ASA Format and Citation PRESENTED BY THE WRITING

ASA Format and Citation PRESENTED BY THE WRITING RESOURCE CENTER CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, BAKERSFIELD

Why ASA? �ASA stands for American Sociological Association �The style was developed to be used for publications in ASA journals �ASA is becoming more popular as Sociology departments are requesting students to write research papers using ASA style

Title Page Formatting Papers using ASA style must have a title page Header should not be visible on the title page In publications, word count is required on the title page Include title of the paper, author(s) name(s), and institution. Some instructors may also request the date and instructor name

Formatting: Abstract An abstract may not always be needed Comes after the title page Abstracts should be limited to one paragraph and a maximum of 200 words

Formatting: Key Words Follows the abstract, on the same page 3 -5 words Should identify themes in the paper

Formatting: Body �Body of text should come after the key words on a separate page �Body should include headings and subheadings �No subheading at the start of the body (for example, do not use a heading to say Introduction)

Overall Formatting 12 -point font, double spaced Headers required and should include title and page number 1 ¼ in. margins on all sides

Formatting: Subheadings FIRSTLEVEL HEADING • All caps • Justify left Subheadings are used to organize your paper Second-Level Head • Title case (capitalize all major words. ex: Social Stratification and its Effects on Higher Education) • Italicize • Justify left Third-level head • Capitalize only the first word • Italicize • Justify left

Tables and Figures When writing a research paper, tables and figures may be necessary to display information Tables should be numbered consecutively. Example: Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, and so on Figures should be numbered consecutively as well. Example: Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, etc.

Footnotes Generally, footnotes and endnotes are not used in ASA style However, if necessary, they can be used to add more information for a chart/table/figure or to cite material Number consecutively using superscript with Arabic numerals

In-Text Citations �Author’s name already included in text: Pierre Bourdieu (1963) examined… �Citing study by an author but author’s name not included in the text: The study revealed… (Gibbons 2012) �Page numbers are used for quotes or information found on a specific page: As reported by Rowan-Kenyon… (2008: 152) “One-third of college applicants are first-generation” (Rowan. Kenyon et al. 2010: 134).

In-Text Citations Continued… �Multiple Authors: Three authors, first in-text citation: (Rowan-Kenyon, Bell, and Perna 2010) Three authors, later in-text citation: (Rowan-Kenyon et al. 2010) More than three authors: (Holcomb et al. 2008) �Quotations: “Parenting practices during middle school are associated with educational aspirations in late high school” (Hill and Wang 2014: 225).

All references hould be placed n a separate page Double-spaced with hanging ndent Alphabetical order by first authors’ last name References Use first-level head format discussed earlier

References: Same Author � Arrange in chronological order: Bourdieu, Pierre. 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1991. Language and Symbolic Power. Cambridge: Polity Press. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1993. The Field of Cultural Production. Cambridge: Polity Press.

References: Same Author �When author is referenced for single-authored works and multiple-authored works, place single-author references first. �For example, if you are using a book by Pierre Bourdieu, and also use a book that he wrote with someone else, you would cite as follows: Bourdieu, Pierre. 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bourdieu, Pierre and Richard Nice. 1999. Acts of Resistance: Against the Tyranny of the Market. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

References: Books �One Author: Last name, First name. Year. Book Title in Title Caps and italicized. Publishing City: Publisher. �Two or More Authors: Last, First, and First Last. Year. Title of Book. Publishing City: Publisher. �Ex: Freud, Sigmund and Oskar Pfister. Psychoanalysis and Religion. 1963. New York: Oxford Press.

References: Edited Volume �Same as book references with the addition of “eds. ” to indicate editor(s) name(s) �Leonard, Kimberly Kempf, Carl E. Pope, and William H. Feyerherm, eds. 1995. Minorities in Juvenile Justice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. �Koshar, Rudy, ed. 1990. Splintered Classes. New York: Holmes and Meier.

References: Chapter in Edited Volume �Put chapter in quotes and add page numbers: Author Last Name, First Name. Year. “Chapter in Quotations. ” Pp 1 -100 in Name of book in Italics, edited by Editor Last Name, Editor First Name. Publishing City: Publisher.

References: Scholarly Journal Article �One author: Author’s Last Name, First Name. Year. “Article Title in Quotes. ” Journal Title Italicized Volume Number(Issue Number): page numbers of article. �Multiple Authors Palmer, Nathan and April Scheuths. 2013. “Online Teaching Communities within Sociology: A Counter Trend to the Marketization of Higher Education. ” Teaching in Higher Education Volume 18(7): 809 -820

References: Magazine or Newspaper Article �Known Author(s): Author Last Name, First Name. Year. “Article Title in Quotes. ” Magazine or Newspaper Name, Month Day, pp. 1 -100. �Unknown Author: Magazine or Newspaper Name. Year. Newspaper editorial. Month Day, p. A-1.

Online Materials (E-resources) �Not everything on the internet is considered a website nor should it be cited as such. �Books, journals, magazines, newspapers, websites, etc. found online will be cited differently than their print counterparts. �The following slides will show you how to cite these if you find them online.

References: E-Books �The same as a print book, except you will add retrieval date and URL. � One Author: Last name, First name. Year. Book Title in Title Caps and italicized. Publishing City: Publisher. Retrieved Month Date, Year (URL)

References: Newspapers and Magazines �Known Author(s): Author Last Name, First Name. Year. “Article Title in Quotes. ” Magazine or Newspaper Name, Month Day, Retrieve from Month Day, Year (URL). Sampson, Robert J. 2006. “Open Doors Don’t Invite Criminals. ” New York Times, March 11. Retrieved July 10, 2010 (http: //nytimes. com/2006/03/11/ opinion/11 sampson. html).

References: e-Journal Articles with DOI Author’s Last Name, First Name. Year. “Article Title in Quotes. ” Journal Title Italicized Volume Number(Issue Number): article page numbers. doi: 10. 1097? NNE. 0 b 013557 e 31225 d 988 DOI stand for digital object identifier and is a unique number used to track an article.

References: Website �Note: Use regular author format (if author is provided) or use full title of the corporate author. �American Sociological Association. 2006. “Status Committees. ” Washington, DC: American Sociological Association. Retrieved July 11, 2010 (http: //www. asanet. org/about/committees. cfm).

References: Government Documents U. S. Bureau of the Census. 2015. State and County Quickfacts: Kern County, CA. Washington, DC. Retrieved August 15, 2015 from (http: //uscensus. gov/quickfacts/kern/ca)

Unpublished Materials �Check with your instructor first before using unpublished materials. �Unpublished materials should be cited as follows: Author Last Name, First name. Year. “Title of Presentation. ” Location where article was presented or made available.

FOR FURTHER QUESTIONS �Please visit the Writing Resource Center (WRC) in Admin. East, Room 105. to meet with a tutor to go over any questions you have. �Our schedule is available on our website at www. csub. edu