Heavy Ion Collisions at LHC in a Multiphase

Heavy Ion Collisions at LHC in a Multiphase Transport Model L. W. Chen 1, B. A. Li 2, Z. W. Lin 3, B. W. Zhang 4, B. Zhang 5, C. M Ko 6 q A multi-phase transport (AMPT) model q Rapidity and transverse momentum distributions q Anisotropic flows: elliptic & hexadecupole q Two-pion and two–kaon interferometries q Thermal charm production q Jet flavor conversions 1 Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ. , 2 Texas A&M Univ. -Commerce 3 East Carolina Univ. , 4 Huazhong Normal Univ. 5 Askasas State University, 6 Texas A&M University Work supported by NSF and Welch Foundation 1

A multiphase transport (AMPT) model Default: Lin, Pal, Zhang, Li & Ko, PRC 61, 067901 (00); 64, 041901 (01); 72, 064901 (05); http: //www-cunuke. phys. columbia. edu/OSCAR § Initial conditions: HIJING (soft strings and hard minijets) § Parton evolution: ZPC § Hadronization: Lund string model for default AMPT § Hadronic scattering: ART String melting: PRC 65, 034904 (02); PRL 89, 152301 (02) § Convert hadrons from string fragmentation into quarks and antiquarks § Evolve quarks and antiquarks in ZPC § When partons stop interacting, combine nearest quark and antiquark to meson, and nearest three quarks to baryon (coordinate-space coalescence) § Hadron flavors are determined by quarks’ invariant mass 2

Rapidity distributions Pb+Pb @ 5. 5 Te. V b< 3 mb σparton=10 mb Particle multiplicity at LHC increases by a factor of ~ 4 from that at RHIC 3

Identified hadron rapidity distributions at LHC At midrapidity, Nπ ≈ 5 NK ≈ 14 Np 4

Transverse momentum distributions 0 < b < 3 fm Particle transverse momentum spectra are stiffer at LHC than at RHIC → larger transverse flow 5

Quark elliptic flows Au+Au @ 200 Ge. V Quark elliptic flows are larger at LHC than at RHIC, reaching ~ 20% 6

Pion and Proton Elliptic flow at LHC Elliptic flow is larger for pions but smaller for protons at LHC than at RHIC 7

Heavy meson elliptic flows at LHC Quark coalescence model 8

Light Quark and pion hexadecupole flows at LHC naïve coalescence model AMPT model ~1. 2 at RHIC 9

Strange Quark and phi hexadecupole flows at LHC Coalescence model AMPT model ~1. 2 at RHIC 10

Deuteron elliptic flow at LHC Pb+Pb @ 5. 5 Te. V, b=8 fm Y. Oh & CMK § Filled circles: proton v 2 from AMPT § Dotted line: fitted proton v 2 § Dashed line: deuteron v 2 from coalescence model including deuteron wave function effect § Solid lines: deuteron v 2 from a dynamic model based on reactions NN→dπ and NNN→d. N Coalescence model is a very good approximation for weakly bound particles 11

Pion interferometry Two-pion correlation functions smaller at LHC than at RHIC 12

Kaon interferometry Two-kaon correlation functions smaller at LHC than at RHIC 13

Radii from Gaussian fit to correlation functions Source radii for pions are larger than for kaons and both are larger at LHC than at RHIC 14

Emission source functions Shift in out direction - Strong correlation between out position and emission time - Large halo due to resonance (ω) decay and explosion → non-Gaussian source 15

Thermal charm production in QGP B. W. Zhang & CMK mc=1. 3 Ge. V • Large thermal charm production • Next-leading order and leading order contributions are comparable • Insensitive to gluon masses • Effect reduced by about 2 for initial temperature T 0=600 Me. V or for mc=1. 5 Ge. V 16

Jet conversions in QGP W. Liu, B. W. Zhang & CMK § Quark jet conversion Elastic process: qg→gq Gluon is taken to have a larger momentum in the final state Inelastic process: § Gluon jet conversion: similar to above via inverse reactions 17

Proton to π+ ratio at high transverse momenta p/π ratio similar to that in p+p collisions at RHIC when quark and gluon conversion widths are multiplied by KC~4 -6. It is lower than p+p at LHC. 18

Summary Compared to RHIC, heavy ion collisions at LHC have: § ~ factor of 4 larger charged particle multiplicity § larger transverse flow § larger elliptic flow for pion and smaller one for protons § large heavy quark and meson elliptic flows § smaller v 4/v 22 ratios for both quarks and hadons § smaller two-pion and two-kaon correlation functions and larger source radii § enhanced thermal charm production § smaller p/pi ratio at high p. T than in p+p 19