Terrorism The Long War Is This Terror Organized

Terrorism The Long War

Is This Terror? ? Organized Crime? Political Assassination?

Is THIS Terror? Gang Violence? War Between Nations?

WHAT IS TERRORISM? ? • Threat or use of violence • For a Political Purpose • Targets Civilians • Manipulate with fear

The Goals of Terror • Politics –Change the current system • End injustice • New Order • Society corrupt

Strategies • Asymmetrical • Create impression of being unsafe, impotence of government • Media Events

Operations • Low Cost • Covert in Nature • Hit symbols of the nation and the home

Organizations • Small Groups –Cells –Don’t know other cells or their superiors • Usually have state funding

Meet a Terrorist (Typical Traits of) Male, single, 18 -27 Low education Low Income Low Self-Esteem Thinks has no control over life • Displacement of problems • • •

Their Handiwork… Spain, March 11, 04 London Bali Night Club Oct. Beslan Russia Sept. 4, 2004 July 7, 2005

Wahhabism Wahhabi Students at a Madrassa • Uses Koran PLUS Wahhab’s book Kitab al-Tawhib • Literal interpretation • Puritanical in Faith, against change in worship • All non-Wahhabi’s are ENEMIES OF GOD

Meanwhile in Saudi Arabia… • Saudi’s let US keep troops in the “Holy Land” during wars and asks US to stay for stability afterwards. • Wahhabis & Bin Laden angry over infidel troops in land of Mohammed

Troubling Saudi Demographics Why a Problem? • ½ the 26. 5 MM Saudis in two cities AND under 25!!! • 1/3 unemployed • In last 20 years, per Capita GDP dropped from $28. 5 K to $6. 8 K

Why the Saudi People Are Angry (and other Middle Easterners) Oil… and Resentment

All Told, The Middle East Is a Relatively Unstable Place Today.

The U. S. and Terrorism: The Path to 9/11

The Persian Gulf War of 1991 • Cause: Iraqi Leader Saddam Hussein invades Kuwait • Problem: Threatens the control of the Middle East’s Oil Supply

Operation Desert Storm • President George H. W. Bush leads a UN coalition to expel Saddam for Kuwait • The war lasts about 5 days and is a complete US victory

Operation Desert Storm • Aug 1990 –Iraq occupies Kuwait –UN says leave • Feb. 1991 – US led coalition frees Kuwait Media images of destroyed –Highway of Death • Iraqi Shiites >: ( Iraqi retreat turn Western stomachs, prevent West from marching into Iraq… oops!!!

Postwar Plans • Bush makes the decision not to remove Saddam Hussein from power • U. S. troops remain based in Saudi Arabia to patrol “No. Fly Zones” over Iraq

World Trade Center Bombing 1993 • Truck bomb in parking garage kills 6 and wounds over a thousand • U. S. troops remain based in Saudi Arabia to patrol “No. Fly Zones” over Iraq Ramzi Yousef

U. S. Intervention in Somalia • In 1992, the U. S. sends troops into Somalia to protect ethnic minorities and alleviate the suffering due to a famine • U. S. troops get caught in a Somali Civil War involving Islamic warlords

Black Hawk Down • 18 U. S. troops are killed in street fighting by soldiers loyal to Islamic warlord Mohammed Farah Aidid • President Clinton decides to withdraw all U. S. troops from Somalia

Oklahoma City Bombing - 1995 • 168 Americans are killed in a truck bomb blast • Target is a federal government building • Worst act of domestic terrorism in American history

Timothy Mc. Veigh • Persian Gulf War Veteran • Revenge for government action at Waco, Texas and against militia groups

Embassy Bombings - 1998 • Hundreds of people are killed in twin bombings at the American embassies in Tanzania and Kenya • Credit claimed by Egyptian Islamic Jihad • Osama bin Laden put on the FBI’s 10 Most Wanted List

Columbine - 1999 • Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold kill 13 people at Columbine High School in Colorado and then commit suicide

USS Cole - 2000 • Al-Qaeda launches a suicide attack on the U. S. S. Cole in a port off Yemen. • 17 sailors killed; 39 injured

September 11, 2001 • 2, 995 people are killed including 19 hijackers • Worst attack on American soil since Pearl Harbor

American Resilience – “Let’s Roll”

Osama Bin Laden • Saudi born wealthy son of contractor • Anger over US troops in Saudi Arabia • Fought Soviets in Afghanistan • Issues Fatwa to declare war on US

The Wahhabi/Saudi Threat? • Using Oil wealth, Saudi’s have been creating Wahhabi schools globally… • Bin Laden & Taliban Wahhabis • 15 of the 19 9/11 hijackers Saudi Wahhabis

The Patriot Act • Gives the NSA and FBI greater ability to conduct searches of phone, computer and other communications (to name a few provisions) to fight terrorism • Department of Homeland Security established.

Invasion of Afghanistan - 2001 • Target: Break-up the Taliban government that has been harboring Al-Qaeda training camps • Osama bin Laden escapes (most likely to Pakistan)

The New Taliban Order Public Executions Beards & Burqas Female Healthcare Destroy non. Muslim history • Morality Police –“Allah hu aqbar” at soccer games • •

The US Invades Afghanistan • Strategic blunder of Al Qaeda? ? ? • Taliban forced into mountains and Bin Laden went into hiding

Democracy and Stability in Afghanistan? ? ? • Hamid Karzai voted in as first freely elected leader • Loya Jirga is the parliament & represents the people

Invasion of Iraq - 2003 • Target: Remove Saddam Hussein from power because he is holding WMDs • Bush Doctrine: Preemptive war against states sponsoring terrorism

Back in Iraq - Gulf War II • Post 9/11, Bush vows to stop rogue nations and terrorism • West thought Hussein developing a bio/chem/nuclear program, told to allow inspectors.

The Iraq War Controversy

The War & Democracy? • March, 2003, US & allies invade Iraq. 28 days long • Jan, 2005 – first fully elected govn’t • 2006 -get constitution • April 23, 2006 - Jawad al-Maliki elected as PM

A New Battlefield TEENAGE DRUGGED UP SUICIDE BOMBERS • Fleeing Afghanistan, Taliban moved into NW Pakistan. • Pakistan let Taliban administer tribal regions with Shariah • Now at war as Taliban extended • PAKISTAN HAS NUCLEAR WEAPONS!

The Pakistani Taliban Goes Global 93 WTC attacker trained in Pakistan 9/11 conspirator arrested in Pakistan “Shoe Bomber” trained in Pakistan • Faisal Shahzad tried to blow up car bomb in NYC May 1, 2010 • Trained in and funded from Pakistan… • …is Yemen next?

The War on Terror Continues “The Underwear Bomber” Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab “The Times Square Bomber” Faisal Shahzad

Bin Laden. Wanted Dead or Alive!