Lightning Assimilation Techniques Nonthinned Lightning Experiment NLDNLR lightning
![Lightning Assimilation Techniques • Non-thinned Lightning Experiment – NLDN/LR lightning strike is detected – Lightning Assimilation Techniques • Non-thinned Lightning Experiment – NLDN/LR lightning strike is detected –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/0a76a489b8a508b3c7061a0e9c928a32/image-1.jpg)
![Lightning Assimilation Techniques Pessi/Businger Lightning rate/Convective rainfall rate relationship Lightning Assimilation Techniques Pessi/Businger Lightning rate/Convective rainfall rate relationship](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/0a76a489b8a508b3c7061a0e9c928a32/image-2.jpg)
![Lightning Assimilation Techniques • Thinned Lightning Experiment – NLDN/LR lightning strike is detected – Lightning Assimilation Techniques • Thinned Lightning Experiment – NLDN/LR lightning strike is detected –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/0a76a489b8a508b3c7061a0e9c928a32/image-3.jpg)
![Lightning Assimilation Techniques • Thinned Lightning Experiment – 1 hr rain – NLDN/LR lightning Lightning Assimilation Techniques • Thinned Lightning Experiment – 1 hr rain – NLDN/LR lightning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/0a76a489b8a508b3c7061a0e9c928a32/image-4.jpg)
![Experiment Design • Pacific Ocean – Low observation density; location of important storm tracks; Experiment Design • Pacific Ocean – Low observation density; location of important storm tracks;](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/0a76a489b8a508b3c7061a0e9c928a32/image-5.jpg)
![Experiment Design • Observations – Control case • • Radiosondes Surface stations (ASOS, ship, Experiment Design • Observations – Control case • • Radiosondes Surface stations (ASOS, ship,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/0a76a489b8a508b3c7061a0e9c928a32/image-6.jpg)
![Experiment Design • WRF Setup – – – – – WRF 2. 1. 2 Experiment Design • WRF Setup – – – – – WRF 2. 1. 2](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/0a76a489b8a508b3c7061a0e9c928a32/image-7.jpg)
![Experiment Design • En. KF Setup – – – – – 90 ensemble members Experiment Design • En. KF Setup – – – – – 90 ensemble members](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/0a76a489b8a508b3c7061a0e9c928a32/image-8.jpg)
![Test Cases • Test Case #1 – December 16 -21, 2002 • Test Case Test Cases • Test Case #1 – December 16 -21, 2002 • Test Case](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/0a76a489b8a508b3c7061a0e9c928a32/image-9.jpg)
![Experiment observations example ACARS observations spatial distribution Experiment observations example ACARS observations spatial distribution](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/0a76a489b8a508b3c7061a0e9c928a32/image-10.jpg)
![Experiment observations example Cloud track wind observations spatial distribution Experiment observations example Cloud track wind observations spatial distribution](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/0a76a489b8a508b3c7061a0e9c928a32/image-11.jpg)
![Experiment observations example Radiosonde, surface station and buoy observations • Radiosonde Obs • Surface Experiment observations example Radiosonde, surface station and buoy observations • Radiosonde Obs • Surface](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/0a76a489b8a508b3c7061a0e9c928a32/image-12.jpg)
![Experiment observations example Lightning Observations Experiment observations example Lightning Observations](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/0a76a489b8a508b3c7061a0e9c928a32/image-13.jpg)
- Slides: 13
![Lightning Assimilation Techniques Nonthinned Lightning Experiment NLDNLR lightning strike is detected Lightning Assimilation Techniques • Non-thinned Lightning Experiment – NLDN/LR lightning strike is detected –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/0a76a489b8a508b3c7061a0e9c928a32/image-1.jpg)
Lightning Assimilation Techniques • Non-thinned Lightning Experiment – NLDN/LR lightning strike is detected – Lightning strike is converted into 30 minute lightning rate from nearby LTNG observations – Lightning rate converted into “observation” of convective rainfall rate using Pessi/Businger convective rain rate/lightning rate relationship – Convective rainfall is scaled up to 6 hour cumulative total to match model background forecasted 6 hour convective rainfall – Convective rainfall (mm) is assimilated into WRF-En. KF
![Lightning Assimilation Techniques PessiBusinger Lightning rateConvective rainfall rate relationship Lightning Assimilation Techniques Pessi/Businger Lightning rate/Convective rainfall rate relationship](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/0a76a489b8a508b3c7061a0e9c928a32/image-2.jpg)
Lightning Assimilation Techniques Pessi/Businger Lightning rate/Convective rainfall rate relationship
![Lightning Assimilation Techniques Thinned Lightning Experiment NLDNLR lightning strike is detected Lightning Assimilation Techniques • Thinned Lightning Experiment – NLDN/LR lightning strike is detected –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/0a76a489b8a508b3c7061a0e9c928a32/image-3.jpg)
Lightning Assimilation Techniques • Thinned Lightning Experiment – NLDN/LR lightning strike is detected – Lightning strike is converted into 30 minute lightning rate from nearby LTNG observations – Any lightning strikes used in the density calculation are no longer allowed to be an assimilation point, resulting in a thinning out of the lightning “observations” (although strikes will be used to calculate nearby densities) – Lightning rate converted into “observation” of convective rainfall rate using Pessi/Businger convective rain rate/lightning rate relationship – Convective rainfall is scaled up to 6 hour cumulative total to match model background forecasted 6 hour convective rainfall – Convective rainfall (mm) is assimilated into WRF-En. KF
![Lightning Assimilation Techniques Thinned Lightning Experiment 1 hr rain NLDNLR lightning Lightning Assimilation Techniques • Thinned Lightning Experiment – 1 hr rain – NLDN/LR lightning](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/0a76a489b8a508b3c7061a0e9c928a32/image-4.jpg)
Lightning Assimilation Techniques • Thinned Lightning Experiment – 1 hr rain – NLDN/LR lightning strike is detected – Lightning strike is converted into 30 minute lightning rate from nearby LTNG observations – Any lightning strikes used in the density calculation are no longer allowed to be an assimilation point, resulting in a thinning out of the lightning “observations” (although strikes will be used to calculate nearby densities) – Lightning rate converted into “observation” of convective rainfall rate using Pessi/Businger convective rain rate/lightning rate relationship – Convective rainfall is NO LONGER scaled up as model background forecasted convective rainfall is a 1 hour cumulative total – Convective rainfall (mm) is assimilated into WRF-En. KF
![Experiment Design Pacific Ocean Low observation density location of important storm tracks Experiment Design • Pacific Ocean – Low observation density; location of important storm tracks;](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/0a76a489b8a508b3c7061a0e9c928a32/image-5.jpg)
Experiment Design • Pacific Ocean – Low observation density; location of important storm tracks; errors propagate downstream to mainland United States • North America – High observation area; potential of forecast improvement; • Similar studies with similar domain – Pessi/Businger previously studied domain for lightning assimilation
![Experiment Design Observations Control case Radiosondes Surface stations ASOS ship Experiment Design • Observations – Control case • • Radiosondes Surface stations (ASOS, ship,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/0a76a489b8a508b3c7061a0e9c928a32/image-6.jpg)
Experiment Design • Observations – Control case • • Radiosondes Surface stations (ASOS, ship, buoy) ACARS Cloud drift winds (no sat. radiances) – Experimental cases • Control observations • Lightning
![Experiment Design WRF Setup WRF 2 1 2 Experiment Design • WRF Setup – – – – – WRF 2. 1. 2](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/0a76a489b8a508b3c7061a0e9c928a32/image-7.jpg)
Experiment Design • WRF Setup – – – – – WRF 2. 1. 2 (Jan 27, 2006) 100 by 86 grid 45 -km horizontal resolution 33 vertical levels 270 second timestep Shortwave: Dudhia Longwave: Rrtm Surface: Noah land-sfc PBL: MYJ TKE scheme Cumulus: Kain-Fritsch (new Eta)
![Experiment Design En KF Setup 90 ensemble members Experiment Design • En. KF Setup – – – – – 90 ensemble members](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/0a76a489b8a508b3c7061a0e9c928a32/image-8.jpg)
Experiment Design • En. KF Setup – – – – – 90 ensemble members 6 -hr Analyses 24 -hr Forecasts (starting every 12 hours) 8 assimilations of “spin-up” before lightning assimilations Square root filter (Whitaker and Hamill, 2002) Horizontal localization – Gaspari and Cohn 5 th order piecewise Fixed covariance perturbations to lateral boundaries Zhang covariance inflation method Localization radius – 2000 km
![Test Cases Test Case 1 December 16 21 2002 Test Case Test Cases • Test Case #1 – December 16 -21, 2002 • Test Case](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/0a76a489b8a508b3c7061a0e9c928a32/image-9.jpg)
Test Cases • Test Case #1 – December 16 -21, 2002 • Test Case #2 – October 4 -8, 2004 • Test Case #3 – November 8 -12, 2006
![Experiment observations example ACARS observations spatial distribution Experiment observations example ACARS observations spatial distribution](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/0a76a489b8a508b3c7061a0e9c928a32/image-10.jpg)
Experiment observations example ACARS observations spatial distribution
![Experiment observations example Cloud track wind observations spatial distribution Experiment observations example Cloud track wind observations spatial distribution](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/0a76a489b8a508b3c7061a0e9c928a32/image-11.jpg)
Experiment observations example Cloud track wind observations spatial distribution
![Experiment observations example Radiosonde surface station and buoy observations Radiosonde Obs Surface Experiment observations example Radiosonde, surface station and buoy observations • Radiosonde Obs • Surface](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/0a76a489b8a508b3c7061a0e9c928a32/image-12.jpg)
Experiment observations example Radiosonde, surface station and buoy observations • Radiosonde Obs • Surface Stations • Buoys
![Experiment observations example Lightning Observations Experiment observations example Lightning Observations](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/0a76a489b8a508b3c7061a0e9c928a32/image-13.jpg)
Experiment observations example Lightning Observations
Which type of nutrition
Dissimilation definition
Assimilation is indicated by the letter(s) _____.
Assimilation in science
Phonology process
Assimilation westward expansion
Allotment and assimilation
Regressive assimilation
Progressive assimilation examples
Elision
What is popular culture
Word stress
Data assimilation
Data assimilation