Properties of Matter Properties are the characteristics traits

Properties of Matter § Properties are the characteristics, traits, or behaviors that we can use to identify samples of matter and distinguish them from one another. § Water, for example, has different properties than aluminum.

Two TYPES of Properties § Physical properties can be changed without changing the composition of the material itself. § Chemical properties, if changed, would result in the formation of a new substance.

Physical Properties § Physical properties are any characteristics that could change without forming a new substance. § Size, shape, color, taste, odor, magnetism, and temperature all physical properties.

Chemical Properties § Chemical properties are characteristics that can be observed when a material changes into a new substance. § Chemical changes are often accompanied by the release or absorption of energy in the form of heat, light, or sound.

Physical or Chemical Change? § A physical change DOES NOT form a new substance. § A chemical change DOES form at least one new substance.

Videos Physical & Chemical Change Song Physical Changes Song PROPERTIES SONG

Physical Properties § Mass is the amount of matter that makes up an object. § Volume is the amount of space an object takes up § Weight is the force of gravity on an object. § MASS v. WEIGHT video clip 1 , 2, 3

Physical Properties § Density is the amount of matter packed into a given volume § Melting point is the temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid. § Boiling point is the temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to gas. § Density Clip 1 , 3 § Distillation Videos 1 , 2 , 3

Physical Properties § State (or phase) of matter describes whether a substance is a solid, liquid, gas, or plasma. § Luster is how well a substance reflects light. § Texture is how rough or smooth a substance is.

Physical Properties § Electrical conductivity is how easily a substance allows electricity to flow through it. § Thermal conductivity is how easily a substance allows heat to flow through it.

Physical Properties § Malleability is the ability of a substance to be hammered without shattering § Ductility is the ability of a substance to be stretched into a wire. § Malleability & Ductility video clip 1

Physical Properties § Hardness is a measure of a substance’s resistance to scratching § Tenacity is a substance’s strength against being pulled apart. § Elasticity is the ability of a substance to return to its original shape after being stretched. Tensile strength (tenacity) test video clip 1 , 2 , 3 Elasticity video clip 1 , 2

Physical Properties § Porosity is the ability of a solid to allow fluids to pass through it. § Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance. § Viscosity is the tendency of a liquid to resist flowing. § Porosity video clip 1 , 2 , 3 § Solubility video clip 1 , 2 § Viscosity video clip 1 , 2 , 3, 4

List of Some Physical Properties § Size, shape, color, taste, odor, magnetism, temperature, mass, volume, weight, density, melting point, boiling point, state or phase, luster, texture, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, malleability, ductility, hardness, tenacity, elasticity, porosity, solubility, viscosity

Chemical Properties § Reactivity is how well a substance combines chemically with other substances. VIDEO 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 § Acidic substances behave like acids. VIDEO 1 , 2 , 3 § Basic substances behave like bases. VIDEO 1 , 2 , 3

Chemical Properties Flammability is a material’s ability to burn when exposed to oxygen. VIDEO 1 Combustible materials tend to burn more rapidly in the presence of oxygen. VIDEO 1 , 2

Chemical Properties § Corrosive substances “eat away” other substances VIDEO 1 § Tarnishable substances may have their luster reduced by chemical reactions. VIDEO 1

Chemical Properties § Explosive substances react violently when in contact with other substances. VIDEO 1 § Photosynthetic substances are able to undergo photosynthesis. § VIDEO 1, 2