Sohag University Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine Welcome to

Sohag University Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine Welcome to Anatomy and Embryology Dep

Anatomy The branch of biological science Scientifically which deals with form and structure of organisms (animal). Literally It means cutting apart or cut and see

General Introduction § What is meant by Anatomy:

Simple Dissecting Instruments § Scalpel: § Forceps (Toothed & Un toothed):

Branches of Anatomy

Branches of Anatomy Gross Anatomy: Study of form and structure of different parts of the body with the unaided eye. Microscopic Anatomy: Study of various tissues and organs with the use of microscope. Special anatomy: Description of the structure of certain single animal species, e. g. Hippotomy (Horse. Anatomy).

Comparative Anatomy: Comparison of structures of different animals. Developmental Anatomy: Study of changes that occur to the organism from the time of conception through birth (Embryology) , youth, maturity and even to older age. Phylogony: Ancestral history of different animal species i. e. Historical development.

Methods of studying Anatomy 1. Systematic Anatomy: Study of the structure of different systems of the body. Osteology: Description of skeleton. Syndesmology: Desacription of joints. Myology: Description of muscles. Splancnology: Description of viscera. Angiology: Description of Vessels. Neurology: Description of nervous system. Sense organs: Eye and ear. Common integuments: Skin and associated structure.

2. Topographic Anatomy: Description of different regions of the body like limbs, head & neck, abdomen and thorax and pelvis. 3. Applied Anatomy: The use of anatomical facts in relation to applied sciences like surgery, internal medicine, theriogenology etc.

Topographic Terms Superficial and Deep (profundus) indicate relative distances from the surface of the body. External and Internal refer to relations of depth in organs and cavities. Medial and Lateral give the position near to, or farther from, the midline of the body.

Trunk terminology Dorsal -- directed toward the back [head, trunk, tail]; also applied to manus & pes. Ventral -- directed toward the belly [head, trunk, tail]. Cranial -- directed toward the cranium (brain case).

Head terminology Rostral(oral) directed toward the mouth. Caudal (aboral) directed in the opposite direction.

Limb terminology Proximal Distal Proximal is the direction toward the trunk. Distal is the direction away from the trunk. Dorsal is the direction toward the dorsum of the foot Palmar (manus) or Plantar (pes) are the directions toward the palm or plantum of the fore and hind foots respectively.

General Osteology The study of bones which make up the skeleton. The skeleton may be Endoskeleton embedded in soft tissues. 1. Axial skeleton: includes skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum. 2. Appendicular skeleton: includes bones of the limbs. 3. Visceral skeleton: e. g. : Os cordis in heart of ox. Os penis in penis of dog. Exoskeleton

1. Long bones: Types of Bones They are elongated and cylindrical. consists of body, proximal extremity and distal extremity. They occur in limbs. 2. Short bones: Bones with nearly similar dimensions. e. g. Carpal and tarsal bones. 3. Flat bones: Thin and expanded in two directions. e. g. bones of the skull, scapula 4. Irregular bones: Bones that have irregular shape. e. g. Vertebrae

Bony Projections (Elevations) 1) Articular Projections: § Head. § Condyle. § Trochlea. § Facet.

Bony Projections (Elevations) 2) Non articular Projections: § Neck. § Epicondyle. § Process. § Trochanter. § Tuberosity. § Tubercle. § Line. § Crest. § Spine (Pointed or Ridge).

Bony Depressions 1) Articular Projections: § Glenoid cavity. § Cotyloid cavity. § Notch.

Bony Depressions 2) Non articular Projections: § § § § Notch. Fossa. Fovea. Groove = Sulcus. Sinus. Fissure. Foramen. Canal.