SWG Competitive Project Office Introduction to IBMs System
SWG Competitive Project Office Introduction to IBM’s System z Partitioning and Virtualization
Virtualization* Lots of systems in one Server n Share processor, memory, I/O, and network among multiple operating environments u Isolate workloads with EAL 5 level security u Share resources among workloads u Enable communication for workloads internally with an in-memory TCP/IP network n 35+ year history of virtualization, innovation and refinement u Robust suite of function for creating, provisioning, deploying, and managing virtual servers n z/VM Virtualization to simplify your IT infrastructure u Support up to hundreds of concurrent applications with z/VM −Share applications, data, as well as hardware among large numbers of servers u Management tools for operation, maintenance, and accounting NOVICE_080 z. CPO z. Class Introduction to System z Partitioning and Virtualization 4
Definitions n. Partitioning u. Server partitioning is the logical or physical division of a single server's resources into independent, isolated systems that can run independent software n. Virtualization u. Virtualization is a method by which systems resources, which may be centralized or distributed, are pooled and managed in shared resource pools and apportioned to users as virtual system resources u. Virtualization separates the presentation of resources to users from the actual physical resources u. Virtual resources correspond to all types of physical resources, such as processors, memory, storage, SMP servers, clusters and networks z. CPO z. Class Introduction to System z Partitioning and Virtualization 5
z/VM – A hypervisor n VM = “Virtual Machine” (z/VM is z. Series Virtual Machine) n Each “user” acts as it’s own virtual operating system n VM “guests” can include any z. Series operating system n Virtual I/O devices, CPUs, etc. n Components: u u u CP (Control Program) is the underlying OS layer serving the VM guests CMS – Conversational Monitor System – a single-user OS for VMs running under the CP Guest operating systems n Frequently used for independent development and testing facilities n In the past, popular for hosting PROFS and Office. Vision n Now key to the “Scale Out” strategy for horizontal scaling of Linux servers on z. Series n Linux Virtual Servers run on z/VM running in an IFL (Integrated Facility for Linux) n Linux can run solo in an IFL z. CPO z. Class Introduction to System z Partitioning and Virtualization 6
What About Using VMWare on Intel? n VMWare lacks the consolidation efficiency of z/VM n Less efficient use of memory and storage n Less efficient use of processors z/VM VMware Maximum memory per virtual Linux server More than 256 GB 16 GB Maximum CPU’s per virtual Linux server Up to 64 Up to 4 Maximum “Active virtual memory” supported Up to 8 TB 16384 MB Maximum real CPU’s Up to 32 Maximum virtual CPU’s per core Not Applicable Up to 8 Maximum real memory UP TO 256 GB Up to 64 GB Maximum virtual servers per machine >10, 000 s 128 z. CPO z. Class Introduction to System z Partitioning and Virtualization 9
IBM z. Series Virtualization Technology Evolution n. Over 35 years of continuous innovation in virtualization u. Refined to support modern business requirements u. Exploit hardware technology for economical growth u. Integrated Facility for Linux, Hiper. Sockets™, Logical Partitioning z 890 z 990 z 800 z 900 z. Series uz. Series Application Assist Processors 9672 G 2 - G 6 z/VM 3090 9 x 21 64 -bit VM/ESA® 308 x 303 x QDIO Adapter ESA 4381 Interrupt Assist VM/XA FCP / SCSI VM/HPO MIF 31 -bit MCSS Guest Lan 64 MB real DSR II Hiper. Sockets SIE instruction VM/SP S/360™ VM/370 Virtual Disk CMS pipelines N-way Virtual Switch XEDIT Logical Partitioning EXEC Integrated Facility VM assist microcode CP-67 REXX TRACE for Linux z. AAPs PER Programmable Operator Resource Capping IUCV TRAP Advanced paging subsystem Performance Hypervisor Control Program Toolkit Shared File System 1960 s 1970 1980 1990 2004 z. Series – comprehensive and sophisticated suite of virtual function z. CPO z. Class Introduction to System z Partitioning and Virtualization 11
So Virtual! So What! – Saves MONEY n Software pretending it is hardware! u Enables consolidation on z – 1000+ Virtual Servers u Multiple instances of z/OS in the same Server, and/or Linux u Maybe even Solaris and more … n Enables effective resource utilization by ‘partitioning’ and sharing u Multiple servers sharing parts of a disk, not necessarily a full disk u Multiple server can share parts of a processor (logical vs. physical processors) n Save Money u Can scale out and up at low costs u Reduce labor costs of number of servers/person u Reduce License costs (pay for processor… but it is shared ) u Reduce floor space u Reduce heating and cooling costs u Reduce power consumption … and gets the job done! z. CPO z. Class Introduction to System z Partitioning and Virtualization 12
LPAR and z/VM World-Class Server Virtualization n LPAR has grown up as a z Series hardware feature supporting virtual servers in high-performance partitions by logically partitioning physical resources (LPAR = Logical Partition) n z/VM (Virtual Machine) has grown to support 1000 s of virtual servers by truly virtualizing resources such as storage and I/O n Both employ great hardware and firmware innovations developed over the years that make virtualization part of the basic componentry of the z. Series platform n How many Virtual Servers can you do on z. Series? u. How many do you need? u. Yeah, we can do that n How many angels can dance on the head of a pin? u. How many do you want? z. CPO z. Class Introduction to System z Partitioning and Virtualization 13
z/VM Virtualization n n n … General Linux TCP/IP u Introduced in 1967 z/OS u Approximately 3700 active licenses z/VM - CP u Support hundreds of guests u Runs in an LPAR Shared I/O (MIF) Virtual processors Hyper. Sockets u 1 -64 Virtual processors PR/SMTM u Shared PCI-X Cryptographic support IFL IFL CPU Virtual memory u Over commit memory u Share memory between guests I/O I/O Virtual network u Virtual or real Hiper. Sockets u Virtual IP or Layer 2 Switch CP = Control program, z/VM operating system u IEEE VLAN Support PR/SM = Processor Resource/ System Management Dedicated or shared virtual disks MIF = Multiple Image Facility Hipersockets = virtualized H/W network Additional service machines u Automated Console u TCP/IP stack z. CPO z. Class Introduction to System z Partitioning and Virtualization 14
application z/OS application Linux application … VSE application CMS z/VM runs in an LPAR! application z/VM is Software that is integrated with the IBM Hardware to provide virtual guests with the appearance of the native hardware Architecture application Note: CMS z/VM architecture Virtual Machines Virtual CMS = Conversational Monitoring System. An OS that runs on z/VM Control Program (CP) LIC = Licensed Internal Code. . Enables Linux to Run in processor. LIC (LPAR, etc) z. Series hardware z. CPO z. Class Introduction to System z Partitioning and Virtualization 15
Virtual Machine Partitioning - another view A virtual machine simulates the existence of a dedicated real machine, including processor functions, storage and input/output resources. 600+ VIRTUAL LINUX SERVERS AT MARIST COLLEGE Linux CMS z/OS Virtual z/VM PR/SM I/O and Network Memory Real Processors z. CPO z. Class Introduction to System z Partitioning and Virtualization 16
Linux on z. Series – What is it? u A native z. Series operating environment − Pure Linux, an ASCII environment (vs. EBCDIC on z/OS & z/VM) − Exploits IBM S/390 hardware, including IEEE floating point − Linux for S/390 - 32 -bit and Linux for z. Series - 64 -bit n u Not a unique version of Linux or other operating system u Not a replacement for other IBM z. Series operating systems z. Series Linux benefits: u The most reliable hardware platform available u Many high skilled programmers know Linux u Scalability – Server farm on a foot print − Both Physical and Logical − Non-disruptive capacity upgrade on demand u Designed to support mixed work loads − − − Portability Centralized Management High speed inter-server connectivity High Internal Bandwidth Virtualization z. CPO z. Class Introduction to System z Partitioning and Virtualization 17
application CMS z/VM LIC (LPAR, etc) z. CPO z. Class Introduction to System z Partitioning and Virtualization Linux application application z/OS application Linux application … VSE application CMS Linux on z. Series options z. Series hardware, with optional IFLs 18
Partitioning allows for different OS’s and their Releases Processor Resource / System Manager 15 – 60 LPARs z. VM z/OS VSE v 4. 4 V 1. 7 V 3. 1 L I N U X VSE z/OS V 3. 2 V 1. 6 V 1. 8 *** z/OS VSE V 1. 7 V 1. 5 V 3. 2 L I N U X z. VM z/OS v 4. 2 V 1. 8 • At LPAR creation time each partition is given a weight • The weight is used to differentiate workload importance z. CPO z. Class Introduction to System z Partitioning and Virtualization 20
Logical Partitioning Mode (LPAR) CPUs Storage Channels z. CPO z. Class Introduction to System z Partitioning and Virtualization 21
System Control and Partitioning n Among the system control function is the ability to partition the system into logical partitions (LPARs) n Initial limit was 15 LPARs but newer machines (EC) allow 60 partitions in a SINGLE SERVER FOOTPRINT n Practical considerations can limit the number to less than this as each LPAR needs memory, I/O, and processing power * z 9 -109 z. CPO z. Class Introduction to System z Partitioning and Virtualization 22
LPARs n LPARs are defined using the Support Elements (SE) n PR/SM – Process Resource/ System Manager is firmware that is used to define the LPARs System administrators assign: u Memory u Processors u CHPIDs either dedicated or shared n This is done partly in the IOCDS and partly in a system profile on the Support Element (SE) in the CEC. This is normally updated through the HMC. n Changing the system profile and IOCDS will usually require a poweron reset (POR) but some changes are dynamic n z. CPO z. Class Introduction to System z Partitioning and Virtualization 23
Characteristics of LPARs n LPARs are the equivalent of a separate mainframe for most practical purposes n Each LPAR runs its own operating system u LPARs do not share memory n Devices can be shared across several LPARs n Processors can be dedicated or shared n When shared, each LPAR is assigned a number of logical processors (up to the maximum number of physical processors) and a weighting Each LPAR is independent u Hacking across LPARs cannot happen n An LPAR is just like another ‘box’ or server sitting on the raised floor. . Except the LPAR exists within a System z server. n z. CPO z. Class Introduction to System z Partitioning and Virtualization 24
Let’s Talk About z/VM Guests & System z LPARs n z/VM u u u u n z/OS LPARS u u u n Runs on System z in an LPAR − Supported by IFLs if Linux is to run as a quest Linux Runs on z/VM as a z/VM guest or in an IFL Guests on z/VM can be z/TPF, z/VM, z/OS, Linux Partitions Resources Disk, Memory, Processor resources. . z/VM dispatches the guests There can be 100 s, 1000 s of guests A z/VM Guest environment is created via software z/OS runs in LPARs − There are no ‘guests’ in z/OS Linux can run in an LPAR (solo) PR/SM partitions resources, Memory, I/O paths PR/SM dispatches the LPARs There can be up to 60 LPARs in a z 10 A System z LPAR is created via Hardware For an analogy, you could say z/VM is like a software implementation of z/OS hardware (BUT NOT EXACTLY). z. CPO z. Class Introduction to System z Partitioning and Virtualization 29
z. Series Servers – CPU Virtualization n n Physical CPs are shared or dedicated Shared LPARs are defined using three ideas: u Logical CPs (processors) u Weights (for shared LPARs) u Capped / Uncapped. n Advantages u Resources Shared Physical CPs Dedicated Physical CPs Example: 5 LPARs CP CP OS/390 1 CP CP OS/390 2 OS/390 3 OS/390 4 OS/390 5 Weight - 50 Weight - 15 Weight - 10 Weight - 25 Logical CP Logical CP Logical CP Logical CP are not idle unless LPARs are capped or use dedicated CPs. u Event driven Logical CP CPU virtualization allows CPU utilization to be increased lowering cost z. CPO z. Class Introduction to System z Partitioning and Virtualization 30
z. Series Servers – Network Virtualization n IP Networking among virtual servers u Improved performance – in z/VM Linux memory data movement z/OS u Enhanced security - Data never flows outside the server Hiper. Socket LAN u Higher availability - Integrated into z. Series hardware, no external parts u Lower cost - No external network, attachment, or cables u Reduced time to market – virtual networks can be provisioned in seconds at no incremental z. CPO cost z. Class Introduction to System z Partitioning and Virtualization z/OS 31
System Control and Partitioning z. CPO z. Class Introduction to System z Partitioning and Virtualization 32
Hardware Management Consol (HMC) z. CPO z. Class Introduction to System z Partitioning and Virtualization 34
OS Storage assignment Allocate PUs i. e assign a profile to a Linux partition z. CPO z. Class Introduction to System z Partitioning and Virtualization 35
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Dramatic Virtualization – How it Looks in z/Architecture Logical Partitions Share Processors, Common Cache Structures, and I/O Internal networking via secure high speed Hipersockets z/OS Shared access to all disk data and to external networks z/OS DB 2 Linux Imag e DB 2 Application Application Linux Imag e Application Workload Manager allocates resources as needed by service classes z/OS Linux Imag e z/VM Intelligent Resource Director dynamically allocates processors to partitions and network connections All Data Eligible workload automatically dispatched to z. IIP and z. AAP specialty processors z. CPO z. Class Introduction to System z Partitioning and Virtualization 37
It’s Time to Think Again About Business Needs and IT Responses n n Rising costs increase the need to rethink your business u Multiple platforms and new applications u Increasing cost pressures from power and cooling costs u Increasing cost pressures from systems management of multiple platforms and data proliferation New opportunities and technologies u System z 9 virtualization and workload management u Hundreds of virtual servers - the power and simplicity of a single server u IBM Software for end-to-end Systems Management and single point of data reference AOV 0406_010 Designed for Consolidation z. CPO z. Class Introduction to System z Partitioning and Virtualization 39
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