THE 5511 NEW TESTAMENT THEOLOGY CLASS IV THEOLOGY

THE 5511 NEW TESTAMENT THEOLOGY CLASS IV: THEOLOGY OF GALATIANS, 1 -2 THESSALONIANS & 1 -2 CORINTHIANS

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR 1. 1 Introduction to Paul’s theology • Some critical issues in Paul’s theology • Center of Paul’s theology • Occasional nature of Paul’s letters & theology • Synthesis or book-by-book • Coherence & development in Paul’s theology (1 Cor 7/1 Tim 5) • Paul the Jew – Paul the Christian • Disputed and undisputed letters • The New Perspective on Paul • • “works of the Law” & justification Gk. pistis christou “faith[-fulness] in/of Christ”

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR 2. 1 Theology of Galatians • Background & situation briefly • Judaizers & different gospel (1: 6 -7) • Faith in Christ is not enough (cf. Acts 15: 1 -2) • Law & salvation • Circumcision; diet; calendar as requirements for salvation • Attack on Paul’s character & apostoleship Jewish religion and ethnicity in addition to Christ

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • Paul the apostle & truth of the Gospel • Questioning Paul’s apostleship & the Gospel • Paul’s call & gospel through revelation (1: 12, 15 -16) • • Autobiographical defense of the gospel (1: 13 -2: 14) Independent of men but approved by Jerusalem apostles (2: 1 -10) • Gospel… • • Sets free from “present evil age” (1: 4) “Son of God…gave himself for me” (2: 20) Different gospel = no gospel (1: 6; 3: 1) Conflict in Antioch perverted “truth of the Gospel” (2: 11 -14) Social dimension of the Gospel

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • True life from Gospel not Law (3: 21) • Why did Christ die? (2: 12) Theological dimension • Righteousness – correct standing before God • Through “works of the Law” OR • What God has done in Christ What is the role of Law in the past and the present? How does one enter into and maintain right standing w/ God?

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • Justification & righteousness • Gentiles not required to do “works of the Law” to be accepted • Meaning of justify/justification (Gk. dikaioo; dikaiosyne) • Making/becoming righteous OR declaring righteous (be found innocent) • • • Covenantal terminology – accepted into the New Covenant per promise* Legal terminology – declared to be in right standing (anticipation of judgmt) Right relationship/standing with God – “justifies ungodly” (2: 16; cf. Rom 4: 5) Not just forgiveness of past – present reality & future hope (5: 5) • Justification becomes operative by faith in Christ (2: 16)** • Nobody is justified by “works of the Law” • • • All the prescriptions in the Law OR Jewish “identity badges”*** Desire to trust in Christ and Law dangerous – “fallen…from grace” (5: 4) Either “works of the Law” OR “faith in Christ”

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • Law of Moses and the Gospel of Christ • Law cannot be imposed on gentiles – cannot save anybody • Jesus’ death accomplished… • • “deliverance from the present evil age” (1: 4) Redemption from the “curse of the Law” [substitution] (3: 13) Redemption from “the control of sin” (4: 5) Justification and righteousness – promised Spirit (2: 16; 3: 10 -16) • Law unable to bring life (3: 12, 21; cf. Lev 18: 5) • • Brought death and curse (3: 12 -13; cf. Deut 27: 26; Lev 18: 5) Circumcision avails nothing – only New Creation (6: 15)

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • Scripture bear witness to the Gospel • Promise to Abraham – “all nations blessed” by faith (3: 6 -9) • Justification by faith per Habakkuk (3: 11/Hab 2: 4) • Abraham righteous by faith (3: 6) • Law’s purpose – temporary arrangement (3: 16 -25) • Law = pedagogue/tutor (3: 24); points out/remedy to sin (3: 22 -23) • Law-Gospel; Law-Faith; Law-Promise; Law/flesh-Spirit; old/new • Law & the believer – Law ineffective for justification but… • Love = fulfillment of Law (5: 14; cf. Rom 13: 8 -10; 8: 4; 1 Cor 7: 19; 9: 21) • Law of Christ “carry burdens” (6: 2) & “faith working through love” (5: 6)

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • Life in the Spirit • Blessing of Abraham – promised Spirit by faith (3: 14) • Experience of the Spirit (3: 1 -5) • • Miracles (3: 4 -5) & sonship and freedom (4: 6 -11) Spirit & hope of righteousness (5: 14) • Moral life and the Spirit (5: 16 -26) • • “live” “be led” “be guided” by the Spirit (5: 16, 18, 25) Flesh and “works of the Law” vs. Spirit-life Choice & battle to “crucify flesh” and “live by Spirit ” • Not enslaved by Law but “enslavement to serve others” (5: 13 -14) • Love fulfills the Law in the power of the Spirit

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR 2. 2 Theology of 1 & 2 Thessalonians • Background & situation of 1 & 2 Thessalonians • After leaving Thessalonica Paul unable to return (1 Th 2: 18) • Timothy sent to strengthen & learn about the situation (3: 1 -5) • Timothy’s return w/ good news – Thessalonians are… • Steadfast & firm despite suffering (1 Th 1: 6; 2 Th 1: 5 -6) Social marginalization & suffering for newly adopted faith • Later: false teaching “the day of the Lord is at hand” (2 Th 2: 2) Overly eager eschatology corrected in 2 Thessalonians

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • Gospel • “Gospel of God” “Gospel of Christ” “Our Gospel” (1: 5; 2: 2 -9; 3: 2) • Gospel about God and His saving work in Christ • Turning from idols to God and waiting for Christ’s return (1: 9 -10) • Salvation from sin & God’s wrath – waiting for Christ (5: 9 -10) • Word of God = Gospel per Paul’s preaching (2: 13) • • Power of the Spirit, joy & full conviction (1: 5 -8) Paul embodies the gospel and church imitates Paul (1: 6 -8)

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • Election, salvation & sanctification • Salvation, sanctification and election (2: 12; 4: 7; 5: 24; cf. 3: 3) • • • Church as the community of “the elect” (1: 4; cf. 1: 1) Church “destined” not for wrath but salvation (5: 9) – God’s initiative Life of sanctification according to calling (2: 12; 4: 7; 5: 24; 2 Th 2: 13) • Work of faith, labor of love, steadfast hope (1: 3; 3: 2, 6; 4: 13; 5: 8) • • “work” = faith; love = community; hope = enduring suffering Call to holiness – blameless and holy life (3: 13; 5: 24) • • • Esp. sexual immorality (4: 3) & brotherly love Power [and joy] of HS & theodidaktoi (4: 8 -9; 1: 5 -6; 5: 19; cf. 2 Th 2: 13) Moral struggle as warfare while waiting for parousia (5: 8)

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • Hope of the elect and parousia • Constant and eager expectation (1: 9 -10) • Paul’s prayer for readiness – be blameless (3: 13; 5: 23) • Specific questions of parousia • What happened to those who have already died? (4: 13 -18) • Are they better or worse off? Paul’s eschatological teaching as a pastoral response

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR “if we believe Jesus died and rose…God will bring those fallen Iswith the. Jesus movement asleep in Him” (4: 14) “up” (to heaven? ) 15 For this we say to you by the word of the Lord, that we who are OR “down” (to alive and remain until the coming of the Lord, will not precede those earth? ) who have fallen asleep. 16 For the Lord Himself will descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel and with the trumpet of God, and the dead in Christ will rise first. 17 Then we who are alive and remain will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air, and so we shall always be with the Lord. 18 Therefore comfort one another with these words. (4: 15 -18)

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • Day of the Lord and parousia (4: 13 -18) • Lord will descend – “shout, voice of archangel & trumpet” Sounds “loud” and looks “visible” • • ἁρπαγησόμεθα Dead rise first and then the living to “meet in the air” ἐν νεφέλαις εἰς ἀπάντησιν τοῦ Be with the Lord forever κυρίου εἰς ἀέρα· (4: 17) Is this a public or secret event? • After “meeting in the air” – come down or go up? (4: 17) • • Gk. eis apanteesin kyriou – “honorable escort” (cf. Matt 25: 6; Acts 28: 15) No indications of “interruption” in the descend of Christ* Timing of the parousia – like a thief in the night (5: 2) Paul gives few details – context is pastoral

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • Parousia and its development in 2 Thessalonians • False teaching or rumors (2: 2) not be quickly shaken…to the effect that the day of the Lord has come. 3 Let no one in any way deceive you… (2: 2 -3) • Overly eager expectation of parousia (2: 2) • “some lazy, not working” (3: 6 -15) – b/c of the imminent end? • • Suffering – “worthy of kingdom” b/c faith & love increase* (2 Th 1: 3 -6) Signs before the end…(2: 1 -12; cf. 1 Thess 5: 2) • Apostasy & the mystery of lawlessness – “already working” (2: 3, 7) • • Will be destroyed by the Lord “with breath of his mouth” (2: 8) “Restrainer” (2: 6 -7) Present affliction not “the end”

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • What/who is the “lawless one”? • • Events in recent history (e. g. Caligula’s statue/alike) Antichrist/beast (1 John 2: 18; 4: 3; 2 John 7; Rev 11: 7; 13: 1 -18) • What/who is the “restrainer”? • • • God, Holy Spirit; Satan Angel Apollyon (Rev 9: 11) or Michael (Jude 9; Rev 12: 7) Church or prominent leader Gentile mission (cf. Mark 13: 10) Roman law and order (Rom 13: 1 -7) Augustine: “the meaning…completely escapes me” (City of God 20. 19)

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • Suffering and persecution • Suffering not an indicator of the imminent end (2 Thess 1: 5 -7) • Purpose of suffering • Make worthy of the gospel – prove their faith genuine (1: 5) • Life in the midst of suffering • Live peacefully: work & mind own business (1 Thess 4: 11 -12) • Do good to each other and outsiders (5: 15) • God’s justice & ultimate reward (5: 9; 2 Thess 1: 10; 3: 3)

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • Conclusion – 1 -2 Thessalonians • Church is a community God’s elect that are called to live life of holiness and mutual love through the power of the Sprit as they eagerly wait for Christ coming • Proclamation of the gospel • Election of the sanctified community • Parousia of the Lord

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR 2. 3 Theology of 1 Corinthians • Background & situation briefly • Paul founded the church (Acts 18) • Paul wrote the “lost letter” (5: 9) • Response to quarrels (1: 11) & for further clarification (7: 1, 25; 8: 1, 4; 12: 1; 16: 1, 12; cf. 16: 15 -18) From Ephesus AD 52 -53

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • Problems within the Corinthian church • Disunity within church (1: 11 -12) • Sexual immorality (5: 1 -13; 6: 18 -20) • Abstinence within marriage (7: 1 -7) • Litigations (6: 1 -11) & idolatry (10: 1 -22) • Disorder within church services (11 -14) • • Lord’s supper Spiritual gifts • The nature of and belief in the resurrection (15: 1 -58) Frame for the pastoral & practical theology of 1 Corinthians

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • Wisdom of God and Cross of Christ • Divisions (1: 11 -15) & boasting in the community (1: 28 -31) • Search for wisdom, power, & manifestations of the Spirit • Wisdom of God and “message of the Cross” (1: 18 -2: 5) • Folly of the cross to perishing (1: 18 -22) • Scandal for Jews, stumbling block for Greeks (1: 22) Saved – perishing; believe – unbelieving; fool – wise; power –weakness Paradox of God’s revelation that defies human wisdom • • • God’s way of saving humanity – folly and weakness of the cross Received on the basis of faith: confounds wise & excludes boasting Paul’s circumstances & community standing confirm this (1: 26 -31; 2: 1 -5)

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • God’s wisdom: righteousness, sanctification, redemption from Christ* • • Consists of righteousness, sanctification & redemption** Believers examples of righteousness, sanctification, redemption*** • • • Christ’s work in the believer – transformation (6: 9 -11) Justification & sanctification overlap – change in position & condition Wisdom to those who are pneumatikoi – not psychikoi (2: 14 -15) Available by faith to those w/ Spirit (2: 1, 6, 13) • • Are there pneumatikoi who do not understand? (3: 1, 19; cf. 1: 4 -9) Not all are mature (Gk. teleios) [OR not really believers at all? ] • God’s power, wisdom & Spirit intimately connected to • • Cross, shame, foolishness manifested in the cross At the same time cross is the very wisdom and power of God

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • Unity of the sanctified community • Church as sanctified community …to those who are sanctified in Christ Jesus, and called to be saints… 1: 4 I always thank my God for you because of the grace of God that was given to you in Christ Jesus. 1: 5 For you were made rich in every way in him, in all your speech and in every kind of knowledge 7 – 1: 6 just as the testimony about Christ has been confirmed among you – 1: 7 so that you do not lack any spiritual gift as you wait for the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ. 1: 8 He will also strengthen you to the end, so that you will be blameless on the day of our Lord Jesus Christ. 1: 9 God is faithful, by whom you were called into fellowship with his son, Jesus Christ our Lord. (1 Cor 1: 4 -9) All this in light of problems in Corinthian church

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • Ekklesia as local congregation (6: 4; 11: 18; 14: 4 -5; 16: 1, 19) • Church of God (ekklesia tou theou) as larger entity (1 Cor 15: 9; 10: 32) • Sanctified community, theology of cross, and election (1: 2 -3) • • “called to be saints” “set apart” (1: 2) objects of God’s love Holy and sanctified community – connected to other ekklesiai • • • Christ’s wisdom, righteousness, sanctification, redemption (1: 30) “washed, sanctified, justified” through Christ & Spirit (6: 11) Body of Christ & Temple of the Spirit (10: 16; 11: 29; 3: 16; 6: 19) • Baptism as an entry ritual (1: 13; 12: 13) Unity and holiness of the body threatened by divisions and sin

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • Threats to the unity of the sanctified community • Spirit-experience & transformed life not in balance Boundaries that may not be crossed • Sexual immorality (1 Cor 5: 1 -3; 6: 9 -20) • Church discipline & sanctity of the community Body as “new batch” free from leaven – “as you really are” (5: 6 -8) Temple of HS; “one Spirit w/ Lord”; one body* (6: 12 -20) • Sexual abstinence in marriage (7: 1 -40) • Danger of falling into sexual immorality (7: 2, 7)

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • Lawsuits among believers (6: 1 -8) • Community disputes & future judgment (6: 1 -3)* - behave “as if” • Worship and the sanctity of the community • Participation in Christ does not guarantee practical holiness • Israel’s “baptism” & spiritual “food & drink” (10: 1 -5) Fell into idolatry • • Church cannot have koinonia w/ Christ and idols/demons (10: 10 -20) Lord’s supper as spiritual koinonia w/ one another (11: 17 -34; 10: 17) • “one goes hungry, others drunk” (11: 21)** – body of Christ & holiness Unity of the body, proclamation of Christ’s death, resurrection, parousia

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • Body of Christ (12: 12 -31) – metaphor for the church • Spirit – “Jesus is Lord” (12: 3) & “baptism into body” (12: 13) • Spiritual gifts: “same Spirit, same Lord, same God” (12: 4 -6) • “manifestation of the Spirit for the common good” • • Roles and variety of gifts (12: 29 -30) Interdependence of the members of the body (12: 25 -26) • Orderly use of gifts in the assembly (14: 1 -19) • • Importance of prophecy over tongues – for common good (14: 1 -12) Orderly contribution according to gifts by all (14: 26 -40) God’s character & worship (order, peace, judgment, revelation) Response: worship, edification, instruction, discernment, repentance

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • Resurrection and afterlife (1 Cor 15; cf. 2 Cor 5) • “No resurrection” (15: 12) & “How are the dead raised” (15: 35) • Gospel as a fact attested by Scripture & witnesses (15: 1 -11) • Connection b/w Christ’s and believer’s resurrection (15: 12 -19) • • • Affirm one, gain the other – deny one, loose both Christ as “first fruits” – “death in Adam, alive in Christ” Christ’s reign, second coming, and handing of Kingdom to Father (15: 24 -28)

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR 1) Christ’s • Does Paul talk about (or imply) a literal Millennium in 2)1 Resurrection Cor 15? * resurrection 23 But of believers each in his own order: Christ the first fruits, after that those who are 3) Christ hands 24 then comes the end, when He hands over the Christ’s at His coming, Kingdom to Father kingdom to the God and Father, when He has abolished all rule and all 4) Final 25 authority and power. For He must reign until He has put all His enemies resurrection & death under His feet. 26 The last enemy that will be abolished is death. 27 For HEabolished HAS PUT ALL THINGS IN SUBJECTION UNDERHIS FEET. But when He says, “All things are put in subjection, ” it is evident that He is excepted who put all things in subjection to Him. 28 When all things are subjected to Him, then the Son Himself also will be subjected to the One who subjected all things to Him, so that God may be all in all. (1 Cor 15: 23 -28) Alternatively the sequence of no: 2 -4 happen simultaneously**

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • Resurrection body (15: 35 -58) • Continuity & discontinuity b/w earthy body & resurrection body • • • Seed and plant – different types of “bodies” Perishable – imperishable; Glory – dishonor; weakness – power Sin/death – power & glory Physical [psychikon] body – spiritual [pneumatikon] body Mortal body – immortality Adam (living being & from earth) – Christ (life-giving spirit & heaven) • Man of dust – man of heaven --- resurrection & “heaven-image” Mystery of the last trumpet, transformation & defeat of death/evil • Resurrection & judgment – live a holy life (15: 58 -16: 1 -4; 6: 14)

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR 2. 4 Theology of 2 Corinthians • Background & situation briefly • After writing 1 Cor from Ephesus (1 Cor 16: 5 -7) • • Change in plans – “painful confrontation” (2 Cor 2: 5; 7: 12; 13: 2) Arrival of “super-apostles” (11: 5; 12: 11) & contest for authority • • • “tearful letter” (cf. 1 Cor 5: 9; 2 Cor 2: 3 -4, 9; 7: 12) “ultimatum” to the church to discipline (2 Cor 2: 9; 7: 12; regret 7: 8) Trials in Asia – “deadly peril” (1: 8 -9) Paul to Troas (2: 12 -13); message from Titus about repentance (7: 9 -11) Paul’s confidence restored (7: 16) 2 Cor as a response to ongoing disputes, persecutions & false teachers

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • God & Lord Jesus Christ • God and Christ inseparable (1: 1 -4; 3: 4; 8: 1; 9: 8, 14) • God – source of peace, grace, apostleship & Lord of the church • Compassion, mercy, faithfulness – experience of hope (1: 8 -9) • God in Christ bringing reconciliation (5: 18) • Life-giving power of God & resurrection of Christ (4: 14) • Christ as Lord, “glory” and “image” of God (4: 4; 2: 8) Knowledge & glory of God in the “face of Jesus” (4: 6) • • • Beholding the glory of the Lord/Sprit & transformation (3: 14 -18) Judgment seat of Christ (5: 10) “New creation”, reconciliation & union w/ Christ (5: 17 -18)

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • Old and New Covenant (6: 16; 11: 25) • Ministers of the covenants – Moses & Paul (2: 16 -4: 6) • • “apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God” (1: 1; cf. 2: 16) “competence from God” for new covenant (2: 16; 3: 5 -6) • Comparison of old and new covenants (cf. Jer 31: 31 -33; Ezek 36: 26) • • • Tablet of stone, letter [=Law]; death and condemnation (3: 3, 6, 9) • Greater glory in Christ; open face-to-face relationship; freedom; transformation into Christ-likeness (3: 11 -18) • “unveiled glory” (cf. Ex 34: 29 -35) seen & reflected in Christ (4: 4 -6) Revealed [lesser] glory but didn’t impart life; veil (3: 7, 10, 12) Spirit & tablet of heart; competence from God; justification & glory; transparency (3: 3 -11)

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • Suffering & glory – “momentary affliction…eternal glory” • Suffering Christ as aroma of death and life (1: 5; 2: 14 -15) • Christ made “sin for us” (5: 21) • Christ became “poor for us” (8: 9) • Conformity to Christ – paradox of suffering and glory • Triumphant procession & “sufferings of Christ for us “ (2: 14; 1: 5)

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • Glory in clay jars to demonstrate “extraordinary power” (4: 7) • Affliction & carrying the death of Christ (4: 10; 1: 8) Make Jesus visible in his body – Paul as illustration of the gospel; inner life and renewal through Spirit (4: 16) • Christ’s ambassador of the glorious new covenant (5: 20) • Afflictions for the sake of Christ (6: 4 -10) • Power in weakness & God’s grace (11: 22 -12: 10) • • Response to “super apostles”* - boasting of suffering (11: 5; 12: 11) Christ’s power manifested in weakness, suffering, hardships (12: 9 -10) God’s glory, power and wisdom through cross and apostolic suffering

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • Life beyond death (5: 1 -10; cf. 1 Cor 15) • 1 Cor 15 states… • Resurrection of Christ implies general resurrection • Resurrection body will be transformed by the Spirit • This will happen at the “last trumpet” in Christ’s coming • 2 Cor 5 – Resurrection power, suffering & weakness • Clay jar is “afflicted”, “perplexed”, “persecuted”, “struck down” “given to death” constantly BUT Spirit invigorates “inner life” (4: 6 -18)

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • Life after death (2 Cor 5: 1 -10) • Intermediate state (Phil 1: 21 -23) OR resurrection body (1 Cor 15)? • • Earthly tent (groaning) – building from God/heavenly dwelling Naked – clothed (cf. 4: 16) Mortality – (eternal) life through the Spirit In the body – home with the Lord • Earthly tent, naked, in the body = present life • Building/dwelling, life, “home w/ Lord” = “heaven” OR “resurrection” What is the meaning of these phrases? How to combine w/ other Pauline texts (1 Cor 15; 1 Thess 4; Phil 1: 20 -26; 3: 20 -21)

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • Resurrection body only at parousia (cf. 1 Cor 15; 1 Thess 4; Phil 3: 20 -21) • “being with the Lord” as intermediate non-bodily state (Phil 1: 20 -26) Most viable option (otherwise final resurrection makes little sense) • Resurrection body received at death (2 Cor 5: 1 -10) • No intermediate states (cf. Phil 1: 21 -23) • “Soul sleep” and resurrection at parousia (1 Cor 15) • How to reconcile with Phil 1: 20 -26 and 2 Cor 5: 1 -10? Practical exhortation to live godly life because… Judgment seat of Christ

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR • God, Christ, and the Spirit in 1 -2 Corinthians – sample passages there is no God but one… 5 For even 4 “Hear, O Israel! The LORD is our God, the LORD is one! 5 You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might. (Deut 6: 4 -5) if there are so-called gods whether in heaven or on earth, as indeed there are many gods and many lords, 6 yet for us there is but one God, the ἄκουε Ισραηλ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν Father, from whom are all things and we exist for Him; and one Lord, Jesus κύριος εἷς ἐστιν 5 καὶ ἀγαπήσεις κύριον τὸνand θεόν σου ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας σου Christ, by whom are all things, God-Father and Lord 6 ἀλλ᾽ ἐξ ὅλης τῆς ψυχῆς σου καὶεἷς ἐξθεὸς ὅλης ὁτῆς ἡμῖν we exist through Him. (1 Cor 8: 6) Jesusκαὶ remain δυνάμεώς σου (LXX Deut. 6: 4 -5) πατὴρ ἐξ οὗ τὰ πάντα καὶ separate yet ONE God • Contrast between idols and one true God 4. • ἡμεῖς εἰς αὐτόν, καὶ εἷς κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς Adaption of Deut 6: 4 -5 – the monotheistic Creedδι᾽ about οὗ τὰGod πάντα καὶ ἡμεῖς δι᾽ αὐτοῦ. Cor. 8: 6) • Christological monotheism – One God and One Lord Jesus (1 Christ • Identity of Jesus is found in the very essence of one God of Israel*

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR 11 Such were some of you; but you were washed, but you were sanctified, but you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and in the Spirit of our God. (1 Cor 6: 11) • Practical Trinity in operation • Christ as the Lord over all • Spirit as cleansing agent • God (Father) as the foundation 25 Then I will sprinkle clean water on you, and you will be clean; I will cleanse you from all your filthiness and from all your idols. 26 Moreover, I will give you a new heart and put a new spirit within you; and I will remove the heart of stone from your flesh and give you a heart of flesh. 27 I will put My Spirit within you and cause you to walk in My statutes, and you will be careful to observe My ordinances. (Ezek 36: 25 -27) Cooperation of all three person echoing Ezekiel’s promise

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR 14 The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit, be with you all. (2 Cor 13: 13) Ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἡ κοινωνία τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν. (2 Cor 13: 13) • Final Benediction • Triadic reference to God – Lord Jesus – God (Father) – Spirit • Fellowship (κοινωνία) of the Spirit enables participation into God’s love and the grace of Lord Jesus Christ • God as Jesus, God, and Holy Spirit work together harmoniously

THEOLOGY OF GAL, 1 -2 THESS & 1 -2 COR 4 Now there are varieties of gifts, but the same Spirit. 5 And there are varieties of ministries, and the same Lord. 6 There are varieties of effects, but the same God who works all things in all persons. (1 Cor 12: 4 -6) Διαιρέσεις δὲ χαρισμάτων εἰσίν, τὸ δὲ αὐτὸ πνεῦμα· 5 καὶ διαιρέσεις διακονιῶν εἰσιν, καὶ ὁ αὐτὸς κύριος· 6 καὶ διαιρέσεις ἐνεργημάτων εἰσίν, ὁ δὲ αὐτὸς θεὸς ὁ ἐνεργῶν τὰ πάντα ἐν πᾶσιν. (1 Cor 12: 4 -6) 4 • Spiritual gifts and the One God • “the same Spirit, the same Lord, the same God” • Triadic God operates together to… • Distribute spiritual gifts; enable ministries; brings results