The Cold War Dictatorship vs Democracy l Dictator

Dictatorship vs. Democracy l Dictator – One person rules the country how they see

Capitalist vs. Communist l Capitalist – believe that property and industry should be privately

Who wanted what after WWII? l Stalin wanted huge reparations from Germany, and a

Resentment l The Soviet Union could not forget that in 1918 Britain and the

Trust l Neither side trusted the other. l They were so different. l Every

Yalta l Agreements – divide Germany into four ‘zones’, which Britain, France, the USA

Yalta l Things seemed to go good. l Tensions continued to grow though.

Potsdam l Kept plans from Yalta Conference l Soviet Union wanted more influence in

Atomic Bomb l Shifted who had the most power. l Truman’s attitude changes. –

Germany l When WWII came to an end Germany was split into 4 parts.

Germany l Joseph Stalin broke his promise l Germany was split into East and

Salami Tactics l During 1946– 47, Stalin made sure that Communist governments came to

Iron Curtain l West Germany and Salami Tactics made a distinct difference in the

Communist Countries l Poor countries are more likely to become communist. l America wanted

Truman Doctrine l Believed in Containment – Stop the spread of communism – Did

Marshall Plan l Through $17 billion dollars to the poor countries of Europe.

Berlins Importance l Berlin was on the border of the Communist East and Democratic

Berlin l Berlin had much of their industry taken from them. l Berlin becomes

Berlin Airlift l A blockade of Berlin stopped supplies to making it in. l

Countries Pick Sides l NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization – A group of

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The Cold War

Dictatorship vs. Democracy l Dictator – One person rules the country how they see fit. l Democracy – Everybody has the power and leaders elected often.

Capitalist vs. Communist l Capitalist – believe that property and industry should be privately owned. l Communist – believe that industry should be stateowned.

Who wanted what after WWII? l Stalin wanted huge reparations from Germany, and a ‘buffer’ of friendly states to protect the USSR from being invaded again. l Britain and the USA wanted to protect democracy, and help Germany to recover. They were worried that large areas of eastern Europe were falling under Soviet control.

Resentment l The Soviet Union could not forget that in 1918 Britain and the USA had tried to destroy the Russian Revolution. l Britain and the USA could not forget that Stalin had signed the Nazi-Soviet Pact with Germany in 1939.

Trust l Neither side trusted the other. l They were so different. l Every action they took made them hate each other more. l Russia and US alliance came to an end.

Yalta l Agreements – divide Germany into four ‘zones’, which Britain, France, the USA and the USSR would occupy after the war. – bring Nazi war-criminals to trial. – set up a Polish Provisional Government of National Unity 'pledged to the holding of free and unfettered elections as soon as possible'. – help the freed peoples of Europe set up democratic and self-governing countries by helping them to (a) maintain law and order; (b) carry out emergency relief measures; (c) set up governments; and (d) hold elections (this was called the 'Declaration of Liberated Europe'). – set up a commission to look into reparations.

Yalta l Things seemed to go good. l Tensions continued to grow though.

Potsdam l Kept plans from Yalta Conference l Soviet Union wanted more influence in Eastern Europe.

Atomic Bomb l Shifted who had the most power. l Truman’s attitude changes. – – His attitude at the Conference became more aggressive, He switched from pro-Soviet advisors (such as Davies) to anti-communist advisors such as Stimson and Byrnes. He dropped the Bomb on Hiroshima to get the Japanese to surrender quickly, before Stalin had a chance to enter the war in the Pacific. He developed an attitude of confrontation 'I'm sick of babying the Soviets'.

Germany l When WWII came to an end Germany was split into 4 parts. l France, England, Russia, and United States controlled a section. l It was promised at Yalta and Potsdam that each country would control a section of Germany and put it back together when it was rebuilt. l The country was to become a democratic country.

Germany l Joseph Stalin broke his promise l Germany was split into East and West – West = Democratic – East = Communist

Salami Tactics l During 1946– 47, Stalin made sure that Communist governments came to power in all the countries of eastern Europe (the countries which Russia had conquered in 1945). l The Hungarian Communist Rakosi described this process as ‘slicing salami’ – gradually getting rid of all opposition, bit-by-bit. In this way, Russia gained control of:

Iron Curtain l West Germany and Salami Tactics made a distinct difference in the East and West l The invisible line that separated the east and west was called the Iron Curtain by Churchill.

Communist Countries l Poor countries are more likely to become communist. l America wanted to help these countries not be poor.

Truman Doctrine l Believed in Containment – Stop the spread of communism – Did not want to destroy Russia – Just wanted to stop it from spreading – Gave money to poor countries to persuade them to stay democratic.

Marshall Plan l Through $17 billion dollars to the poor countries of Europe.

Berlins Importance l Berlin was on the border of the Communist East and Democratic West. l The heart of the Iron Curtin ran through Berlin

Berlin l Berlin had much of their industry taken from them. l Berlin becomes very poor l US wants to invade Berlin to give them much needed supplies but it would cause a war. l US decided to help out by air.

Berlin Airlift l A blockade of Berlin stopped supplies to making it in. l 275, 000 flights dropped 1. 5 million tons of supplies into Berlin. l The airlift helped but made tension worse between USSR and USA.

Countries Pick Sides l NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization – A group of democratic countries l Warsaw Pact – Communist respond to NATO – A group of Communist countries.