LOGIC GATE TIMING DIAGRAM 1 And gate timing

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LOGIC GATE TIMING DIAGRAM 1

LOGIC GATE TIMING DIAGRAM 1

And gate timing diagram 2

And gate timing diagram 2

OR Gate Timing diagrams 3

OR Gate Timing diagrams 3

Inverter Timing diagrams 4

Inverter Timing diagrams 4

The NAND Gate Timing diagrams 5

The NAND Gate Timing diagrams 5

NAND Gate is a Universal Gate 6

NAND Gate is a Universal Gate 6

The NOR Gate Timing diagrams 7

The NOR Gate Timing diagrams 7

NOR Gate is a universal gate 8

NOR Gate is a universal gate 8

The Exclusive-OR Gates h t y Tr g n i m i t e

The Exclusive-OR Gates h t y Tr g n i m i t e 9 r g dia ! ! ! am

The Exclusive-NOR Gates h t y Tr g n i m i t e

The Exclusive-NOR Gates h t y Tr g n i m i t e 10 r g dia ! ! ! am

Boolean Algebra n n n Mathematics of digital system Important in the analysis of

Boolean Algebra n n n Mathematics of digital system Important in the analysis of logic circuit Boolean algebra defines 3 operations: 1. addition, 2. multiplication, and 3. complementation. These correspond to the logic operations OR, AND and NOT respectively. 11

Boolean Addition and 1. Multiplication The rules for Boolean Addition are: 2. The rules

Boolean Addition and 1. Multiplication The rules for Boolean Addition are: 2. The rules for Boolean Multiplication are: 12

Commutative Law 13

Commutative Law 13

Associative Law 14

Associative Law 14

Distributive Law 15

Distributive Law 15

Digital IC What is IC? n An integrated circuit (IC) is a silicon semiconductor

Digital IC What is IC? n An integrated circuit (IC) is a silicon semiconductor crystal, called a chip, containing the electronic components for constructing digital gates. n Various gates connected inside to form required ckt. n Logic Gates are the basic building blocks of Digital Logics and Circuits. n Digital ICs are often categorized according to the complexity of their circuits, as measured by the number of logic gates in a single package. 16

Digital IC packaging density 17

Digital IC packaging density 17

Positive and Negative logic 18

Positive and Negative logic 18

Positive and Negative logic 19

Positive and Negative logic 19

Digital ICs n n Digital ICs are classified not only by their complexity or

Digital ICs n n Digital ICs are classified not only by their complexity or logical operation, but also by the specific circuit technology to which they belong. The circuit technology is referred to as a digital logic family. Each logic family has its own basic electronic circuit upon which more complex digital circuits and components are developed. The basic circuit in each technology is a NAND, NOR, or inverter gate. 20

Digital IC Logic Family RTL : (Resistor-Transistor Logic) n DTL : (Diode-Transistor Logic) n

Digital IC Logic Family RTL : (Resistor-Transistor Logic) n DTL : (Diode-Transistor Logic) n TTL : (Transistor-Transistor Logic) n ECL : (Emitter-Coupled Logic) n MOS : (Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) n CMOS : (Complementary MOS) n 21

Any question? 22

Any question? 22