THE 5511 NEW TESTAMENT THEOLOGY CLASS XII HOLY

THE 5511 NEW TESTAMENT THEOLOGY CLASS XII: HOLY SPIRIT AND SPIRITUAL GIFTS IN NT THEOLOGY

HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY 1. 1 Introduction to Holy Spirit in NT theology • Less emphasized aspect in NT theology • Number of distinct angles to Spirit in NT theology • Spirit in relation to God and Son • Spirit’s work in salvation, sanctification, eschatology etc. • • • Spiritual gifts Empowerment, filling, baptism of the Spirit, and moral life Spirit and the church How to synthesize divergent yet similar aspects of the Spirit?

HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY 2. 1 Preliminary aspects of the Spirit in NT Theology • • Spirit in OT and Judaism Spirit in the OT* • • Spirit of prophecy in Judaism • • • God’s invisible activity in power (Jdg 3: 10; 6: 34; 11: 29) Presence in revelation and wisdom (Num 11: 25 -29; 27: 18 Isa 48: 16) Eschatological Spirit (Isa 32: 15; 61: 1 -3; Joel 2: 28 -29; Ezek 37) Charismatic revelation and guidance (Sir 48: 24; 1 En 91: 1) Charismatic wisdom (4 Ez 14: 22; Sir 39: 6) Inspired charismatic speech, praise (Ant. 4. 119; Jub 25: 14; 31: 12: Philo Spec. 4. 49) Source of power and ethical transformation & worship (2 Bar 21: 4; 23: 5; 1 QH 7. 6 -7) Spirit of Messiah (Isa 11: 1 -2; 1 En 49: 2 -3; Ps. Sol 17: 37; 18: 7; 1 QSb 5. 25) Did Jews believe that charismatic Spirit had withdrawn? (Tosefta Sotah 13. 3 -4) • Spirit of prophecy rare and weak – wisdom & Torah eschatological Spirit

HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY • Synoptic Gospels and Acts • • • Virgin birth (Lk 1: 35) Spirit of prophecy – “filling, prophecy, revelation, joy” (Lk 1 -2) Empowering, guidance, baptism of the Spirit (Lk 4: 14, 16 -18; Mt 4: 1) • Joy (Lk 10: 21); contrasted w/ evil spirits (Lk 11: 24 -26; 13: 11) • Revelatory wisdom to the persecuted disciples (Lk 12: 12) Promise of the Spirit (Lk 3: 15; 11: 13; 24: 48; Acts 1: 4 -5) Personal nature of the Spirit • Spirit of the Lord [God/Jesus] (Acts 5: 9; 8: 39; 16: 7) • • Spirit speaks/witnesses (2: 22; 5: 30; 8: 29; 10: 19; 11: 12; 13: 2; 20: 23; 21: 11) Lying/testing the Spirit (5: 3 -4, 9; 15: 10) Personalizations of the Spirit “Comfort of the Sprit” (9: 31; Lk 1: 35) Spirit from God but given by/through Jesus*

HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY • The gift of the Spirit • Jesus – conceived by, receives and gives the Spirit (Lk 1: 35; 4: 14; Acts 2: 33) • Verbs about the gift of the Spirit • • • “receive” (Acts 1: 8, 2: 33; 8: 15 -19; 10: 47; 19: 2); “pour out” (2: 17 -18, 33; 10: 45) “give” (8: 18; 11: 17, 15: 18); “come upon” (1: 8; 19: 6) “fall upon” (10: 45, 11: 15); “baptize” (1: 5; 11: 16; Lk 3: 16) • Spirit’s role in Acts • • • Gift of the Father & Son – marks the new eschatological age Connected to admission into God’s people, conversion, and water baptism Guides & empowers individuals/church in and for ministry • Four main accounts of the “coming” of the Spirit in Acts • • Pentecost (2: 1 -4; cf. 4: 31); Samaritans (8: 15 -19); Cornelius & friends (Acts 10 -11); Ephesian twelve (19: 1 -7) How to understand the “coming/filling/baptism” of the Spirit?

HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY • Making sense of the Spirit’s role in Acts • Acts 1: 8 and 2: 1 -4 fulfillment of Lk 24: 49; 3: 16 (& Joel 2: 28 -29) • • Reception of the Spirit to mark “the last days” Communion of the believers with ascended Lord Conversion, empowerment, revelatory knowledge, wisdom, guidance • Tongues and prophecy as signs of Spirit’s work through Jesus* • Jews (2: 4); Samaritans (8: 14 -18); Gentiles (10: 46)**; Ephesian 12 (19: 6) • Two important questions: • Can there be believers in Jesus without the Spirit? (8: 14 -18; 19: 6) • Is the Spirit-reception connected to conversion and/or empowerment? • Are there two stages in reception of the Sprit in Acts? • Conversion-initiation and subsequent Spirit-baptism?

HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY • Reception of the Spirit in Acts Read Acts 8: 1 -24 – how is Spirit reception understood? 1) No formula 2) Conversioninitiation 3) Spirit-baptism after a) Sign-event to confirm the inclusion of Samaritans per apostolic hands conversion • Not paradigmatic for current practice b) Lucan [descriptive] anomaly – deficient/incomplete “faith” of Samaritans • Limited Luke’s unique pneumatology – pastoral concern to remedy anomaly applicability c) Evidence that Spirit given after conversion (two-stage Spirit reception*) • To support doctrine of the two-stage “baptism of the Spirit” • Gentiles receive the Spirit, Cornelius as paradigmatic gentile** (10: 46) • Read Acts 19: 1 -7 – The Ephesian 12 c) Evidence for the two-stage Spirit reception – “delay” b/w faith & Spirit*** b) Lucan anomaly per disciples of John the Baptist & salvation-history

HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY • How does Luke depict salvation & reception of the Spirit? • Reception of the Spirit at conversion? (2: 38 -39 [41*]; 9: 17 -19; 10: 44 -49) • Spirit received subsequent to conversion? • Should one assume reception of the Spirit at conversion even when it is (a) Not explicitly mentioned (“disciples” 19: 1; 8: 36 -38; 16: 16, 33; 18: 8 etc. ) (b) Specifically denied (“believed…Spirit not yet fallen” 8: 12 -16) • Spirit-reception as conversion-initiation + empowerment + community life • Luke does not have identical pneumatology with Paul • Additional questions – • How should one see the experience of the 12 disciples? In light of John 20: 22? • • In what sense participating into Jesus’ kingdom activities is significant? In what sense should Jesus’ baptism be seen as a parallel to Acts 2: 1 -4/1: 8?

HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY • Spirit in John’s Gospel and Epistles • Water symbolism (Jh 3: 3 -5; 7: 37 -39; 4: 13 -14; cf. 6: 63) • Connection to salvation/new birth; revelatory wisdom/knowledge • Spirit as “second” paraclete (Jh 13 -17) • Reveals Jesus/truth; presence; teaches; convicts & ethical life • Reception of the Spirit in John 20: 22 – Key passage And when He had said this, He breathed on them and said to them, “Receive the Holy Spirit. ” (John 20: 22) 1) Actual reception of the Spirit (cf. Gen 2: 7; Wisd 15; Philo) 2) John’s “Pentecost” – replacement of Acts 2 3) Symbolic, anticipating Spirit’s descend at Pentecost (cf. 7: 39)

HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY • Some questions to consider* • Is the ministry of the Paraclete visible in John after 20: 22? • • • Teaching, reminding, convicting, revelation of truth etc. (cf. 16: 7) Has Jesus been “lifted up”/fully with Father? (cf. 20: 17; 7: 39**) Has Jesus departed and Paraclete replaced him (16: 7; cf. 20: 26 -29)*** Week later behind locked doors; later lack comprehension (20: 26 -29; 21: 1 -23) Did John know of the Pentecost experience as an event (Acts 2)? a) Two-stage giving of the Spirit (20: 22 and Acts 2) b) Salvation-historical anomaly, not paradigmatic for present • • Theologically one gift of the Spirit, two chronological foci (1996: 99) Ascension now complete so no need to repeat the event

HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY • Spirit in Paul’s Epistles • Spirit possession as mark of every true believer (1 Cor 15: 45; Rom 8: 16) • Confession “Jesus is Lord” through the Spirit (1 Cor 12: 1 -2) • Indwells believer (Rom 8: 9 -11; Gal 4: 6) – “in Christ/in Adam” • • Psychikos vs. pneumatikos (1 Cor 2: 14 -15; cf. 15: 44 -6) Empowers proclamation (1 Cor 2: 4; Rom 15: 18 -19) • New covenant gift – letter-Spirit contrast (2 Cor 3: 6) • Revelatory wisdom, life, righteousness, freedom, “beholding the Lord” (3: 6, 9, 17) • Enables transformation and moral life (Rom 8: 13 -14; Gal 5: 16) • • “Washing, sanctification, justification” (1 Cor 6: 9 -11; 2 Cor 3: 16) Spirit’s transforming power not automatic – spiritual battle (Gal 5: 17; Eph 6)

HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY • 1 st fruits of the age to come & guarantee of resurrection (Rom 8: 23; 1 Cor 15: 42 -45; 2 Cor 1: 22; 5: 5; Eph 1: 4)* • Spiritual gifts presuppose “Jesus is Lord” (1 Cor 12 -14) • • Various Spirit-infused gifts (1 Cor 12 -14; Rom 12) Revelatory function of the Spirit (1 Cor 2: 10 -15; 12: 8) • No clear distinction b/w “supernatural” and “natural” gifts • Spirit of God/Christ (Rom 8: 9 -11; Phil 1: 19) • • • Spirit now related to Christ (cf. OT Spirit of YHWH) Father, Son, Spirit (2 Cor 13: 12 -14; Eph 1: 1 -10; 4: 4 -6) Trinitarian traces (1 Cor 12: 1 -4) Spirit as an eschatological gift in fulfillment of OT – now as “first fruit” and finally as full revelation of God and Christ

HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY • Spirit baptism in Paul – one, two, or many times? 13 For by one Spirit we were all baptized into one body, whether Jews or Greeks, whether slaves or free, and we were all made to drink of one Spirit. (1 Cor 12: 13) Does this passage talk about two-stage Spirit reception? • • 1) Spirit “baptized…” and 2) “…drink of one Spirit”? Does Paul think of two separate events or one event by use of parallelism? • If two events, does it indicate two theologically distinct events? * Spirit is the key to all, beginning and continuing, aspects of Christian life

HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY • Interpretation of “rebirth” & “renewal” – one or two events? 5 He saved us, not on the basis of • Washing, rebirth, renewal, Spirit? deeds which we have done in righteousness, but according to His mercy, by the washing of regeneration and renewing by the 6 • Internal washing through Spirit* OR Holy Spirit, whom He poured out upon us richly through Jesus • HS given in baptism Christ our Savior, 7 so that being 1) One act of grace but two separate justified by His grace we would be made heirs… (Tit stages): conversion and on-going grace Tit 3: 5 -7) 3: 3 -5 • • Exact relationship of concepts? “Rebirth and renewal” as the result of “washing/baptism” of renewal through the Sprit 2) Two acts of grace: “washing of rebirth” & “renewal of the HS” The role of HS in transformation and renewal (cf. 1 Cor 6: 9 -11)

HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY Interpretative options – Tit 3: 5 c* διὰ λουτροῦ παλιγγενεσίας καὶ ἀνακαινώσεως πνεύματος ἁγίου Literal translation: “Through the washing of rebirth and renewal of/by the Holy Spirit” What’s the big deal/ Interpretative options: significance? 1) Through the washing of rebirth and 2) (through) renewal of the Holy Spirit Two distinct operations: 1) “washing of rebirth” 2) “renewal of the HS” Two events: 1) Conversion 2) Baptism of HS Through the washing of rebirth and renewal, by the Holy Spirit Single operation+ result: “washing” “renewal and rebirth” Holy Spirit as the agent Single event + two perspectives “renewal & rebirth”

HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY • Spirit in Hebrews • Less emphasis – what is hinted/presupposed of Spirit’s work? • Christ offered himself through “eternal S/spirit” (9: 14) • • Spirit’s empowerment or eternal/God’s principle? “share in the HS” (6: 4) – Spirit connected to salvation & power • “Heavenly gift, good word, and powers of the age to come” • God testified about salvation through “signs, miracles, wonders…gifts of the Holy Spirit” (2: 1 -4) • Insulting the “Spirit of grace” (10: 29) – Spirit as the source of grace Little explicit explanation of the Spirit’s work

HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY • Spirit in 1 Peter* • Trinitarian traces – divine economy of Father, Son, Spirit • Sanctifying work of the Spirit to obey Christ (1: 2) • OT prophets and prophecy – Spirit of Christ (1: 10 -12) • Preaching “through the Spirit” (1: 12) • Spirit of glory & persecuted believers – connected to “blessed” (4: 14) • Made “alive by Spirit” (3: 18) – reference to Christ resurrection • Spiritual gifts (χάρισμα; 4: 10 -11)

HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY • James, 2 Peter and Jude • James – wisdom “replaces” Spirit (cf. intertestamental ideas) • “jealously desires for the Spirit…in us” (4: 5) πρὸς φθόνον ἐπιποθεῖ τὸ πνεῦμα ὃ κατῴκισεν ἐν ἡμῖν* New covenant Spirit (cf. 1: 18, 21)** • God’s Spirit or human spirit? (Cf. Lk 11: 13; Gal 5: 22 -23) • 2 Peter – OT prophecy and Scripture (2 Pet 1: 21) • Jude – false teachers “devoid of Spirit” and prayer in Spirit (20 -21)

HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY • Spirit in Revelation • John “in the Spirit” (1: 10, 4: 2, 17: 3, 21: 10) • Spirit connected to God’s revelatory activity • Spirit speaks to churches (2: 7, 11, 17, 29; 3: 6, 13, 22) • • Spirit-guided and Spiritconscious audience Risen Christ’s immediate message through the Spirit “let him hear…Spirit to churches” – perception of Spirit’s voice “Blessed…die in the Lord…Yes, says the Spirit” (14: 13) Unclean spirits as a contrast to the Holy Spirit (16: 13 -14; 18: 2) • “Grace and peace from” the seven spirits [=HS] (1: 4 -5) • Angels do not occupy the throne, cannot be worshipped (4: 5; 5: 6; cf. 22: 8 -9) • “Testimony of Jesus…S/spirit of prophecy” (19: 10) • Invitation of the Spirit to Jesus for life (22: 17)

HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY • Some preliminary conclusions of the Spirit in NT • Spirit stands in close relation to the Father and Son • • • New covenant Spirit/Paraclete as fulfillment of OT Eschatological Spirit now poured – already-not-yet Personal aspects of the Spirit • Spirit essential in conversion • • New birth/creation by Spirit-infused revelatory insight On-going life of the individual and congregation • • Transformation and moral life Testimony, preaching, boldness Spiritual gifts, charismatic praise, joy, wisdom, spiritual insight Filling, guidance, empowerment for church and individuals

HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY Spirit’s work 2. 2 “Filling/baptism” of the Spirit – Theological perspectives objectivized = through Word & 1) Cessationist view – historic protestant churches; western evangelicals sacraments (only) • Spirit’s miraculous activity relegated to the time of the apostles One event: Baptism of HS (= Reception of Spirit at conversion – subsequent fillings conversion) + • Degrees of charismatic manifestations for today* subsequent fillings • Charismatic Catholic, Protestant churches, some new charismatics 2) Conversion-initiation view – Most evangelicals • 3) Two-stage view** – classical Pentecostalism & some Charismatics • • Two theologically separate stages/events Spirit received at conversion and Spirit-baptism as “second blessing” for empowerment to ministry Which view is most faithful to the entire NT witness? Two*** events: 1) Conversion 2) Baptism of HS

HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY • Key Scriptures and interpretative options in the debate • Cessationist debate – Is the Bible to teleion? (1 Cor 13: 10) • Preliminary question (1 Cor 13: 8 -12; Heb 2: 2 -4) • Importance of terminology – “filling, baptism” etc. • Interpretation of key passages in Acts 2; 8; 10; 19 • Hermeneutical approach to Acts – descriptive or prescriptive? • Relationship of Acts 2 to John 20: 22 • Interpretation of 1 Cor 12 -14, esp. 12: 13 and connection to Acts Theological synthesis of the sections into coherent formulation

HOLY SPIRIT IN NT THEOLOGY • Spirit and miracles today • Esp. https: //youtu. be/LYBn. JF 2 P_WQ (24: 45 ff. )