DemocraticLimited Government Direct Democracy Representative Democracy presidential democracy

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Democratic/Limited Government • Direct Democracy • Representative Democracy (presidential democracy, parliamentary democracy, or parl.

Democratic/Limited Government • Direct Democracy • Representative Democracy (presidential democracy, parliamentary democracy, or parl. dem. with a constitutional monarchy) • Constitutional Monarchy Authoritarian/Unlimited Government • Absolute Monarchy • Dictatorship

Direct Democracy • People govern themselves by voting on issues directly & individually as

Direct Democracy • People govern themselves by voting on issues directly & individually as citizens. • Ex. City-State of Athens in Ancient Greece (5 th to 4 th Century BC) • Parts of Switzerland

Thucydides Pericles

Thucydides Pericles

Where is Switzerland? ?

Where is Switzerland? ?

Disadvantages of Direct Democracy • People must be interested and actively involved. • Complex

Disadvantages of Direct Democracy • People must be interested and actively involved. • Complex policies may not be understood by all voters. • Practical in small communities, not large modern nations. Ex: towns in New England (a region in the USA)

Representative Democracy • People vote for representatives • This gives representatives the responsibility and

Representative Democracy • People vote for representatives • This gives representatives the responsibility and power to make laws and run the government. • By voting, the people give the “power” to those representatives– people who represent their interests in government

Representative Democracy EXAMPLES • United States • France • Russia

Representative Democracy EXAMPLES • United States • France • Russia

Problems with Representative Democracy • Voter apathy (lack of concern) – * Only 61%

Problems with Representative Democracy • Voter apathy (lack of concern) – * Only 61% of eligible people voted in 2008 presidential elections – Some countries, like Australia, have made voting compulsory: you MUST vote or you will be charged a fine • Divisive two-party systems (most countries have 3 or more major political parties)

Constitutional Monarchy • A monarch inherits the right to rule • BUT the monarch

Constitutional Monarchy • A monarch inherits the right to rule • BUT the monarch is limited by a lawmaking body elected by the people!

Constitutional Monarchy • The monarch has a ceremonial role in representing the government. *

Constitutional Monarchy • The monarch has a ceremonial role in representing the government. * LIMITED by the Constitution (laws) • Ex. The U. K. , Sweden, Spain, Japan.

Absolute Monarchy • A monarch inherits their position and complete and unlimited power. •

Absolute Monarchy • A monarch inherits their position and complete and unlimited power. • Usually claim that they have been chosen by God to rule. • Examples: • Historically: King Louis XVI (ruled France 1643 -1715) Currently: King Abdullah (ruled Saudi Arabia 2005 to present)

King Louis XIV

King Louis XIV

King Abdullah

King Abdullah

Dictatorship • A single leader who holds extraordinary power that is not based on

Dictatorship • A single leader who holds extraordinary power that is not based on heredity (being born into a certain family). • Makes all laws & suppresses opposition • Examples: 1. Cuba: Fidel Castro 2. Germany : Adolf Hitler (1933 -1945), 3. Iraq: Saddam Hussein (1979 -2003)

Fidel Castro

Fidel Castro

Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler

Saddam Hussein

Saddam Hussein

“President” or “King” (but really dictators in every sense of the term…) Why? 1.

“President” or “King” (but really dictators in every sense of the term…) Why? 1. Disputed “elections” 2. Disappearance of/threats to people in opposition 3. Restriction on media/Internet

This concludes the presentation on governments for Chapter 3 Is your chart complete? Read

This concludes the presentation on governments for Chapter 3 Is your chart complete? Read on for further explanations of governments…

Presidential Democracy • A type of representative democracy • Constitution separates the executive branch

Presidential Democracy • A type of representative democracy • Constitution separates the executive branch from the legislative and judicial branches (separation of powers). • Executive branch is led by a president • Ex. U. S. ; Mexico; Brazil; Algeria; Indonesia.

Legislative: Executive: Makes Laws Enforces Laws Judicial: Interprets Laws

Legislative: Executive: Makes Laws Enforces Laws Judicial: Interprets Laws

Parliamentary Democracy • Constitution combines executive and legislative functions in the Parliament • Parliament

Parliamentary Democracy • Constitution combines executive and legislative functions in the Parliament • Parliament is led by the Prime Minister, generally the leader of the majority party • Ex. Italy; Germany; Israel, India; Ethiopia.

Legislative Executive Makes Laws Enforces Laws Judicial Interprets Laws Monarch

Legislative Executive Makes Laws Enforces Laws Judicial Interprets Laws Monarch