REPORT ON WILDLIFE CRIME PORTFOLIO COMMITTEE MEETING Cape

REPORT ON WILDLIFE CRIME PORTFOLIO COMMITTEE MEETING Cape Town August 2018

Presentation Outline • Strategic Overview • Rhinoceros • Interventions – Kwazulu-Natal – SANParks • • Elephant Pangolin Lion Cycads CITES Illegal Trade Report Partnerships Conclusions / Focus Areas

STRATEGIC OVERVIEW

STRATEGIC INTERVENTIONS - RHINO Poaching becomes a very profitable form of transnational organised crime 2008 Rhino poaching increases 2010 National priority DEA takes lead and develops a countering strategy 2011 Rhino poaching declared priority crime – Priority Committee of NATJOINTS August 2014 Cabinet adopts Strategic Integrated Management Approach to enhance interventions 2015 Rhino poaching and smuggling prioritised as a national security threat 2016 Draft National Integrated Strategy to Combat Wildlife Trafficking (NISCWT) To be presented to Cabinet for approval – 2018 2016 Rhino Lab (pillars from COI and including NISCWT)

IMPLEMENTING THE 2010 STRATEGY CY I L O P & E IV T NS A L O I S I T N tegy E LEG V R INTE ional Stra m at • N Moratoriu ards nd a • t S s & m r o • N INT ERN ATI O • N S Mo • In ADC AL ter Us ( r con ang pol e • Ran sumer , tran s ge exp States it & ans ) ion • Coo pera tion Coll a • N & atio borati on nal u ni • N • ATJO Train ts in DE A ing INTS • D & edic ated PROVJ O Pro secu INTS tors AL ach N IO ro T app A R e s E ) OP perativ igation ptive m t Coo Inves Pre-e ions • • ive (& perat ct DF o a e R N • • SA 5

2014 - CABINET APPROVED INTEGRATED STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT APPROACH FOR RHINOCEROS ns o I n i terventio t n e v r e n t s to incre n i d y n r a o g a s se l in h u c r p a h o i n p m o i o t numbers C an es e v i v t i t a i c t a i n Strategic Proe r ment i c e enforc le intelligen work e ab Action gislative fram le e v i s n Interna Respo tion elocation Conserva s ncies, stro ngholds Conserva tion husb andry al Nation and al Collabo ration and Coope ration Lon g-te rm sus Cre inte tain atin r v g su ent abi s i l o ity Sup taina n s ply ble s itie r n c v u r nized omm e t n i f orga s for c w e N tion o choice up omic r s i D on c e ve i t a ern op tion dema nd s s n o me i t n i e Alt 6

Successes of the Strategies • • Awareness of and political support and affirmation at the highest level of the need to combat rhino poaching Established & operationalised multiple structures for security co-ordination & information sharing among all relevant stakeholders (state & private); NATJOINTS Priority Committee Implemented a more co-ordinated engagement with communities in areas surrounding rhino reserves including capacity, intelligence, incentives etc; Initiated programme to improve monitoring and a better understanding of the stockpiles of horn; Engaged in a programme of promoting demand reduction in consumer states; Improved cooperation with neighbouring countries; Closed loopholes in legislation and developed Biodiversity Management Plans for both species Significantly increased resources, skills and technology to support law enforcement

1 Rhino Conservation is one of the work streams under the Biodiversity Lab – an effort to unlock the potential of South Africa’s Biodiversity Lab Marine & Coastal Tourism Bioprospecting Wildlife Rhino Conservation 8

Workstreams based on COI’s 5 pillars of rhino conservation RHINO CONSERVATION A B C Community empowerment Security (antipoaching and antitrafficking) D E Responsive legislation Demand management Management of Rhino populations 9

Community Empowerment – 5 initiatives Alleviate most pressing challenges for communities to reduce hostility and create a positive bond Increase economic participation for adjacent communities Make adjacent communities a partner in conservation 1 Improve governance via community facilitators 2 Enhance the community ranger model with a national career and rollout plan for the community ranger model 3 Conduct stock take on 4 Develop and 5 Launch a existing economic community empowerment programs to intelligently consolidate and reallocate resources roll-out a broader restorative justice programme with SAPS and other partners community empowerment plan and champions (in conjunction with Wildlife Nodes initiatives)

Community Empowerment • Combatting rhino poaching prioritised in the People and Parks priority actions as complemented by Youth in Conservation Legacy programme • Rhino hotspots identified & 1 346 Environmental Monitors deployed in Parks along the hotspots • Complementary community programmes in hotspots and environmental education • Skills audit in selected sites in communities adjacent to protected areas commissioned • Ownership of wildlife by communities enhanced through game donation/custodianship – improves protection • GEF 6 funding obtained to assist in strengthening institutions, information management and monitoring to reduce the rate of illegal wildlife trade in South Africa - $4, 886, 009 • Initial steps towards Restorative Justice - technical guidelines developed

Rhino Population Management • Biodiversity Management Plans exist for both Black Rhino and White Rhino- monitoring the effectiveness of management – Threats, – Mitigation actions (all stakeholders), – Short & long term goals for Rhino population in SA • Annual report provided on the implementation of the BMPs Rhino • Cooperation within Rhino Management Group (Public and private sector) • Draft Rhino Research Strategy developed and being peer reviewed focusing on: – – – Enforcement Community Empowerment Demand management Governance Biological Management Cross cutting themes (such as risk analysis & mitigation, financing mechanisms, enabling mechanisms, values and economics)

Chad Translocation and Collaboration MOU/ Agreement Signed between RSA and Republic of Chad - Biodiversity & Conservation Management - Reintroduction of Black Rhino in Chad - Custodianship Agreement Strengthened relationships with DEA, SANParks, CHAD and African Parks on Rhino re-introduction and management(Strategic, Scientific, Management) Six Black Rhinos successfully captured and reintroduced to Chad (May 2018) Critical prior assessments or surveys conducted (habitat, security, infrastructure, system) African Parks furnishes DEA and SANParks with monthly reports on the progress on the management of the translocated rhino. The reintroduction is line with the African Range States Rhino Conservation Plan and further engagements are underway with Chad to continue with implementation of Mo. U 13

Responsive Legislation & Permitting • Stockpile management options being pursued • Focus on Domestic Trade in Rhino Horn and trade in live rhino • Ensuring Compliance to: – National Environment Management: Biodiversity Act – Threatened or Protected Species Regulations – CITES Regulations • Provincial legislation • Developed enabling regulations for domestic trade in rhino horn for republication for public participation: – Draft regulations relating to domestic trade in rhinoceros horn – Proposed amendment of the alien and invasive species list and list of critically endangered, vulnerable and protected species – Draft notice prohibiting the carrying out of certain restricted activities involving rhinoceros horn • National Integrated Permitting System is being developed

Responsive Legislation • Key requirements for domestic trade in rhino horn: – DNA analysis of the horn – Proof of DNA profile on National Database – Proof of legal acquisition- Possession permit – Criminal checks on NEMBA and related convictions – Markings, photographs, microchip numbers and Unique ZA identification • Key requirements for Live Rhino Trade – Interaction with the CITES Management Authority of the importing country – Rhino horns microchipped and DNA samples taken – Adhere to the concept of ‘Appropriate and Acceptable destination’ in line with CITES Resolution Conf 11. 20(Rev Co. PO 17) – Contribution to conservation (re-introductions) and education • DEA and Provincial issuing authorities interact through the Permit and Enforcement Planning Committee (PEPC)

RESTRICTED Security - Anti-Poaching (22 Initiatives) and Anti-Trafficking (aligned to NISCWT) Anti-poaching unit capabilities A 1 Appoint a sub-committee of working group 4 members, to implement and facilitate the standardization of documents, procedures and guidelines comprising of SANParks, and provincial conservation bodies A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 Protection Re-active elements A 15 Establish an APU for each government protected area with rhino population and use KNP and Umfolozi as A 8 Identify and apply appropriate sensor operating models and based technologies examples A 7 Follow a zoning approach to ensure allocation of resources to the highest risk geographies Pro-active elements A 18 Develop virtual project office to explore and develop appropriate environmental asset management technologies and share recommendations with conservation community (including IP management) A 9 For selected servitudes: A 16 Implement employee health ▪ Apply appropriate electronic and wellness programme at surveillance based technologies Benchmark and adjust APU rural all protected areas with APUs, A 19 Finalise protocol process for “Re▪ Escalate the need for (temporary) allowance, OSD possibilities and instatement of joint cross border or leverage the SAPS restrictions overtime compensation protocol between Mozambique and programmes where possible ▪ Implement sporadic control points South Africa as part of the further Finalise Park Ranger Qualification development and management of A 17 Issue SAPS instruction (with (QCTO) curriculum and create the GLTP” Task community working groups with A 10 NPA input) governing the capacity to implement roll-out to effective information sharing between investigation process the provinces parks and communities following fatalities that occur A 20 Form APU liaison office at DEA in the line of duty of EMI law Enforcement Expand the sourcing equipment for A 11 Develop a scalable access control enforcement officials package that includes: trained and provincial APUs (including US integrity tested officials; canine A 21 Develop legal agreements / excess non-lethal military stock) systems; technological applications processes to enable rangers (government/private) to undertake A 12 Utilise semi-permanent/ limited Roll out integrity management anti-poaching operations across mobile self-contained 'mini bases' in across all APUs and classify APUs the different protected areas accordance with the grading of as essential services (national and transnational) security requirements A 6 Start Community Ranger pilot as extension of Environmental Monitors to improve enforcement relationship with surrounding communities A 13 Centralise horn stockpiles at current SANParks facilities (improve security where required) A 14 Roll out CMORE at national scale A 22 Work with security cluster (inc. SAPS) in context of NISCWT to gather, analyse and share intelligence in a wider antitrafficking approach 16

RESTRICTED NATIONAL INTEGRATED STRATEGY TO COMBAT WILDLIFE TRAFFICKING 1 Prosecution 2 Detection 3 Collaboration Improving law enforcement, supported by the whole of government and society, to effectively investigate, prosecute and adjudicate wildlife trafficking as a form of transnational organised crime Increasing the government’s ability to detect, prevent and combat wildlife trafficking in South Africa and beyond Increasing national, regional and international law enforcement collaboration and cooperation on combating wildlife trafficking 17

RESTRICTED Each of the objectives in NISCWT broken down into sub-objectives ▪ ▪ 1 Prosecution ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Adequately resource the law enforcement initiatives outlined in the NISCWT Increase effectiveness and coordination of intelligence collection and analysis 2 Detection Significantly reduce the risk of wildlife-related corruption Increase resources for security at South Africa’s land, air and sea borders ▪ ▪ ▪ 3 Collaboration ▪ ▪ Improve law enforcement capacity to investigate wildlife trafficking Increase anti-corruption investigations linked to wildlife trafficking Enhance resources to investigate financial crimes linked to wildlife trafficking Enhance forensic capacity linked to wildlife trafficking investigations Increase the government’s ability to detect the involvement of foreign diplomats in wildlife trafficking in SA Appropriately charge offenders and focus investigations on wildlife trafficking as a serious organised crime Establish dedicated prosecution and court capacity to focus on wildlife trafficking Prioritise wildlife trafficking crime statistics into the national crime statistics SAPS to enhance cooperation and collaboration with non-governmental organisations and private security Government to consolidate all law enforcement investigation and intelligence initiatives regarding the combating of wildlife trafficking in South Africa (long-term strategy) Increase focus on transport routes, informal and private landing strips and illegal border crossing points linked to wildlife trafficking Increased crime prevention initiatives in and around communities adjacent or linked to poaching hotspots as part of law enforcement activities: Improve detection and prevention of wildlife trafficking through ports Consolidate and increase wildlife compliance and enforcement Diplomatic position on wildlife trafficking to reflect the issue as a national security priority Strengthen law enforcement cooperation with relevant countries Benchmark global best practices regarding wildlife trafficking investigations/prevention The SAPS to play a key role in regional and international wildlife trafficking combating initiatives 18

Converting Lab outcomes into functional deliverables – anti-poaching • • Zoning approach also now implemented in three game reserves in KZN and one in Eastern Cape Sharing of information and best practice at a national level – determining need for support across provinces Critical review of ranger salary levels and job functions Assessment of wellness programmes – need for development of norms and standards Strengthening integrity management and ensuring it is formalized within different parks authorities Unblock ranger qualification / training process - address the gaps and ensure registration of qualification In order to set up a fully functional anti-poaching unit in each government protected area with rhino, funding is required – the sub-committee is looking into how to develop a funding model linked to development of Guideline / Protocol to inform decisions on establishment of anti-poaching unit related systems and services

Converting Lab enforcement outcomes into functional deliverables - NISCWT • Additional capacity and resources applied to combat wildlife trafficking – Operation Rhino / increased investigative capacity through the SAPS • Additional forensic capacity focused on environmental crime • Forensic Intelligence – links with other crime categories • More arrests made towards “trafficking” vs only poaching • Regional court established at Skukuza, Kruger National Park • Process to consolidate investigations / information (eg. Operation East Gate) • Crime codes adjusted to improve statistical information • Working groups to address specific issues such as forensics and technology • Training programme rolled out (linked to joint operations) at ports of entry and exit focused on illicit wildlife trade – 2132 officials in 2017/18 • Development of materials to support training programmes and operational work focused on wildlife specimens • Increase in law enforcement visibility – joint operations involving SAPS, SARS, SANDF, DEA, SANParks, provincial conservation authorities – for example, INTERPOL’s Operation Thunderbird / Thunderstorm

Awareness Video Z-Fold Pamphlet Newspaper Adds

Converting Lab enforcement outcomes into functional deliverables - NISCWT • Seizures at other countries communicated to South Africa & DNA samples requested: - Mozambique Samples – Sept 2015 and March, June 2016 – 19 links (SA) Zambia Samples – July 2016 – 1 link (Nambia) Uganda Samples – July 2016 – 1 link (Kenya) Kenya Samples – August 2016 – 1 link (SA) Vietnamese Samples – September 2015 and November 2016 – 5 links (SA) Singapore Samples – April 2014 and Sept 2017 – 4 links (3 SA / 1 Kenya) Malaysia Samples – March 2016 and September 2017 – 9 links (SA) Hong Kong – October 2017 – 2 links (SA) Netherlands – November 2017 – 1 link (SA) Cambodia – November 2017 – 6 links (SA) Singapore – January 2018 – 1 link (Namibia) • Swaziland – seizure of rhino horn in Swaziland ORTIA. Forensic expert and DPCI testified in Swaziland - linkages to poaching incidents in SA. • Joint international investigations - INTERPOL Regional Investigative and Analytical meetings focused on rhino

RHINO

Rhinos poached in SA 2000 -2017 1400 1215 1200 1004 1175 1054 1028 1000 800 668 600 448 333 400 200 7 6 25 22 10 13 24 13 83 122 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Illegal Killing of Rhino 2015/16/17 per province 91 90 79 2015 2016 46 56 96 2017 2 12 24 1 0 0 1 6 4 10 17 38 14 17 12 SANPARKS 826 662 504 67 32 49 116 162 222

NATJOINTS Operation Rhino • The approach is inter-departmental and multidisciplinary, driven and managed at NATJOINTS level, with operational activities planned, coordinated and monitored at Mission Area Joint Operational Centre (MAJOC) Skukuza • Pillars : – – – Intelligence gathering, coordination and analysis Proactive approach Combat approach Reactive through detection Communication and liaison

NATJOINTS Operation Rhino Mission Area Joint Operational Centre (MAJOC) LIM: Phalaborwa MP: Acornhoek KZN: Hluhluwe (3 x JOCs)

NATJOINTS Operation Rhino SANDF SAPS

ACORNHOEK ANNUAL STATS JAN TO DEC 2017 VS 2016 CONFIDENTIAL 29

HIP ANNUAL STATS JAN TO DEC 2017 VS 2016 CONFIDENTIAL 30

CASE MANAGEMENT: 2017 VS 2016 MISSION AREA YEAR TOTAL ILLEGAL HUNTING DOCKETS TO COURT WITHDRAWN NOT ENROLLED CLOSED UNDETECCTED FINALISED UNDER INVESTIGATION GUILTY NOT GUILTY Acornhoek 2017 572 368 167 14 1 0 8 0 14 2016 807 554 32 138 16 0 18 1 48 2017 305 158 106 1 9 0 11 0 20 2016 196 110 33 33 4 2 7 1 2017 147 89 36 3 1 0 13 0 5 2016 75 37 21 7 0 0 7 2 1 2017 1024 615 309 18 11 0 32 0 39 2016 1078 701 86 178 32 4 55 Hluhluwe Phalaborwa CONFIDENTIAL Total 20 2 6 31

SUSPECTS ARRESTED: 2017 VS 2016 SOUTH AFRICANS FOREIGN NATIONALS TOTAL MISSION AREA 2017 2016 ACORNHOEK 188 164 108 253 296 417 HLUHLUWE 219 142 48 13 267 155 PHALABORWA 57 78 36 59 93 137 TOTAL 464 384 192 325 656 709 CONFIDENTIAL 32

CONVICTIONS: ACORNHOEK: 2017 VS 2016 CHARGE Trespassing: illegal hunting of a protected species in a national park: theft of a rhino horn: possession of an unlicensed firearm and ammunition Possession of unlicensed firearm, unlawful Possession of ammunition Possession of rhino horn Theft of rhino horn Possession of dagga Trespassing in a National Park, Immigration Act TOTAL 2017 NO. OF CASES 32 2016 CONVICTED SENTENCE 47 4 5 2 2 1 1 10 13 49 68 Min: 6 months Max: 19 years Min: Fine of R 3000/ 4 months Max: R 5000 or 5 years Min: 5 Years Max: 8 years R 1000 fine Min: 2 years 3 months Max: 4 years 6 months NO. OF CASES CONVICTED 16 36 1 3 0 0 10 12 27 51 SENTENCE Min: 6 months Max: 26 years Min: R 3000 or 4 months Max: R 5000 or 5 years Min: 3 months Max: 5 years 33

CONVICTIONS AND SENTENCES: HLUHLUWE 2017 CHARGES NO. OF CASES CONVICTED 2016 SENTENCES NO OF CASES CONVICTED SENTENCES Illegal immigrant 1 9 Deported 0 0 None Possession of unlicensed firearm and ammunition, Possession of prohibited firearm 6 8 Sentenced 20 years imprisonment R 2500 or Minimum 4 month and maximum 6 years 2 2 3 Months imprisonment to R 4000 fine Possession of rhino horns & Illegal hunting 2 2 Min 6 years and max of 8 years imprisonment 0 0 None Possession of counterfeit goods 1 1 Paid fine R 1000 0 0 None Possession of suspected stolen motor vehicle 0 0 None 1 1 Paid R 1000 fine Illegal hunting, trespassing and conspiracy to commit a crime 1 3 Fine of R 3000. 00 or 3 months imprisonment max sentence 10 years imprisonment 0 0 None Reckless and negligent driving 1 1 Paid fine R 1500 0 0 None Illegal fishing 1 1 Paid fine R 1500 0 0 None Assault Common 0 0 None 1 1 Paid R 300 fine Possession of dagga and suspected stolen property 0 0 None 1 1 Paid R 1500 fine Contravention in terms of Section 80(1) of the customs and Exercise Act No 91 of 1964 0 0 None 1 1 Paid R 5000 fine TOTAL 13 25 6 6 CONFIDENTIAL 34

CONVICTIONS AND SENTENCES: PHALABORWA CHARGES 2017 NO. OF CASES CONVICTED 2016 SENTENCES Illegal hunting 2 3 Min fine R 1500 to a Max R 4000 fine Possession of stolen property 2 2 R 4000 fine or 6 months imprisonment Trespassing 1 1 Min of 1 month or R 1000 fine Possession of game meat 2 2 Min fine R 1000 to a Max of R 6000 fine Possession of drugs 2 2 Min fine R 200 to a Max of R 2500 fine In possession of snare 1 1 Fine of R 1500 False vehicle registration no. 1 1 Fine of R 200 Impersonating Police official 1 1 Fine R 1000 Possession of elephant tusk 1 1 Fine R 30 000 Possession of prohibited firearm, possession of ammunition and illegal hunting 4 4 Sentence 6 years imprisonment or fine of R 100 000, which half is of the sentence is suspended for 5 years. TOTAL 17 18 NO. OF CASES CONVICTED 1 1 SENTENCE Paid R 1500 fine CONFIDENTIAL 35

FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION CONFISCATED FIREARMS RECOVERED MISSION AREA ACORNHOEK 134 HLUHLUWE 89 PHALABORWA 44 TOTAL WITH SERIAL NUMBER WITHOUT SERIAL NUMBER LOCAL FOREIGN 114 x Hunting rifles 71 43 27 44 1 x Shotgun 0 1 0 0 19 x Handguns 15 04 11 4 58 x Hunting Rifles 16 42 5 11 3 x Shotguns 1 2 0 1 27 x Handguns 16 11 11 5 1 x AK 47 Rifle 1 0 0 1 33 x hunting rifles 16 17 13 3 06 x Shot gun 6 0 5 1 05 x Hand guns 3 2 3 0 145 122 75 70 267 CONFIDENTIAL AMMUNITION 1 097 683 1 553 3 333 36

VEHICLES AND RHINO HORNS CONFISCATED ACORNHOEK PHALABORWA HLUHLUWE TOTAL VEHICLES 7 2 10 19 13 1 40 54 Owned by vehicle hiring companies 2 0 5 7 Stolen vehicles 2 2 5 9 24 5 60 89 14 19 84 Owned by suspect Owned by other people (friends, relatives and recruiters /group leaders) TOTAL RHINO HORNS 51 CONFIDENTIAL 37