ISN Page 119 Reconstruction Title Page Standard 8

ISN Page 119: Reconstruction Title Page Standard: 8 -5 Indicators: 8 -5. 1, 8 -5. 2, 8 -5. 3 - 3 Words and Pic with Color

8 -5 Standard: The student will understand the impact of Reconstruction, industrialization, and Progressivism on society and politics in SC in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

8 -5. 1 Indicator: Analyze the development of Reconstruction policy and its impact in SC, including the presidential and the congressional reconstruction plans, the role of black codes, and the Freedmen’s Bureau.

8 -5. 2 Indicator: Describe the economic impact of Reconstruction on South Carolinians in each of the various social classes.

8 -5. 3 Indicator: Summarize the successes and failures of Reconstruction in SC, including the creation of political, educational, and social opportunities for African Americans; the rise of discriminatory groups; and the withdrawal of federal protection.

Essential Questions We Will Answer! How did Reconstruction attempt to resolve problems left from the Civil War? How did Reconstruction affect people in South Carolina? What were the successes and failures in SC Related to Reconstruction ? What political events occurred in SC that were related to the Constitution of 1868 ?

• Secession is illegal. • States’ Rights can exist but the federal (US) government is sovereign – has ultimate authority. • Slavery is ended.

• Almost 620, 000 Americans lost their lives, more then all other US wars in our history. • Thousands of soldiers were permanently injured (lost arms or legs) Effects of the Civil War

• Because of Sherman’s March, farmland produced below levels, railroads couldn’t transport food or goods, bridges & roads destroyed prevented transportation. • Southern economy & banks were in ruins many people couldn’t pay taxes & debts. The South After the Civil War

• Land, homes, public buildings destroyed. • Charleston in ruins from shelling. • Columbia in ruins from fire. • Confederate money worthless. • SC people / government broke. • 35% of White male population dead. • Struggling freed slaves – no homes, money or education.

1. Eleven year (1865 -1876) process of rebuilding the South following the Civil War. 2. Federal (US) government was more concerned with rebuilding the South politically and socially. 3. Federal (US) government expected the South to rebuild itself physically and economically.

C: What needed to be rebuilt? 1. POLITICALLY: Who will run the Government now? 3. SOCIALLY: How will former slaves be helped? How will Whites deal with a new social class? 2. PHYSICALLY: How can SC afford to rebuild homes, buildings, railroads, when they have no money? 4. ECONOMICALLY: What will planters do without slave labor? What jobs will former slaves find?

ISN Pg. 122: 8 -5. 1 Tri-Fold Chart • Heading, Side 1: 8 -5. 1: Reconstruction – rebuilding South politically and socially and reunification of the United States • Labels: 1. Lincoln’s Plan 2. Johnson’s Plan 3. Congressional Plan

ISN Pg. 122: 8 -5. 1 Tri-Fold Chart: • Heading, Side 2: 8 -5. 1: Goal of Reconstruction amendments: Equal treatment for all American citizens • Labels: 1. 13 th Amendment 2. 14 th Amendment 3. 15 th Amendment

8 -5. 1 Tri-Fold Chart Guide… To help guide your Dash Notes, Side 1 (Plans): 1. What are the plan guidelines / rules / goals? 2. Who supports this plan? 3. Is this plan harsh on Confederacy or lenient (easy) on the Confederacy? To help guide your Dash Notes, Side 2 (Amendments): 1. Guidelines of the Amendment (can summarize) 2. Who did this Amendment affect? 3. Reaction to this Amendment – did everyone follow the rules of this Amendment? If not, explain.

• Lincoln’s Plan – Reunited U. S. ASAP

« 10% Plan * Replace high level Confederate officials with “loyal rule”. Pardoned ALL but highest ranking Confederate officers. * Slavery prohibited (Adopt 13 th amendment). * 10% of a state’s voting population had to take loyalty oath and establish a new govt. * Lenient / easy on the South.

• Lincoln’s plan was not finished before he was assassinated. • April 14, 1865: He was shot in Ford’s Theatre by John Wilkes Booth. • Booth was a southern sympathizer who thought he was helping the south by killing Lincoln.

Lincoln’s Assassination

Vice President Andrew Johnson becomes President of the United States. .

President Andrew Johnson « Became President when Lincoln died. « Democrat. « Anti-Aristocrat. « White Supremacist. « Agreed with Lincoln that states had never legally left the Union.

Johnson’s Plan • Appointed new governors for each Southern state. • Pardoned many ex-Confederates. (Wealthy had to pay fee for pardon) • Each state had to approve 13 th amendment. • Was lenient on the South • BUT, Johnson DID NOT want African Americans involved in Reconstruction.

ISN Page 123: 8 -5. 1 Presidential Reconstruction NFW: Draw a Basic Venn Diagram contrasting the Reconstruction Plans of President Lincoln and President Johnson.

th 13 Amendment «Ratified December, 1865. «Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, (except as punishment for crime…), shall exist within the US…

th 13 Amendment

th 14 Amendment - Recognized citizenship of African Americans: Overturned Dred Scott Decision –Gave all citizens equal protection under the law and due process (court) –SC refused to ratify the 14 th

The 14 th Amendment

Congress Breaks with the President « Congress does not allow Southern Congressional delegates into Congress. « Committee on Reconstruction created. « President Johnson vetoes everything so Congress gets MAD! « Congress passed bills over Johnson’s vetoes

President Johnson’s Impeachment President Johnson continued to fight Congress and appointed people to positions without Congressional approval. « The House impeached Johnson by a vote of 126 – 47 but did not vote to remove him from office.

Congressional Reconstruction «Led by Radical Republicans. «Military occupation of states. -Divided into 5 districts. SC=#2 «Required new state constitutions that ratified 13 th and 14 th Amendments / right to vote for blacks. (1867)

th 15 Amendment - Gave ALL male citizens right to vote regardless of race, creed, or previous condition of servitude –This helped Republican party increase their political power in the South and get Grant elected in 1868 –SC refused to ratify the 15 th

15 th Amendment

ISN Page 124: 8 -5. 1 SC Constitution of 1868 1. How and Who? – Congress forced SC to elect new state delegates and write new constitution – Most delegates were Blacks and recent immigrants (Northerners) 2. Provisions (Guidelines): – Based representation in state legislature on population alone (not $$$) – Abolished property qualification to hold office – Gave right to vote to ALL males – Provided for public education

ISN Page 125: 8 -5. 1 Freedmen’s Bureau 1. Established by Congress during War 2. Helped poor freedmen and Whites: – Obtain food, clothing, medical care, education, jobs, protection – Establish over 1, 000 schools in South – Tried to give freedmen confiscated land, but President Johnson returned it to plantation owners…claimed he had to respect their property rights – BUT…social programs cost $$$ - taxes increase

The Freedman’s Bureau

Freedmen’s Bureau School

The Freedmen’s Bureau fell short • Promised “forty acres and a mule” to freed blacks, but could not deliver this. • Did not provide money to teach new professions to freed blacks. • Did not have enough funds to provide for all.

Sharecropping • Sharecropping - when landowners provided land, tools, & supplies while the sharecropper provided the labor. • At harvest time, the sharecropper paid the landowner with crops & what was left over was the sharecropper’s to sell for a profit. • Sharecroppers hoped to save enough money to own their own land. This rarely happened.

Landowner / Sharecropper Contract: • Partner Work – Complete the contract – One of you is the sharecropper; one of you is the landowner • Answer all four questions completely – the number in parentheses next to the question indicates how many responses you should have to that question. • You must TAG ALL questions. • You may answer questions on the back of the worksheet or on a separate sheet of notebook paper.

Tenancy & the Crop Lien System Furnishing Merchant § Loan tools and seed up to 60% interest to tenant farmer to plant spring crop. § Farmer also secures food, clothing, and other necessities on credit from merchant until the harvest. § Merchant holds “lien” {mortgage} on part of tenant’s future crops as repayment of debt. Tenant Farmer Landowner § Plants crop, harvests § Rents land to tenant in autumn. in exchange for ¼ to ½ of tenant farmer’s future crop. § Turns over up to ½ of crop to land owner as payment of rent. § Tenant gives remainder of crop to merchant in payment of debt.

ISN Pages 42 -43: 8 -5. 2 People Notes the effects of reconstruction on Daily life…

« Purpose of Black Codes and Segregation: * Laws that only Blacks had to obey * Guarantee stable labor supply now that blacks were emancipated * Restore social system of slave days * Keep former slaves in “their place”

Reading: • Jim Crow Laws and Segregation – • (10 Note minimum). Answer questions 1 and 2 at the bottom of the page. • Images on following slides.

Segregation & Jim Crow

Segregation & Jim Crow

Segregation & Jim Crow

Segregation & Jim Crow

Segregation & Jim Crow

Segregation & Jim Crow

Progress for African Americans • Republican party offered full participation • Land Commission gave land to a few • Fourteenth and fifteenth amendments granted citizenship and voting rights • Freedmen’s Bureau helped with immediate relief • Public schools were established

TERRORIST GROUPS: WHITE BACKLASH • The Ku Klux Klan was organized shortly after the war. • Created to intimidate blacks and keep them from voting. • Also targeted carpetbaggers and scalawags. • The Klan used intimidation, violence, and fear to preserve the power of Southern whites.

The “Invisible Empire of the South”

Why weren’t vigilante / terrorist groups stopped? – U. S. Government needed to save $$$ so in 1868, U. S. troops began withdrawing from South so the Ku Klux Klan and Red Shirts began to harass, intimidate and murder African Americans and White Republicans – President Grant sent more troops to SC and encouraged prosecution of KKK – Some Klansmen were brought to trial, but this had little effect – too much secrecy and lack of witnesses

Northern Support Wanes « President Grant has lots of scandal / corruption in his administration. « $$$ a concern: «Congress worried about a depression. «No $ for programs. «Westward expansion and Native American wars.

The Failure of Federal Enforcement « Focus shifts from South to U. S. Govt. « Southern Democrats begin to gain political power. « Republicans begin to lose power in mid 1870 s

• Democrats nominated former Confederate General Wade Hampton III to run for governor. • Republicans nominated Daniel Chamberlain to run for governor. • BOTH parties used terror tactics to get people to vote for them. • Terrorist groups kept Blacks from having full rights and voting Republican

Chamberlain & Hampton

• Democrats formed a terrorist group called RED SHIRTS • Democrat Hampton promised blacks equality to appeal to those that did manage to vote. (Total Lie!) – Reminder…No Real Media to Spread the News! • Both parties claimed a victory at the polls and started setting up their governments. • The SC General Assembly had to determine who won…

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1876 • Republican Rutherford B. Hayes won electoral votes but Democrat opponent won popular vote. – Compromise of 1877: Hayes named President if he promised to remove federal troops from South. • Federal troops left South in 1877. • Democrat Hampton = SC Governor. – Supporters called themselves Redeemers! • Reconstruction officially ended! Bye, Bye Republican Power in SC…

1876 Presidential Election

Hayes Prevails

Benefits from Republican Party Reconstruction Politics 1. Reconstruction Amendments 2. African Americans gain right to vote and hold political office 3. Established social services for blind and deaf 4. Health care a concern 5. Established public schools for ALL children

Writing Prompt: Describe two benefits of Republican Party Reconstruction Politics.

ITEMS TO KNOW FOR YOUR TEST TOMORROW ON RECONSTRUCTION • What did the South Carolina Constitution of 1868 include? • Freedman’s Bureau • Jim Crow and Black Codes • Black Sharecropping • Women’s role in southern society during reconstruction • Carpetbaggers & Scalawags • President Grant • Compromise of 1877 • South Carolina governor election of 1876 • The Purpose of Reconstruction • The 13 th 14 th and 15 th amendments • Race relations during Reconstruction • Lincoln’s ten percent plan • Johnson’s Plan • Congress’ Plan • Who was chosen to rewrite South Carolina’s Constitution?