Kingdom Animalia Introduction Kingdom Animalia Chapters 32 33

Kingdom Animalia Introduction

Kingdom Animalia • • Chapters 32, 33 and 34 in text Your Handouts… Animals are Metazoans (? ? ? ) Are all animals in one Kingdom? From what did animals evolve? When did animals originate? 600+ mya

Characteristics of Animals • Eukaryotic • Multicellular • Heterotrophic (via ingestion) ? ? ? – Herbivores – Carnivores – Detritovores – Omnivores – (Parasites)

Additional Characteristics (I) • Shared by MOST animals • Carbohydrates stored as glycogen • Highly specialized cells, tissues, organs and organ systems (except Porifera and Placozoa) • Nerves and muscles in most Phyla (except…Porifera and Placozoa) • More often reproduce sexually (Oogamous with Undulipodiated sperm) • Asexual reproduction in many “lower” taxa

Additional Characteristics (II) • Haplobiontic Diploid Life Cycle • In MOST --- zygote undergoes divisions (cleavage) to form a Blastula (Fig. 32. 2)

Additional Characteristics (III) • Some animals --- maturation gradual to the adult form • Some animals --- have a larval stage that undergoes some type of metamorphosis to the sexually mature adult form

Types, Number & Distribution • • • Vertebrate vs. Invertebrate (misleading ? ? ) Non-Chordate vs. Chordate (better) Approx. 25 Phyla AT LEAST 2 million species Maybe 2 x to 5 x as many as above --- WHY? Seas – possess greatest diversity of animal Phyla • Land – has greatest species diversity

Origin of Animals (I) • From a heterotrophic colonial flagellated protozoan • Why flagellated (= undulipodiated)? • Was it a coanoflagellate? (page 656, Fig. 32. 3 gives three strong reasons for this KNOW THEM!)

Origin of Animals (II) • • • Was it a hollow or solid colony? One origin ? ? ? Yes ? ? ? We will consider them as monophyletic Ontogeny and Phylogeny

From Protozoa to Metazoa (I)

From Protozoa to Metazoa (II)

Did “Protoanimals” resemble Tricoplax adhaerens ? ? ?

Kingdom Animalia - Diversity • Metazoa – Parazoa – Eumetazoa – Radiata – Bilateria • Where does Tricoplax adhaerens (Phylum Placozoa) belong?

Older Phylogenetic Tree (Fig. 32. 10)

Newer Phylogenetic Tree (Fig. 32. 11)

Body Symmetry (Fig. 32. 7)

Development and Body Plans • Parazoa • Eumetazoa • Tricoplax adhaerens ? ? ? • Radiata – Planula larva – Diploblastic (ectoderm and endoderm) • Bilateria – Triploblastic (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm) • Zygote Blastula Gastrula

Early Embyronic Development (Fig. 32. 2)

Germ Layer Derivatives • Ectoderm --- forms outer covering (epithelium) and nervous system • Mesoderm --- muscles and some organs • Endoderm --- lining of digestive tract, liver and lungs

Coelom --- Yes or No (Fig. 32. 8) • What is a coelom? • Acoelomate animals

Pseudocolomate Animals (Fig. 32. 8) • Mesoderm lines ONLY the OUTER body wall!

Coelomate Animals (Fig. 32. 8) • Also known as Eucoelomate animals

Coelom Functions • Cushions organs (prevents injury) • Organs can grow and move independently of outer body wall • Acts as a hydrostatic ‘skeleton’ in some organisms

Protostome / Deuterostome (Fig. 32. 9)