge was probably mostly stored in human brains. As long as humans could not write or produce other abstract material symbols with the aid of which knowledge could be summarized, stored and conveyed effectively, there were severe limits on 주제문 the amount of information people could accumulate (B)

7 -11. 2 as well as on its reliability, while there would have (A) been a high premium on keeping information as simple as possible. It is therefore not surprising that 인과적인 결과 in maps, mental or otherwise, major characteristics are emphasized at the expense of the ~을 희생하여 (A). The better brains became at doing so, the more effective they would be.

7 -11. 3 As soon as people began to produce tools and, much later, art, some information was stored in 도구와 예술 external objects on how to make them and what they might mean. But such information was always ambiguous, because its (B) very much depended on the presence of people able to explain how such tools were made

7 -11. 4 and what they were used for. As a result, we are still guessing at what early tools were used for as well as what early art forms might have meant for the people who produced them, even when such drawings, often animals, are very recognizable. It was only when people began to write, and even more so when printing was invented,

7 -11. 5 that ideas no longer needed to be stored in brains, but could instead be recorded elsewhere relatively faithfully. This freed up storage space within brains, while it made Make의 목적보어 exchanges of information a great deal easier. These 훨씬 developments led, therefore, to an explosion of collective learning, especially when people became more numerous and better interconnected.