Long Term and Immediate Causes of WWI MANIA

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Long Term and Immediate Causes of WWI- MANIA! THE POWDER KEG M A N

Long Term and Immediate Causes of WWI- MANIA! THE POWDER KEG M A N I “The Spark” __________________________ Militarism- Growth of your military in order to keep up __________________________ with your enemies (arms race) _________________________ agreement between two countries to aid and support one another Even a small conflict between two countries could draw manypride countries into the waror ethnic group __________________________ extreme in your country __________________________ SELF-DETERMINISM - desire of colonized ethnic group for _________________________ independence (their own country) Competition for colonies and control over trade routes led to ___________________________________________________ disputes and more tension between European nations _________________________ Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand; After Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, the alliance system pulled country after country into the conflict

III. Why does the U. S. Joins the War? 1. Economic Ties to the

III. Why does the U. S. Joins the War? 1. Economic Ties to the Allied Powers

2. Germany Threatens Freedom of the Seas with UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE a. After the

2. Germany Threatens Freedom of the Seas with UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE a. After the sinking of the Lusitania, Germany agrees to stop Unrestricted Submarine Warfare, but lies…

3. Zimmerman Note - message intercepted from Germany to Mexico asking Mexico to attack

3. Zimmerman Note - message intercepted from Germany to Mexico asking Mexico to attack the U. S. * 4. Russia exits the war in 1917 b/c of a Communist Revolution! 5. U. S. troops and resources tip the balance of war, and the Allied Powers win A German A Mexican

II. The Deadliest and Most Destructive War 1. Trench Warfare- created a STALEMATE

II. The Deadliest and Most Destructive War 1. Trench Warfare- created a STALEMATE

2. New Weapons and Technology a. Machine guns b. Tanks c. Poison Gas d.

2. New Weapons and Technology a. Machine guns b. Tanks c. Poison Gas d. Airplanes

4. U. S. Homefront a. Propaganda- Created to support the war effort b. War

4. U. S. Homefront a. Propaganda- Created to support the war effort b. War Bonds- Loans to government by citizens to pay for the war c. Loss of freedom of speech- Espionage Act of 1917 makes it illegal to criticize the war; Crackdown on suspected communist/socialists d. Schenck v U. S. - Charles Schenck arrested for criticizing draft; Court ruled that during wartime rights can be limited

5. After the War: The Treaty of Versailles 1. After the war, Britain and

5. After the War: The Treaty of Versailles 1. After the war, Britain and France want to punish Germany 2. Woodrow Wilson wants his 14 Points plan 3. Except for the League of Nations, all of Wilson’s points are rejected 4. Germany is severely punished by the Treaty of Versailles and U. S. Congress votes against joining the League of Nations 5. Congress votes against joining the League of Nations b/c they fear membership will pull the U. S. into another foreign war U. S. returns to isolationism 6. War leads to economic depression in Europe and also the rise of Nazism and fascism

A time of social and economic change

A time of social and economic change

Roaring Twenties (1920 -1929): time period in which the U. S. had tremendous economic

Roaring Twenties (1920 -1929): time period in which the U. S. had tremendous economic growth and cultural change I. Politics in the Roaring 20 s Ø A return to ISOLATIONISM a. The U. S. DOES NOT join the League of Nations b. High tariffs are passed to protect U. S. business Ø A return to Laissez- Faire a. 20 s Presidents felt that the best way to help business was to be “hands-off” 1. President Warren G. Harding (Republican) a. “Return to Normalcy”- wanted isolationism and laissez-faire b. Hard to trust Harding- his cabinet was corrupt Ø Teapot Dome Scandal

c. Harding dies on 8/2/1923, Vice President Calvin Coolidge takes over as President 2.

c. Harding dies on 8/2/1923, Vice President Calvin Coolidge takes over as President 2. Coolidge is re-elected in 1924 a. Laissez-Faire b. Coolidge Prosperity- stock market and businesses grew The Business of America is Business!

3. Herbert Hoover is elected in 1928 (Rep. ) a. Continued Laissez Faire policy

3. Herbert Hoover is elected in 1928 (Rep. ) a. Continued Laissez Faire policy b. Was President at the end of the “Roaring Twenties”, when the stock market crashed in late 1929 and the Great Depression began

I. Social Changes of the 20 s 1. Modernists (Urban, open minded, rejected prohibition)

I. Social Changes of the 20 s 1. Modernists (Urban, open minded, rejected prohibition) vs. Tradionalists (rural, very religious, image conscious) a. Scopes Monkey Trial- focused on teaching evolution b. New roles of women and “flapper” image 2. Harlem Renaissance – “Rebirth” of African American pride and culture in cities created by Great Migration and a new sense of freedom away from South a. Jazz music- first mainstream A. A. art form, radio helps spread popularity b. Literature – Langston Hughes

3. New Roles for Women a. Flappers- rebelled against traditional women’s roles; drank at

3. New Roles for Women a. Flappers- rebelled against traditional women’s roles; drank at Speakeasies, smoked, dated casually, danced. Wore short skirts, short haircuts, low neck lines. b. Voting- 19 th amendment gave women new power to vote c. In the workplace- Many women who took place of men during WWI remained in workplace; new job opportunities opened up as secretaries, typists, phone operators.

4. New Inventions a. Assembly line- increased productivity, made many products more affordable (especially

4. New Inventions a. Assembly line- increased productivity, made many products more affordable (especially cars) b. Automobile Effect of Automobiles in the 1920 s Economic Effects • Glass, iron, steel, oil, rubber industries boosted • Construction of roads, restaurants, gas stations and suburbs Social Effects • Growth of suburbs • Driving for fun

c. Home appliances- electricity become more available (especially in cities) d. Advertising- especially on

c. Home appliances- electricity become more available (especially in cities) d. Advertising- especially on the radio e. Radio- by end of 1920 s, most families own a radio- helps create MASS CULTURE, popularizes sports f. Hollywood- Movies become incredibly popular, helps create MASS CULTURE; by end of 1920 s, movies have sound

5. Economic Changes a. Return to laissez-faire b. Buy Now, Pay Later- helps lead

5. Economic Changes a. Return to laissez-faire b. Buy Now, Pay Later- helps lead to economic boom as people bought things they could not afford (Coolidge Prosperity) c. Buying stocks on margin- like buy now, pay later for stocks; leads to overvalued stock market!

3. Prohibition- 18 th Amendment a. Bootlegging and organized crime b. Speakeasies c. Fails

3. Prohibition- 18 th Amendment a. Bootlegging and organized crime b. Speakeasies c. Fails b/c of rise in crime and unpopularity

4. Increased Nativism- a. Red Scare- increased fear of communist takeover in U. S.

4. Increased Nativism- a. Red Scare- increased fear of communist takeover in U. S. (b/c of Russian revolution and # of new immigrants in U. S. ) • Sacco and Vanzetti • Palmer Raids • Stricter immigration- Quota acts keep out “new” immigrants (Fear of radicals From Russian revolution) b. Increase in KKK membership • Birth of a Nation Film • Great Migration

I. Causes of Depression a. Buy now, pay later causes DEBT b. Unequal distribution

I. Causes of Depression a. Buy now, pay later causes DEBT b. Unequal distribution of wealth c. Stock speculation d. STOCK MARKET CRASH!

I. Causes of Depression a. STOCK MARKET CRASH! Ø Black Tuesday, Oct. 29 th,

I. Causes of Depression a. STOCK MARKET CRASH! Ø Black Tuesday, Oct. 29 th, 1929 Ø Billions of dollars are lost, investments gone, businesses ruined

III. Effects of Depression 1. Massive Unemployment 2. Homelessness and breadlines/soup kitchens 3. Hoovervilles-

III. Effects of Depression 1. Massive Unemployment 2. Homelessness and breadlines/soup kitchens 3. Hoovervilles- communities of make-shift houses in which the poor and homeless could live

Bank Runs- when panicked customers attempt to withdraw their savings from a bank at

Bank Runs- when panicked customers attempt to withdraw their savings from a bank at the same time. ØBank runs led to bank failures during the Great Depression as banks did not have enough money to pay back their clients- many people lost all their money! ØPeople lost confidence in banks and did not put their savings back into banks ØWhen people do not put their money in banks, it is very difficult to break the cycle of depression! The GREAT DEPRESSION worsens GREAT DEPRESSION between 1929 -1933!

The Hoover Years 1. President when Depression hit- blamed/not popular 2. laissez-faire and “rugged

The Hoover Years 1. President when Depression hit- blamed/not popular 2. laissez-faire and “rugged individualism” approach very unpopular 3. Trickle-Down economics- get economy moving by helping big business/rich 4. Bonus Army- poor, homeless WWI veterans attacked and their Hooverville burned to the ground in 1932 BONUS MARCHERS PROTESTING IN WASHINGTON D. C.

II. The Dust Bowl was a series of dust storms in the Great Plains

II. The Dust Bowl was a series of dust storms in the Great Plains region [central United States] between 1930 and 1941 caused by a massive drought and decades of poor farming techniques

IV. FDR and the New Deal 1. New Deal- name FDR gave to the

IV. FDR and the New Deal 1. New Deal- name FDR gave to the series of Government programs and actions aimed at ending the Great Depression. 2. GOALS of the New Deal (Three Rs) a. Relief • Provide jobs for the unemployed • Provide support for the poor b. Recovery • Use power of government to boost industry and farming • Help the economy grow and get back on track • Restore confidence in the banking system c. Reform • Set up a “safety net” to prevent another Depression • Regulating the stock market and banking system

Fireside chats- radio broadcasts given by FDR to explain his programs and actions to

Fireside chats- radio broadcasts given by FDR to explain his programs and actions to the American people Bank Holiday- all the banks in the U. S. were closed to prevent further withdrawals. Then he persuaded Congress to pass the Emergency Banking Relief Act, which authorized the Treasury Department to inspect the countries banks. • This was explained to the American people at the first ever fireside chat

Name of Agency (Acronym) and date created Purpose Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), 1933

Name of Agency (Acronym) and date created Purpose Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), 1933 Created shortly after the Emergency banking Relief Act, the FDIC insured an individual’s savings of up to $5, 000 (today, it insures deposits of up to $100, 000). The FDIC also regulated lending policies and forbade banks from investing in the stock market. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), 1933 Hired unemployed young men to work on environmental conservation projects throughout the country. For a wage of thirty dollars a month (a portion of which was sent to their families), men worked on flood control and reforestation projects, helped improve national parks, and built many public roads. Approximately 3 million men worked in CCC camps during the program’s nine-year existence.

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 1934 Regulate the stock market and prevent corporate abuses

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 1934 Regulate the stock market and prevent corporate abuses relating to stock prices and corporate reporting. The SEC was given the power to license and regulate stock exchanges to prevent another crash from happening. Social Security Created a federal retiree pension system for many Act (SSA), workers, funded by a tax on every working American’s 1935 paycheck. The act also created an unemployment insurance plan to provide temporary assistance to those who were out of work, while also making funds available to the blind and physically disabled. Works Progress Administration (WPA), 1935 The largest New Deal agency, the WPA quickly created as many jobs as possible and provided unemployment relief. The program built many public buildings, projects and roads and operated large arts, drama, media and literacy projects. It fed children and redistributed food, clothing and housing.

LEGACY OF THE NEW DEAL: HOW DID IT CHANGE AMERICA? INCREASED THE SIZE OF

LEGACY OF THE NEW DEAL: HOW DID IT CHANGE AMERICA? INCREASED THE SIZE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND THE ROLE IT PLAYS IN THE ECONOMY AND PEOPLES LIVES Welfare State- PROTECTION OF LABOR UNIONS RENEWED INTEREST IN PRESERVING AND PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT INFASTRUCTURE- MAJOR CONSTRUCTION, ROADS AND ELECTRICITY PROJECTS HELP MODERNIZE RURAL AREAS

Court Packing Plan

Court Packing Plan

Court Packing Plan

Court Packing Plan

End of the Great Depression • WWII creates massive demand for goods and brings

End of the Great Depression • WWII creates massive demand for goods and brings about FULL EMPLOYMENT by 1942

WWII

WWII

I. Causes of WWII 1. Rise of Totalitarian Dictators a. Germany- Hitler and the

I. Causes of WWII 1. Rise of Totalitarian Dictators a. Germany- Hitler and the Nazis (Once Hitler was elected, he began to break the Treaty of Versailles) a. Italy- Mussolini and the Fascists b. Japan- Hideki Tojo (Military Leader) c. Soviet Union- Josef Stalin and Communism

I. Causes of WWII 2. Aggression and Appeasement a. Acts of Aggression (warlike acts

I. Causes of WWII 2. Aggression and Appeasement a. Acts of Aggression (warlike acts by one country a. against another without justification) were met with APPEASEMENT (giving in to aggression to avoid war) by Britain, France and the League of Nations b. The Soviet Nazi Non-Aggression pact left the Nazis free to invade Poland WITHOUT fear of a two-front war

The appeaser is giving out lollipops… does that LOOK like its going to satisfy

The appeaser is giving out lollipops… does that LOOK like its going to satisfy the aggressive monsters? !? !

II. The War Begins • Immediate Cause- Germany invades Poland on September 1 st,

II. The War Begins • Immediate Cause- Germany invades Poland on September 1 st, 1939

 Axis Powers- Germany, Italy, Japan Allied Powers o. United States, Great Britain, Soviet

Axis Powers- Germany, Italy, Japan Allied Powers o. United States, Great Britain, Soviet Union

III. U. S. - From Neutrality to War 1. America is neutral at first

III. U. S. - From Neutrality to War 1. America is neutral at first a. U. S. NOT in League of Nations b. America 1 st Movement c. Neutrality Actslaws passed in 1930 s designed to keep U. S. out of potential war

III. U. S. - From Neutrality to War 1. America is neutral at first

III. U. S. - From Neutrality to War 1. America is neutral at first a. U. S. NOT in League of Nations b. America 1 st Movement c. Neutrality Acts- laws passed in 1930 s designed to keep U. S. out of potential war 2. U. S. Steps up Involvement a. Selective Training and Service Act, 1940 - peacetime draft b. Cash and Carry- c. Lend-Lease-

2. U. S. Steps up Involvement a. Selective Training and Service Act, 1940 -

2. U. S. Steps up Involvement a. Selective Training and Service Act, 1940 - peace-time draft b. Cash and Carry- c. Lend-Lease- d. Embargo on Japan

e. War Comes to the U. S. . on December 7 th, 1941 -

e. War Comes to the U. S. . on December 7 th, 1941 - Japan attacks U. S. base at Pearl Harbor, forcing U. S. into the war “…a day that will live in infamy” - President Franklin D. Roosevelt

IV. U. S. Mobilizes for War- Production Miracle 1. Changes in the Work Force!

IV. U. S. Mobilizes for War- Production Miracle 1. Changes in the Work Force! Depression ends- country reaches full employment! Rosie the Riveter- Women filled the jobs of men who went off to war Increased job opportunities for African Americans

IV. U. S. Mobilizes for War- Production Miracle 1. Office of Price Administration. Government

IV. U. S. Mobilizes for War- Production Miracle 1. Office of Price Administration. Government issues ration cards for food and natural resources like gas • Ex: Families are forced to buy less food at the supermarket so the soldiers have enough to eat! • A crime to buy certain items without Ration coupons (black market)

Rationing poster Ration coupon for gasoline

Rationing poster Ration coupon for gasoline

IV. U. S. Mobilizes for War- Production Miracle 3. War Production Board- government agency

IV. U. S. Mobilizes for War- Production Miracle 3. War Production Board- government agency to mobilize economy for maximum production and how the nations raw materials would be divided up a. For example, automobile plants retooled to produce tanks, planes, boats and jeeps. mechanical pencils factory bomb parts. Bedspread manufacturer mosquito netting. Soda bottling company filling shells with explosives b. “Production miracle”- U. S. industry produces more goods during the war than all other countries combined! The WPB converted Ford Motor Co. into a B-29 production plant. By 1944, this factory was producing a B-29 bomber every 63 minutes!!!!

IV. U. S. Mobilizes for War- Production Miracle 3. War Production Board- government agency

IV. U. S. Mobilizes for War- Production Miracle 3. War Production Board- government agency to mobilize economy for maximum production and how the nations raw materials would be divided up a. For example, automobile plants retooled to produce tanks, planes, boats and jeeps. mechanical pencils factory bomb parts. Bedspread manufacturer mosquito netting. Soda bottling company filling shells with explosives b. “Production miracle”- U. S. industry produces more goods during the war than all other countries combined! c. organized nationwide recycling drives to collect waste materials to be converted into war goods.

IV. U. S. Mobilizes for War- Production Miracle 3. War Production Board- government agency

IV. U. S. Mobilizes for War- Production Miracle 3. War Production Board- government agency to mobilize economy for maximum production and how the nations raw materials would be divided up c. organized nationwide recycling drives to collect waste materials to be converted into war goods.

4. War Bonds- U. S. citizens would “loan” the government money to help pay

4. War Bonds- U. S. citizens would “loan” the government money to help pay Bondsfor the war U. S. citizens would buy over 185 BILLION dollars worth of war bonds!!

Victory Gardens- grow your own food to keep public supply for soldiers Ø Also

Victory Gardens- grow your own food to keep public supply for soldiers Ø Also showed patriotism and kids and the elderly could contribute Victory Gardens to save food Car Pooling to save gas

5. Japanese Internment- Executive Order 9066 • a. Japanese Internment- forced removal and relocation

5. Japanese Internment- Executive Order 9066 • a. Japanese Internment- forced removal and relocation of Japanese and Japanese Americans in the U. S. after Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor

b. Japanese Americans relocated without trial b/c government feared they were spies or saboteurs

b. Japanese Americans relocated without trial b/c government feared they were spies or saboteurs c. Interment violated MULTIPLE constitutional rights, including 4 th Amendment (probable cause and illegal search) and 5 th (right to trial) d. Korematsu v. U. S. (1944)- Supreme Court ruled internment was constitutional because the need to keep the country safe was more important than the rights of the individual

V. Important Battles 1. D-Day (June 6 th, 1944)- Turning point in European Theater,

V. Important Battles 1. D-Day (June 6 th, 1944)- Turning point in European Theater, opens a 2 nd front in Europe so the Nazis will have to fight a two-front war 2. Battle of Midway (June 4 -7 th, 1942)- Turning point in Pacific Theater. U. S. Navy defeats Japanese at Midway, Japan never fully recovers

VI. End of the War- President Truman’s Decision to drop the Atomic Bomb o

VI. End of the War- President Truman’s Decision to drop the Atomic Bomb o Bushido- Code of the Samurai o Kamikaze attacks- suicide attacks against U. S. troops and ships o Training Civilians- women and children were being trained as kamikaze fighters if U. S. invaded Japan o… Truman decided to drop a second bomb on Nagasaki, because Japan didn’t surrender after the first dropped on Hiroshima

VII. Outcomes of WWII a. United Nations- Organization of countries in which world issues

VII. Outcomes of WWII a. United Nations- Organization of countries in which world issues can be discussed in an effort to avoid war and maintain peace b. Nuclear Age- Use of atomic weapons enters world into nuclear age arms race nuclear power plants c. Nuremberg Trials- Nazis and Japanese leaders put on trial for WAR CRIMES--. Held accountable for actions during war d. U. S. and its allies and USSR and its allies enter COLD WAR

Cold War

Cold War

U. S. Aims Versus Soviet Aims in Post- WWII Europe The U. S. Wanted

U. S. Aims Versus Soviet Aims in Post- WWII Europe The U. S. Wanted to The Soviets Wanted to • Encourage democracy • Rebuild governments to insure stability and to create new markets for American goods • Stop the spread of Communism • Encourage spread of communism • Control Eastern Europe to balance the U. S. influence in Western Europe

 • United States v. Soviet Union (USSR) Cold War(1945 -1991)- state War of

• United States v. Soviet Union (USSR) Cold War(1945 -1991)- state War of hostility and competition between the United States and the Soviet Union • “Iron Curtain” border that cut-off Sovietrun eastern Europe (satellites) from the democratic governments of the west. • Containment (Truman Doctrine) trying to stop (contain) the spread of communism and Soviet influence by supporting weaker countries

 • The Berlin Airlift (April, 1948 to September, 1949)- U. S. and it’s

• The Berlin Airlift (April, 1948 to September, 1949)- U. S. and it’s allies flew supplies into West Berlin to keep it from falling under Soviet control Marshall Plan- U. S. supplied economic aid to foreign nations to help them rebuild after WWII

COLD WAR ALLIANCES North American Treaty Organization (N. A. T. O. ) 1949 -

COLD WAR ALLIANCES North American Treaty Organization (N. A. T. O. ) 1949 - U. S. led alliance in which an attack on any member would be considered an attack on ALL members Warsaw Pact, 1955 - A Soviet led alliance in which attack on any satellite country would be considered an attack on ALL members

Korean War: Causes and Results ØAfter WWII, Korea was divided into two countries; Communist

Korean War: Causes and Results ØAfter WWII, Korea was divided into two countries; Communist North Korea and Democratic South Korea ØIn 1950, North Korean 38 PARALLEL troops invaded South Korea DIVIDING LINE TH BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH KOREA ØThe country remained divided along the 38 th Parallel, and remains so today

COLD WAR FEAR AND PANIC • Arms race ØLed to massive increase in defense

COLD WAR FEAR AND PANIC • Arms race ØLed to massive increase in defense spending • Mc. Carthyism 2 nd Red Scare! Mc. Carthyism- making public accusations of disloyalty to the United States without sufficient evidence • Bomb Shelters (Duck and Cover)

1. Space Race- competition between the U. S. and the Soviet Union for superior

1. Space Race- competition between the U. S. and the Soviet Union for superior technology in getting to and exploring outer space • In 1957, the U. S. S. R. launched the worlds first satellite, called Sputnik • Made U. S. feel inferior and vulnerable to Nuclear attack • In 1969, the U. S. landed a spacecraft on the moon

Cuban Missile Crisis • Reasons Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev put nuclear missiles in Cuba

Cuban Missile Crisis • Reasons Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev put nuclear missiles in Cuba • Panic of nuclear war in the United States and around the world • Reasons for President John F. Kennedy’s decision to blockade Cuba • Results of the Cuban Missile Crisis being resolved -USSR agrees to take missiles out of Cuba -U. S. promises never to invade Cuba (and secretly to take missiles out of Turkey)

Vietnam [Indochina] War o. Reasons the United States participated in the Vietnam conflict §Similarities

Vietnam [Indochina] War o. Reasons the United States participated in the Vietnam conflict §Similarities with the Korean conflict Both countries divided between a communist north and non-communist south §Truman Doctrine- U. S. foreign policy, we would stop spread of communism anywhere §Domino Theory- idea that if one country in Asia fell to communism, the rest would follow

Gulf of Tonkin Incident Gulf of Tonkin Resolution §In response to alleged attacks on

Gulf of Tonkin Incident Gulf of Tonkin Resolution §In response to alleged attacks on U. S. ships in the Gulf of Tonkin, Johnson asks for full power to use U. S. military "to prevent further aggression"- (Gulf of Tonkin Resolution) Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Escalates War: §Approves Operation Rolling Thunder [massive bombing campaign on North Vietnam, supply routes, and Vietcong hideouts. §By 1967, 500, 000 U. S. troops in Vietnam

o. Reasons for the antiwar movement and protest §Living Room War and credibility gap

o. Reasons for the antiwar movement and protest §Living Room War and credibility gap a. Constant television coverage of the war showed Americans the horror of the fighting (AKA Living Room War) b. media coverage led to a "credibility gap", in which what the government was saying and what was being reported by the news were very different §Much of the opposition and protest over the Vietnam war was led by young, college aged adults §Saw war as civil war - unhappy with draft §Draft- seen as bias against minorities and the poor

§ TET Offensive [T. O. ]- Although a statistical defeat for the Vietcong, the

§ TET Offensive [T. O. ]- Although a statistical defeat for the Vietcong, the T. O. changed the minds of many Americans to believe that the war was un-winnable (Government's "Credibility Gap" widened §Underfunding the Great Society- LBJ’s social program (The Great Society) did not receive enough money b/c the Vietnam War was so expensive

Results of War §Vietnam is united under communism §Draft abolished §War Powers Act- intended

Results of War §Vietnam is united under communism §Draft abolished §War Powers Act- intended to check the power of the President in committing the United States to an armed conflict without the consent of Congress

§Watergate scandal- political scandal during the 1970 s in the United States resulting from

§Watergate scandal- political scandal during the 1970 s in the United States resulting from the break-in of the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington, D. C. Effects of the scandal eventually led to the resignation of the President of the United States, Richard Nixon, on August 9, 1974, the first and only resignation of any U. S. President. §Fall of the Berlin Wall- Symbolic end to the Cold War

Jim Crow Segregation and the Struggle for Civil Rights

Jim Crow Segregation and the Struggle for Civil Rights

JFK- John F. Kennedy 1960 -1963(D) 1. Bay of Pigs, Cuban Missile Crisis, Civil

JFK- John F. Kennedy 1960 -1963(D) 1. Bay of Pigs, Cuban Missile Crisis, Civil Rights Bill 1963 2. Assassinated on November 22, 1963 in Dallas, Texas, by Lee Harvey Oswald 3. Lyndon Baines Johnson become President

LBJ- Lyndon Baines Johnson 1963 -1968(D) 1. Gulf of Tonkin, Vietnam War, Civil Rights

LBJ- Lyndon Baines Johnson 1963 -1968(D) 1. Gulf of Tonkin, Vietnam War, Civil Rights act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 2. “Great Society”- plan to reduce poverty, promote equality, improve education and rebuild inner-cities – Medicare and Medicaid- Government healthcare for the poor and the elderly – Dept. of Housing and Urban Development- housing projects in poor neighborhoods and cities v Great Society is undefunded because of spending on the Vietnam War

Jimmy Carter (D) 1. Camp David accord- important step in the Middle-East peace process;

Jimmy Carter (D) 1. Camp David accord- important step in the Middle-East peace process; tried to make peace between Israel and Egypt (and other Arab countries); mediated by President Jimmy Carter at the president’s vacation home in Camp David.

Persian Gulf War • (August 2, 1990 – February 28, 1991) War between U.

Persian Gulf War • (August 2, 1990 – February 28, 1991) War between U. N. and U. S. forces and the Iraqi Army under Saddam Hussein • Iraq invaded Kuwait to gain control over the oil fields • President George H. W. Bush committed U. S. forces to protect Kuwait b/c U. S. wanted to keep oil supply from Kuwait open

 • September 11, 2001 Al-Qaeda terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and

• September 11, 2001 Al-Qaeda terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon • Decision to invade Afghanistan after 9/11 attacks. Afghanistan seen as safe grounds for Al Qaeda (terrorist organization responsible for 911 attacks) § War on Terror § Patriot Act § Creation of Homeland Security

Issues of the 20 th/21 st Century • Baby Boom of the 1950 s

Issues of the 20 th/21 st Century • Baby Boom of the 1950 s a. baby boom- the large increase in the birthrate from the late 1940 s to the early 1960 s b. factors -----> post WWII baby boom • Improved healthcare • economic growth allowed many to afford more children §G. I. Bill- gave low-cost loans for college and homes to returning WWII veterans §Increase of home construction and school population in late 1950 s and 1960 s • Affirmative Action • Sandra Day O’Connor & Geraldine Ferraro • Illegal immigration

Impact of Technology on American Society [based on historical importance and what you have

Impact of Technology on American Society [based on historical importance and what you have learned in social studies – NOT your personal experiences] §Henry Ford’s assembly line [mass production] -Allowed Ford to make cars affordable for average American -Led to a huge growth in automobile sales in the 1920 s -Technique copied by many other companies §The automobile -Led to economic growth in U. S. in the 1920 s (oil industry, rubber, glass, roadside restaurants and gas stations) -Growth of suburbs as people could live further away from work

 • Radio -Consumer product of the 1920 s -Led to advertising and entertainment

• Radio -Consumer product of the 1920 s -Led to advertising and entertainment revolution -Fireside chats -Nixon/Kennedy debate- those who listened on radio though Nixon won • Nuclear power -Manhattan Project- Allied plan to develop nuclear weapons during WWII -Atomic weapons used to force Japanese surrender -Cold war nuclear arms race (Cuban Missile Crisis) -Nuclear Power Plant disasters! - Chernobyl, Three Mile Island Japan 2011

 • Television -Consumer product of the 1950 s -Advertising and entertainment revolution -Army/Mc.

• Television -Consumer product of the 1950 s -Advertising and entertainment revolution -Army/Mc. Carthy hearings -Nixon/Kennedy debate- people who watched felt Kennedy won -Living Room War- TV coverage of Vietnam led to loss of public support and credibility gap • Computer Revolution • Steve Jobs & Bill Gates • Internet • “Shrinking World” • Instant news • Instant access to information • Instant communication with others via e-mail

Presidential Elections 2000 election- Controversial recount in the State of Florida; many suspicious voter

Presidential Elections 2000 election- Controversial recount in the State of Florida; many suspicious voter problems in democratic counties; Bush is given victory in Florida and wins election 2008+2012 elections – Barack Obama becomes the country’s first African American president; Osama Bin Laden killed, Iraq war ended, “Obamacare”

Chicco Exam Rooms- Mon. 6/10, Tues. 6/11, 8: 15 -10: 15 • • •

Chicco Exam Rooms- Mon. 6/10, Tues. 6/11, 8: 15 -10: 15 • • • Per 1 - 238 Per 3 -GYM Per 5 - 240 Per 7 - 242 Per 8 - GYM

Review MC Answers 1. D 11. D 21. C 31. B 41. D 51.

Review MC Answers 1. D 11. D 21. C 31. B 41. D 51. D 61. D 71. D 2. A 12. A 22. A 32. C 42. A 52. A 62. D 72. C 3. A 13. A 23. C 33. C 43. D 53. A 63. C 73. C 4. B 14. A 24. A 34. A 44. B 54. C 64. A 5. C 15. D 25. D 35. D 45. A 55. A 65. B 6. D 16. D 26. C 36. C 46. D 56. C 66. B 7. D 17. C 27. C 37. B 47. B 57. D 67. D 8. A 18. C 28. C 38. C 48. A 58. C 68. C 9. A 19. B 29. D 39. A 49. D 59. A 69. B 10. D 20. A 30. D 40. A 50. B 60. A 70. A