March 2003 doc IEEE 802 15 03125 r

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Project: IEEE P 802. 15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [Philips TG 3 a CFP Presentation] Date Submitted: [02 March, 2003] Source: [Charles Razzell, Dagnachew Birru, Bill Redman-White, Stuart Kerry] Company [Philips] Address [1109 Mc. Kay Drive, San Jose, CA 95131, California, USA] Voice: [(408) 474 -7243], FAX: [(408) 474 -5343], E-Mail: [charles. razzell@philips. com] Re: [IEEE P 802. 15 -02/372 r 8 “IEEE P 802. 15 Alternate PHY Call For Proposals” dated 17 January, 2003] Abstract: [This presentation gives an overview of the Philips proposal for an alternative physical layer for IEEE P 802. 15. 3 a based on a multi-band UWB approach. ] Purpose: [Philips requests that the task group considers the merits of the following physical layer proposal and evaluates the content in conjunction with other responses to the Call for Proposals. ] Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P 802. 15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P 802. 15. Submission 1 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Philips TG 3 a CFP Presentation An alternate high-rate PHY for Wireless Personal Area Networks Submission 2 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Outline of Presentation • • • Main features of this Proposal Review of Proposed Modulation Example choice of parameters to obtain required data rates Advantages of low pulse repetition rate FEC approach Pico-net isolation techniques Transmitter power control Receiver Implementation Issues Parallel/Serial dimensioning of receiver structure Scalability for low cost Conclusions Submission 3 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Main Features of this Proposal • Multi-band Scalable PHY – – – Compliant with FCC 02 -48, UWB Report & Order Data rates to 480 Mbps and beyond Spectral Keying Modulation™ offering low pulse rates* Uses 4 -10 sub-bands that occupy 2 -6 GHz total bandwidth Dynamic selection of sub-bands to avoid 802. 11 a interference Supports 4 piconets • Additional Features – Flexibility to meet emerging global regulations – Coexists with incumbent and future wireless networks – Low cost, low power implementations are feasible • Meets or Exceeds TG 3 a Selection Criteria *Modulation scheme originally proposed by General Atomics who own this trademark Submission 4 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Multi-Band Modulation (1) pulsed OFDM f 6 f 5 f 4 Information capacity proportional to number of sub -carriers. f 3 f 2 f 1 Submission Peak/mean ratio too high 5 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Multi-band Modulation (2) staggered pulses with fixed order f 6 f 5 Fixed order: information capacity proportional to number of sub -carriers f 4 f 3 f 2 f 1 Submission Peak/mean ratio is much reduced! 6 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Introduce Sequence Keying Use sequence as information bearing parameter. Information capacity is proportional to # subcarriers + log 2(n!) Submission 7 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Spectral Keying™ Sequence Keying in addition to PSK 45 Sequence QPSK Total 40 Use of sequence bits approx. doubles number of bits per pulse of QPSK system when 8 subcarriers are used. 35 30 # of bits 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 # of frequencies Submission 8 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Coding gain of SK (n=5) Spectral Keying vs. BPSK 0 10 SK(n=5) BPSK -2 10 -4 BER 10 -6 10 -8 10 -10 10 -12 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Eb/No [d. B] Submission 9 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Simulated BER Curves 6 sub-bands, 8 sequence bits, 12 phase bits Submission 10 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Summary of SK • Use of sequence to carry information significantly increases information per pulse. – This allows the interval between successive pulses to be increased. – Also allows fewer sub-bands to be used for a given pulse rate (implementation advantages). • This increased guard time can be used for ISI reduction and/or possible insertion of timeinterleaved piconets. • The modulation remains robust, even with ~4 bits per symbol on each frequency band. Submission 11 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Example Parameters for Required PHY Data Rates Parameter Value Required PHY Data Rate 110 Mbps 200 Mbps 480 Mbps Symbol Rate 11 MHz 22 MHz Number of used bands 6 6 8 Coding Rate, R 0. 5 0. 75 No. used sequence bits 8 8 14 No. of used phase bits 12 12 16 Delivered data rate 110 Mbps 220 Mbps 495 Mbps Submission 12 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Example Parameters Continued Parameter Value Required PHY data rate 110 Mbps 200 Mbps 480 Mbps Number of bands 6 6 8 3 ns 3 ns Pulse duration 18 ns 24 ns Pulse Repeat Interval 91 ns 40. 5 ns 72. 9 ns 27. 5 ns 21. 5 ns Sub-pulse duration Guard Time Submission 13 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Advantages of low pulse repetition rate Impulse response realizations (CM 2) 1 Next impulse response starts here (11 MHz) 0. 5 0 Next impulse response starts here (22 MHz) -0. 5 -1 -1. 5 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Time (n. S) Submission 14 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Advantages of Low Pulse Repetition Rate High ISI zone CM 2 represents NLOS 0 -4 m CM 3 represents NLOS 4 -10 m Next impulse response starts here (11 MHz) Next impulse response starts here (22 MHz) Submission 15 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Forward Error Correction Approach • • • (based on results from IMEC’s T@MPO core) Parallel Concatenated Convolutional Turbo Codes 8 -state Recursive Systematic Convolutional Codes Collision-free interleaving patterns[1] Parallel SISO units process sub-frames Early stop criterion minimizes energy usage Decoding latency of 5 ms per block [1] A. Gulietti et al. “Parallel Turbo Code Interleavers; Avoiding collisions in access to storage elements. ” Electronics Letters vol. 38 No 5. Submission 16 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Channelization for Pico-nets • Propose to use a combination of frequency interleaving and time interleaving Ch 1 3. 4 GHz 4. 2 GHz 5. 0 GHz 5. 8 GHz 6. 6 GHz 7. 4 GHz Submission Ch 2 3. 8 GHz 4. 6 GHz 5. 4 GHz 6. 2 GHz 7. 0 GHz 7. 8 GHz } 2 17 Time division into even and odd time slots Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Concept for Time Division of Pulse Interval Power decay profile from 2 interleaved pico-nets (CM 2) Net 1 0 Net 2 average power (d. B) -5 Two 110 Mbps piconets are time interleaved with 11 MHz pulse rate each. -10 -15 -20 -25 0 10 20 30 40 50 delay (ns) 60 70 80 90 Passive scanning (probe) Submission 18 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Evaluation of Candidate Sub-pulse Slots by Measuring Preamble Quality Phase bits=1 Submission Phase bits=0 19 Preamble may be designed to allow MUI to be estimated in all four quadrants of a pulse interval. The “best” slot is chosen for transmission of the immediately following frame. Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Closed loop power control • An additional use of the pre-amble quality feedback mechanism is to allow for closed power control • Preamble acknowledgement word could include 2 power control and 2 sub-slot selection bits. • Closed loop power control is considered essential for dense deployment scenarios (e. g. multiple laptops in a conference room) • Additional quality information can be gathered during the data-bearing part of the packet to assist with power control and sub-slot selection. Submission 20 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Rx - High Performance Implementation Quadrature LOs may be low-spec on-chip oscillators with low area and power. LOs Shared with Tx Path Common front-end; can reduce power with SK duty cycle Submission 3 -4 bits ADC helped by AGC per band 21 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Rx - Low Power/Cost Implementation Common front-end; can reduce power with SK duty cycle ADC +Rake Rx replaced by analog detector with AGC Saving ~100 m. W power from ADCs + 3 finger Rake Rx Submission 22 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 Submission Tx Implementation 23 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Low spec LO shared with RX channels Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Power and Area vs. Data Rate and Implementation Submission 24 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Consideration of Serial vs. Parallel Receiver Structures • Since the sequence of frequencies is unknown and can’t be anticipated, parallel frequency-selective branches are needed • However, most of the duplicated circuits are very small on chip (oscillators, mixers). • Receiver branches may need to sample a significant time window – to allow for different propagation delays in different sub-bands under non-LOS conditions – to allow for collection of multipath echoes for RAKE combining Submission 25 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Consideration of Serial vs. Parallel Receiver Structures (cont. ) • Entirely serial reception of the sequence of tones is likely to cause performance loss in multipath conditions due to sparse sampling of the energy in each sub-band. • Entirely parallel energy collection in the different sub-bands need not be the only alternative • Partial serialization of the Spectral Keying modulation can be used to realize an excellent compromise… Submission 26 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Partial Serialization of SK Modulation 3 ns f 6 f 5 f 4 f 3 f 2 f 1 18 ns Submission 18 ns 27 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Partial Serialization of SK Modulation f 3 f 2 f 1 18 ns f 6 f 5 f 3 f 2 f 4 f 1 6 ns 18 ns • No information loss w. r. t. fully parallel Spectral Keying • Same ML decoding algorithm can be applied • The number of receiver branches can be halved • Further degrees of serialization can be considered Submission 28 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Net-2 f 6 f 5 f 4 f 3 f 2 f 1 Net-1 Partial Serialization is Compatible with Time-division of Pico-nets f 3 f 2 f 1 f 6 f 5 f 4 18 ns Submission 18 ns 29 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Comments on Scalability • RAKE combining need not be used. • Low cost receiver implementation possible using analog correlator with single-bit sampling. • Full serialization may be used when the number of sub-bands is low and the pulse repetition interval is sufficiently long (for low cost and low data rate applications). Submission 30 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Self-Evaluation against Selection Criteria Submission 31 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 Conclusions 1. Proposed SK Modulation provides: Ø Ø 2. 3. 4. 5. a high order modulation scheme with inherent robustness (coding gain w. r. t. BPSK). an increased number of bits per pulse leading to a low pulse repetition rate which reduces ISI. fewer sub-bands for a given pulse repetition rate (cf. QPSK). energy conservation related to SK’s ability to support low duty cycle. Pico-net isolation can be achieved in the frequency and time dimensions (2 channels in each dimension). Transmitter power control is strongly recommended to enable dense deployment scenarios. Implementations may use a high performance digital receiver, or reduced cost/power versions (scalability). SK may be used with different degrees of parallel/serial tradeoff thus dividing the number of receiver branches by 2 or more. Submission 32 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips

March 2003 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -03/125 r 2 802. 15. 3 a Early Merge Work Philips will be cooperating with: • • General Atomics Intel Discrete Time Domain Wisair Focus Enhancements Samsung Objectives: We encourage participation by any party who can help us reach our goals. • “Best” Technical Solution • ONE Solution • Excellent Business Terms • Fast Time To Market Submission 33 Presented by C. Razzell - Philips