Pipeline And Vector Processing Parallel Processing Execution of
- Slides: 48
Pipeline And Vector Processing
Parallel Processing Execution of Concurrent Events in the computing process to achieve faster Computational Speed The purpose of parallel processing is to speed up the computer processing capability and increase its throughput, that is, the amount of processing that can be accomplished during a given interval of time. The amount of hardware increases with parallel processing, and with it, the cost of the system increases. However, technological developments have reduced hardware costs to the point where parallel processing techniques are economically feasible.
Parallel processing according to levels of complexity At the lower level Serial Shift register VS parallel load registers At the higher level Multiplicity of functional units that performer identical or different operations simultaneously.
Parallel Computers
SISD COMPUTER SYSTEMS
Von Neumann Architecture
MISD COMPUTER SYSTEMS
SIMD COMPUTER SYSTEMS
MIMD COMPUTER SYSTEMS
PIPELINING A technique of decomposing a sequential process into suboperations, with each subprocess being executed in a partial dedicated segment that operates concurrently with all other segments. A pipeline can be visualized as a collection of processing segments through which binary information flows. The name “pipeline” implies a flow of information analogous to an industrial assembly line.
Example of the Pipeline Organization
OPERATIONS IN EACH PIPELINE STAGE
GENERAL PIPELINE
Cont.
Speedup ratio of pipeline
Cont.
PIPELINE AND MULTIPLE FUNCTION UNITS
Cont.
ARITHMETIC PIPELINE
Cont. See the example in P. 310
INSTRUCTION CYCLE
INSTRUCTION PIPELINE
INSTRUCTION EXECUTION IN A 4 -STAGE PIPELINE
Pipeline
Space time diagram
MAJOR HAZARDS IN PIPELINED EXECUTION Structural hazards (Resource Conflicts): Hardware resources required by the instructions simultaneous overlapped execution cannot be met. Data hazards (Data Dependency Conflicts): An instruction scheduled to be executed in the pipeline requires the result of a previous instruction, which is not yet available. Control hazards (Branch difficulties): Branches and other instructions that change the PC make the fetch of the next instruction to be delayed.
Data hazards Control hazards
STRUCTURAL HAZARDS Occur when some resource has not been duplicated enough to allow all combinations of instructions in the pipeline to execute. Example: With one memory-port, a data and an instruction fetch cannot be initiated in the same clock. The Pipeline is stalled for a structural hazard <- Two Loads with one port memory -> Two-port memory will serve without stall
DATA HAZARDS
FORWARDING HARDWARE
INSTRUCTION SCHEDULING
CONTROL HAZARDS
CONTROL HAZARDS
CONTROL HAZARDS
VECTOR PROCESSING There is a class of computational problems that are beyond the capabilities of conventional computer. These problems are characterized by the fact that they require a vast number of computations that will take a conventional computer days or even weeks to complete.
VECTOR PROCESSING
VECTOR PROGRAMMING
VECTOR INSTRUCTIONS
Matrix Multiplication The multiplication of two nxn matrices consists of n 2 inner products or n 3 multiply-add operations. Example: Product of two 3 x 3 matrices c 11= a 11 b 11+a 12 b 21+a 13 b 31 This requires 3 multiplications and 3 additions. The total number of multiply-add required to compute the matrix product is 9 x 3=27. In general, the inner product consists of the sum of k product terms of the form C = A 1 B 1+A 2 B 2+A 3 B 3+…+Ak Bk
C = A 1 B 1+A 5 B 5+A 9 B 9+A 13 B 13+… +A 2 B 2+A 6 B 6+A 10 B 10+A 14 B 14+… +A 3 B 3+A 7 B 7+A 11 B 11+A 15 B 15+… +A 4 B 4+A 8 B 8+A 12 B 12+A 16 B 16+…
VECTOR INSTRUCTION FORMAT
MULTIPLE MEMORY MODULE AND INTERLEAVING
MULTIPLE MEMORY MODULE AND INTERLEAVING
MULTIPLE MEMORY MODULE AND INTERLEAVING
ARRAY PROCESSOR
attached array processor with host computer
SIMD array processor Organization
Don’t forget, try to solve the questions of the chapter
- Scalar pipeline vs superscalar pipeline
- Pipeline processing in computer architecture
- Pipeline and vector processing
- Pipeline vector processing
- Which pipeline is linear
- Parallel processing vs concurrent processing
- Pipeline processing in computer architecture
- Unit vector examples
- Coordenadas cartesianas
- Resolution of vectors
- Positive vector definition
- Like and unlike forces
- Parallelism refers to
- Parallel structure purdue owl
- Parallel and non parallel structure
- Example of a parallel sentence
- Vpp cisco
- Multiprocessors are classified as
- Vector processing workloads
- Two focal points of fingerprint
- 4 bit shift register
- Direct and manage project execution
- Execution and evaluation
- Mutual exclusion in distributed system tutorialspoint
- Process and execution
- Project management chapter 4
- Planning programming budgeting and execution ppbe process
- Execution phase of shooting a basketball
- Siklus interaksi
- A mob's illegal seizure and execution of a person.
- A mob's illegal seizure and execution of a person.
- A mob's illegal seizure and execution of a person.
- Gulf of execution and evaluation
- Compiler bridges the semantic gap between which domains?
- Neighborhood processing in digital image processing
- Difference between primary and secondary processing
- Batch processing and interactive processing
- Parallel processing (psychology)
- Associative array processing in parallel computing
- Parallel processing (psychology)
- Parallel processing (psychology)
- Siam parallel processing
- David kirk nvidia
- Parallel processing definition
- Rlogin ダウンロード 窓の杜
- Parallel image processing algorithms
- Fluent parallel processing
- Bosity
- Unifunctional