You will learn How lightning forms Welcome to

Weather Patterns 2 Blizzards • The National Weather Service classifies a winter storm as

Here’s theory. What happens in real life?

Weather Patterns Severe Weather—Thunderstorms • Thunderstorms occur in warm, moist air masses and along

Weather Patterns 2 Lightning and Thunder • Thunder results from the rapid heating of

Weather Patterns 2 Lightning and Thunder • Inside a storm cloud, warm air is

Chapter 3 Section 3 Severe Weather Tornadoes • A tornado is a small, spinning

Weather Patterns 2 Tornadoes • A tornado is a violently rotating column of air

Weather Patterns 2 Tornadoes • A thunderstorm’s updraft can tilt the rotating column upward

Weather Patterns 2 Tornadoes • A tornado’s destructive winds can rip apart buildings and

Weather Patterns 2 Tornadoes • The updraft in the center of a powerful tornado

Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 3 Section 3 Severe Weather Hurricanes • How a Hurricane Forms A hurricane

Weather Patterns 2 Hurricanes • It is like a machine that turns heat energy

Composite image of 2010 hurricanes. 20 degrees N 5 degrees N Chapter menu Resources

Hurricane Camille, August 1969. Highest wind speed: 190 m. p. h. Chapter menu Resources

Richelieu Apartments Before Hurricane Camille Mary Ann Gerlach claimed she attended a Hurricane Party

Richelieu Apartments After Hurricane Camille Mary Ann Gerlach survived and lived to tell the

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You will learn: How lightning forms Welcome to my world!

Weather Patterns 2 Blizzards • The National Weather Service classifies a winter storm as a blizzard if: • The winds are 56 km/h. • The temperature is low. • The visibility is less than 400 m in falling or blowing snow. • These conditions persist for three hours or more.

Here’s theory. What happens in real life?

Weather Patterns Severe Weather—Thunderstorms • Thunderstorms occur in warm, moist air masses and along fronts. • Warm, moist air can be forced upward where it cools and condensation occurs, forming cumulonimbus clouds that can reach heights of 18 km.

Weather Patterns 2 Lightning and Thunder • Thunder results from the rapid heating of air around a bolt of lightning, which can reach temperatures of about 30, 000°C. • This extreme heat causes air around the lightning to expand rapidly. Then it cools quickly and contracts. • The rapid movement of the molecules forms sound waves heard as thunder. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Weather Patterns 2 Lightning and Thunder • Inside a storm cloud, warm air is lifted rapidly as cooler air sinks. This movement of air can cause different parts of a cloud to become oppositely charged. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 3 Section 3 Severe Weather Tornadoes • A tornado is a small, spinning column of air that has high wind speeds and low central pressure and that touches the ground. • A tornado starts out as a funnel cloud that pokes through the bottom of a cumulonimbus cloud and hangs in the air. The funnel cloud becomes a tornado when it makes contact with Earth’s surface. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Weather Patterns 2 Tornadoes • A tornado is a violently rotating column of air in contact with the ground. • In severe thunderstorms, wind at different heights blows in different directions and at different speeds. • This difference in wind speed and direction, called wind shear, creates a rotating column parallel to the ground. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Weather Patterns 2 Tornadoes • A thunderstorm’s updraft can tilt the rotating column upward into the thunderstorm creating a funnel cloud. • If the funnel comes into contact with Earth’s surface, it is called a tornado. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Weather Patterns 2 Tornadoes • The updraft in the center of a powerful tornado can lift animals, cars, and even houses into the air. • Although tornadoes rarely exceed 200 m in diameter and usually last only a few minutes, they often are extremely destructive. However, tornadoes are not the most destructive severe weather due to the small scope of the storm. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 3 Section 3 Severe Weather Hurricanes • How a Hurricane Forms A hurricane begins as a group of thunderstorms moving over tropical ocean waters. Winds traveling in two different directions meet and cause the storm to spin. • Damage Caused by Hurricanes are the most damaging severe weather. Damage is caused by high winds (wind speeds of most hurricanes range from 120 to 150 km/h) and torrential rain. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Weather Patterns 2 Hurricanes • It is like a machine that turns heat energy from the ocean into wind. • A storm must have winds of at least 119 km/h to be called a hurricane. • Similar storms are called typhoons in the Pacific Ocean and cyclones in the Indian Ocean. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Richelieu Apartments Before Hurricane Camille Mary Ann Gerlach claimed she attended a Hurricane Party on the third floor. Pass Christian, Mississippi Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.