War Breaks Out in Europe World War I

War Breaks Out in Europe World War I: (1914 -1918) Chapter 24, Section 1

Essential Question: • What justifies a country going to war?

WWI Alliance Role Play…

The “Spark” of WWI: • The Assassination of the Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand of Austria on June 28 th, 1914 • Assassin was a Serbian Citizen • Austria & Serbia HATED Each Other!

The “Powder Keg” Keg of Europe: • Colonel House Came Back from Europe (1914) & Reported to Woodrow Wilson that Europe is a “Open Keg of Gun Powder!” • All it Needs is a SPARK for a World War to Break Out! • What Did He Mean by Europe Being a “Powder Keg? ” Keg

4 Underlying Causes of WWI: “The Powder Keg” Keg • • Imperialism Nationalism Militarism Alliances • “The Spark” Spark = Assassination of the Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary

Imperialism in Africa 1914 • Britain, France, Germany & Italy Had Many Colonies in Africa & Asia • Germany Had VERY FEW Colonies in Africa & None in Asia! (Jealous) • All European Countries Wanted Colonies to Get Rich & Powerful!

Nationalism • Feelings of Pride, Loyalty & Being Protective of Your Country • Nationalism = Want to Prove Your Country is the Best! • Willing to Defend/ Fight For Your Country!

Nationalism Continued… • Tell Story of Post 9/11 Commercials • Play “Proud To Be An American” on IPod • Play Whitney Houston’s National Anthem on IPod/You Tube at Super Bowl 25 (1991 War in Iraq)

Militarism • Belief that Country Needs a Large Military to Be Powerful! • European Countries Were Building Up Their Armies & Navies Prior to WWI • If You Build 1 Tank, I Have to Build 2. If I Have 2, You Build 4. If I Have 4…

Alliances • Think of OUR WWI Role Play… • A Small Fight Becomes a HUGE War if Everyone is Involved! • Central Powers vs. Allies

Central Powers: • Germany, Austria. Hungary, Ottoman Empire (Turkey) & Bulgaria • Why Do YOU Think They Were Called the Central Powers? • What Might They Have Been AFRAID Of?

The Allies • Serbia, Russia, France, Great Britain, Italy & 7 Other Countries

Germany’s st 1 • Germany 1 st Wanted to Take Over France • Had to Go Through Belgium to Get to France • Germany Wanted to Capture Paris: – The Capital of France • Why Do You ALWAYS Capture the Capital 1 st? (9/11/01) Goal: France

Europe

1914 Europe

st 1 Battle of the Marne

1 st Battle of the Marne River • Germans Conquer Belgium & Reach the Marne River – 40 Miles Outside of Paris • British Helped the French STOP Germany’s Advance • Trench Warfare Started!

Trench Warfare

Trench Warfare • Trench Warfare Lasted for 3+ Years • Battle Lines Remained Virtually the Same (1914 -1917) • Neither Side Could Win a Clear Victory • Trenches Stretched From the English Channel All the Way Through France to Switzerland

Battle of the Somme • Occurred Over 5 Months in 1916 • Over 1. 2 Million Soldiers Killed: – British Lost 400, 000+ – German Lost 600, 000+ – French 200, 000+ – Only Won 7 Miles of Land (Valhalla to Pleasantville)

Trench Foot • Soldiers Had to Stay in the Trenches • Avoided Sniper Fire/Artillery Shells Machine Gun Fire • Lived in Mud for Years! (Rats too!) • Where Do YOU Go the Bathroom?

New Technologies of WWI • Everyone Thought WWI Would Be Over Quickly Because of New Weapons • New Technologies Led to MORE DEATH!

WWI Tanks • British Invented Tanks! • Smashed Through Barbed Wire, Crossed Trenches, Cleared Paths

WWI Machine Guns • Machine Guns Were Used for the 1 st Time During WWI • Fired 600 Bullets Per Minute • Machine Guns Caused Trench Warfare • More Death!

Poisonous Gas • Both the Central Powers & the Allies Used Poisonous Gas During WWI • 1 st Time in World History Chemical Weapons Were Used • Burned/Blinded Soldiers • Led to More Death!

World War I Airplanes • 1 st Time Airplanes Were Used for War • Manfred von Richthofen: – A. K. A. The Red Baron – Shot Down 80 Allied Planes • Used More for Reconnaissance

German U-Boats (Submarines)

U-Boats • Germans Were the 1 st to Have Submarines • Used U-Boats to Block Trade and Sink Supply Ships • Extremely Hard to Destroy (Can’t See Them!) • Led to More Death!

Woodrow Wilson • President of USA During WWI • Trustbuster/Clayton Anti-Trust Act/ Federal Reserve Act/ 18 th & 19 th Amendments • Did NOT Want to Enter USA into WWI

U. S. Stays Neutral • Wilson Kept the U. S. OUT of WWI (At 1 st) • U. S. Claimed to be NEUTRAL – Not in Favor of Either Side • U. S. DID Trade with the Allies – NOT with the Central Powers • Why Do YOU Think the U. S. Favored the Allies?

British Naval Blockade • Britain Put a Naval Blockade Around German Ports • Germany Couldn’t Get Supplies! • Germany Responded by Using U-Boats to Sink ALL Merchant Ships Around England!

Unrestricted German Submarine Warfare • Germans Sank ALL Merchant Ships Heading for Britain

The Lusitania • Germans Sank British Cruise Liner Lusitania in 1915 • 1, 198 Innocent People Died • 128 Were Americans • U. S. Was Very ANGRY! ANGRY

United States Does NOT Declare WAR! • United States is Very ANGRY at Germany: – Lusitania Was a Peaceful Ship – 128 Americans Were on Board! • Wilson DEMANDS Germany to STOP Unrestricted Submarine Warfare! • Germany Agrees a Little While) (For

Very Famous • Who Sent the “Notice? ” • Who Was the “Notice” Sent to? • What Did the “Notice” Warn Customers of?

Presidential Election of 1916 • Woodrow Wilson Wins Election of 1916 • “He Kept Us Out of War” • Germany Breaks Its’ Promise to U. S. After the Election & Starts Sinking Ships Again! • Germany Knows U. S. Will Enter WWI Soon!

The Zimmermann Telegram • Telegram Intercepted by the British • Written by Arthur Zimmermann, Foreign Minister of Germany • Written to Mexico • Asked Mexico to Invade the U. S.

The “Zimmermann Deal” • If U. S. Joins WWI, Mexico Has to Join the Central Powers • Mexico Has to Invade the U. S. • After WWI, Mexico Would Get Back ALL Land Lost in the Mexican American War! – The Mexican Cession!

Why Would Germany Want Mexico to Invade the U. S. ?

The Zimmermann Telegram “Conspiracy” Conspiracy • Who Intercepted the Telegram Again? ? ? • Hmmmmmm…… • What Might Be the Conspiracy Theory Behind the Telegram? • Did the U. S. Go to War After the Zimmermann Telegram?

The “Final Straw” • Germany Continued Unrestricted Submarine Warfare • Germany Sank 3 More American Ships • Woodrow Wilson Asked for a Declaration of War from Congress on April 2 nd, 1917 • U. S. Entered WWI!

U. S. Enters WWI “The world must be made safe for democracy… We desire no conquest… We are but one of the champions of the rights of mankind. We shall be satisfied when those rights have been made secure. – Woodrow Wilson, Address to Congress, April 2 nd, 1917

Czar Nicholas II • Huge Russian Army was Losing in 1915 • Czar Nicholas Took Over the Russian Army: – Poor Leader – More Russian Soldiers Got Killed – Made Bad Decisions • By 1917, Russians Citizens Had No Food, Riots, Inflation, Striking Workers • Russians HATED Czar Nicholas II

The 1917 Russian Revolution • The Russian People HATED Czar Nicholas II • Czar Nicholas II & His Family Fled Russia – Fear of Assassination • The Bolsheviks Took Over: – Promised Peace, Bread, & Get Back Land Lost in WWI

The Bolsheviks • Vladimir Lenin was the Leader of the Bolsheviks • Bolsheviks Promised to End Russian Involvement in WWI & Get Land Lost Back! • Lenin Signed the Treaty of Brest. Litovsk: – Russia Got Out of WWI

The Soviet Union & Communism Was Born!

Communism • Communism is a Form of Socialism • Communism is a Political System in Which the Government Controls Everything! • There is NO Private Property! • Russia Became Known as the U. S. S. R. – Union of Soviet Socialist Republics – SOVIET UNION

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk • When Russians Dropped Out of the War, Germany Sent All of their Troops to Invade France in the West • U. S. Had to Come Quickly or Central Powers Would WIN! • Russia Did Get Land Back Lost in WWI! – Bolsheviks & Lenin Were Heroes to the Russian People

Essential Question: • What justifies a country going to war?