Introduction to Human Anatomy Sanjaya Adikari Department of

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Introduction to Human Anatomy Sanjaya Adikari Department of Anatomy

Introduction to Human Anatomy Sanjaya Adikari Department of Anatomy

Why do you need to study anatomy? • A doctor should be able to

Why do you need to study anatomy? • A doctor should be able to localize symptoms and signs – Pains – Lumps/bumps – Withdrawing of blood & giving injections – Basic medical procedures

Why do you need to study anatomy? • Surgeons need to know what they

Why do you need to study anatomy? • Surgeons need to know what they cut – Where to cut – How to find the structures/organs – Relationship of stuctures/organs – Normal variations

Subsections in the study of Anatomy • Dissections/Macroscopic structure • Histology/Microscopic structure • Embryology

Subsections in the study of Anatomy • Dissections/Macroscopic structure • Histology/Microscopic structure • Embryology • Genetics

Dissection is done in regions – Head and neck (with Nervous control M) –

Dissection is done in regions – Head and neck (with Nervous control M) – Thorax (with Res. Gas exch. M, Blood & Circula M) – Abdomen (with Alimentation M) – Pelvis & Perineum – Limbs (with Excretion & Reproduc M) (with Locomotion M)

Anatomical Terms

Anatomical Terms

Anatomical Position

Anatomical Position

Anterior = Ventral Posterior = Dorsal Superior = Cephalic Inferior = Caudal Left and

Anterior = Ventral Posterior = Dorsal Superior = Cephalic Inferior = Caudal Left and Right Medial and Lateral

Anatomical planes Para saggital/ Para median

Anatomical planes Para saggital/ Para median

A B ‘A’ is lateral to ‘B’ is medial to ‘A’

A B ‘A’ is lateral to ‘B’ is medial to ‘A’

Superior/ cephalic Inferior/ caudal

Superior/ cephalic Inferior/ caudal

A B ‘A’ is proximal to ‘B’ is distal to ‘A’ A B

A B ‘A’ is proximal to ‘B’ is distal to ‘A’ A B

Pre-axial border Post-axial border

Pre-axial border Post-axial border

Abduction Adduction

Abduction Adduction

Flexion Extension Flexion Movement that carries the limb anteriorly and bends it Extension Movement

Flexion Extension Flexion Movement that carries the limb anteriorly and bends it Extension Movement that carries the limb posteriorly and straightens it

Flexion Extension

Flexion Extension

Circumduction Rotation

Circumduction Rotation

Superficial Closer to the skin/out side Deep Away from the skin/out side

Superficial Closer to the skin/out side Deep Away from the skin/out side

Books Recommended • Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy • Mc. Minn’s colour atlas of Human

Books Recommended • Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy • Mc. Minn’s colour atlas of Human Anatomy • Grant’s Dissector • Wheater’s Functional Histology by B Young and J. W. Heath or Textbook of Human Histology with Colour Atlas and Practical Guide by Inderbir Singh

Books Recommended • LAST’S ANATOMY REGIONAL AND APPLIED • Gray’s Anatomy for students •

Books Recommended • LAST’S ANATOMY REGIONAL AND APPLIED • Gray’s Anatomy for students • Textbook of Anatomy by Inderbir Singh • Clinically oriented Anatomy, By Keith L. Moore • Human Embryology by Prof. Malkanthi S. Chandrasekera

List of things to be brought by you on the day of introduction to

List of things to be brought by you on the day of introduction to dissections Scalpel blade and handle – 4 sets per group Non toothed-forceps with a broad tip – 4 per group Toothed-forceps with a broad tip – 4 per group Pare of scissors (curved) - 2 per group Cotton wool - 400 g packet Gauze bandage - 06 per group Two pairs of socks One sponge (about 2 x 3 x 5 inches) to apply body fluid • A grey clothe 60 inches wide and 2 ½ meters long • • • Grant’s Dissector and a Lab coat

Instruments Scalpel blade (No 22) Scalpel handle (No. 4)

Instruments Scalpel blade (No 22) Scalpel handle (No. 4)

Instruments

Instruments

Instruments Gold-handled, curved fine-tipped Scissors 5 -6 inch Forceps

Instruments Gold-handled, curved fine-tipped Scissors 5 -6 inch Forceps

Approach to the human bodies Scissors Forceps

Approach to the human bodies Scissors Forceps

Approach to the human bodies Scissors Forceps

Approach to the human bodies Scissors Forceps

Approach to the human bodies Scissors Forceps

Approach to the human bodies Scissors Forceps

Approach to the human bodies Scissors Forceps

Approach to the human bodies Scissors Forceps

Communication with staff • Talk during practical classes • Meet us personally in the

Communication with staff • Talk during practical classes • Meet us personally in the office • ‘Comments box’ next to the Anatomy notice board (of the ground floor) • Email: Our: headanatomy@pdn. ac. lk adikarisb@yahoo. com Your: m 1001@med. pdn. ac. lk Batch Stu. No.

Exams • Semester Exams – 4 • SAQ (40%), MCQ (30%), OSPE (30%) •

Exams • Semester Exams – 4 • SAQ (40%), MCQ (30%), OSPE (30%) • Each OSPE item will have equal weightage • No separate merit exam • Marks from the 4 semester exams will decide ‘Distinctions in Anatomy’