GOES14 Imager and Sounder a preliminary look Timothy

GOES-14 Imager and Sounder a preliminary look Timothy J. Schmit NOAA/NESDIS/Satellite Applications and Research Advanced Satellite Products Branch (ASPB) Mathew M. Gunshor, Tony Schreiner, Scott Bachmeier, Joleen Feltz, Steve Wanzong, SSEC Data Center, etc. CIMSS/SSEC, Madison, WI Don Hillger and Tim Schmit co-lead the NOAA Science Test 1

Outline • Introduction • First imager and sounder images – Issues – Comparisons • Improved imager band 6 (13. 3 um) spatial resolution • Preliminary inter-calibration results • Improved INR and Operation thru eclipse • Initial products (imager and sounder) 2 • Web links

GOES-14 GOES-13/14/P have similar instruments to GOES-812, but on a different spacecraft bus. Spring and fall eclipse outages will be avoided by larger onboard batteries. GOES-8/12 Improved navigation Improved radiometrics GOES-13/14/P 3

GOES-14 von Karman vorticies • GOES-O Science Test web page: http: //rammb. cira. colostate. edu/projects/goes-o/ 4

sediment plume actinoform clouds vortex in the marine layer clouds , snow 5 Amazon suppressing the formation of cumulus

Noted several issue with initial GOES-14 data • Important diagnostic work was undertaken. After an issue was raised dealing with the data stream of imager band 6, the suggested fix was implemented at the ground station. Many groups, both within NOAA/NESDIS, the Cooperative Institutes, NASA and others, quickly worked together to fix this issue. GOES-14 Imager Erroneous line headers of the GOES-14 Imager bands 3 and 6 (the 6. 5 and 13. 3 um) in the first official full disk images. The first two official full disk images were ‘too wide’ and hence displayed ‘extra’ header information within the frame of data. 6 Sponsor: OSD G-PSDI Program

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Noted several issue with initial GOES-14 data GOES-12 Imager • Important diagnostic work was under-taken. After an issue was raised dealing with the data stream of imager band 6 (13. 3 um) , the suggested fix was implemented at the ground station. Many groups, both within NOAA/NESDIS, the Cooperative Institutes, NASA and others, quickly worked together to fix this issue. GOES-14 Imager (before fix) Note the artificial ‘stair-step’ of cloud edges due to the detectors initially being out of order in GVAR. Erroneous detector flip of the GOES-14 Imager band 6 (the 13. 3 um) in the first IR images. Another issue was the ‘flipped’ order of the band 6 of the GOES-14 imager in the GVAR datastream. This was communicated, corrected and verified. 8 Sponsor: OSD G-PSDI Program

First GOES-14 Imager and Sounder images • • • On August 17 th and 18 th, the first official Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-14 infrared (IR) images were scanned. Qualitatively, the data from the Imager and Sounder are high quality, with improved signal-tonoise ratios compared to other operating GOES satellites. The NOAA Science test will begin in December of 2009. First GOES-14 Imager data on August 17, 2009 First GOES-14 Sounder data on August 18, 2009 The first GOES-14 Imager and Sounder images look to be of high quality, this is the first step for the subsequent NOAA science test check-out. (Courtesy of T. Schmit) 9 Sponsor: OSD G-PSDI Program

First GOES-14 Images (sub-sampled) Note the ‘brighter’ GOES-14 visible image 10 From NOAA ASPB

GOES-12 (for comparison) Note the sub-satellite points are different 11 From NOAA ASPB

GOES-14 Sounder! 12 Note clean signal, especially bands 1, 2, 12 and 15.

GOES-12 Sounder 13 Data has been remapped to a common projection.

River Fog GOES-14 GOES-12 The fog is a bit brighter and a little more extensive in the GOES-14 image. GOES-14 is able to discern urban centers more readily than GOES-12. 14

Imager SRF 15

Improved spatial resolution of GOES-14 Imager band 6 GOES-12 • • The improved spatial resolution of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES)-14 imager band 6 has been verified. This band, centered at 13. 3 um, has a number of uses, the main being cloud height determination. Important diagnostic work was under-taken. After an issue was raised dealing with the data stream of imager band 6, the suggested fix was implemented at the ground station. Many groups, both within NOAA/NESDIS, the Cooperative Institutes, NASA and others, quickly worked together to fix this issue. GOES-14 The 13. 3 um band 6 of the GOES-12 (left panel) has an 8 km IGFOV (Instantaneous Geometric Field of View); while the same band on the GOES-14 (right panel) has a 4 km IGFOV. Note the finer resolution of the cloud edges and the ‘cleaner’ image. The improved spatial resolution of the GOES-14 imager band 6 (over GOES-12/13 imagers) has been verified with initial on-orbit data. (Courtesy of T. Schmit) 16 Sponsor: OSD G-PSDI Program

Methodology: GEO – IASI Intercal Collocation in time and space. Within 30 minutes at geostationary subpoint (GSNO – Geostationary Simultaneous Nadir Observation) Low Satellite View Angles (< 14) Spatial smoothing 100 km “running average” mitigates the negative effects of poor spatial and temporal collocation, poor navigation, and spatial resolution differences. Average radiances, not temperatures. Compare a common area around the GEO sub-point, not “pixel to pixel” comparisons “Convolve” high spectral resolution Radiance spectra with GEO Spectral Response Function. Compare mean scene brightness temperatures (converted from mean scene radiances). Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies University of Wisconsin - Madison 17

Preliminary intercalibration results with GOES-14 Imager using IASI • Mean temperature differences with IASI (for 12 cases) are: • -0. 4 K for the Shortwave Window band (5 night cases) • +0. 8 K for the Water Vapor band • +0. 1 K for the IR Window band • -0. 6 K for the CO 2 Absorption band – The CO 2 band SRF may be updated before the science test takes place. – Some of these results may include cases where navigation was not optimal. 18

Improved INR 19

Operation through Eclipse 20

GOES Series Sounder Noise 14. 70 1 1. 760 1. 160 0. 710 0. 670 0. 750 0. 320 0. 330 SPEC (I-M) 0. 660 14. 40 2 1. 210 0. 800 0. 510 0. 640 0. 260 0. 280 0. 580 14. 10 3 0. 980 0. 560 0. 410 0. 370 0. 450 0. 240 0. 220 0. 540 13. 90 4 0. 740 0. 460 0. 410 0. 360 0. 390 0. 170 0. 450 13. 40 5 0. 680 0. 450 0. 360 0. 340 0. 350 0. 190 0. 160 0. 440 12. 70 6 0. 320 0. 190 0. 160 0. 170 0. 140 0. 110 0. 098 0. 250 12. 00 7 0. 200 0. 130 0. 090 0. 110 0. 100 0. 080 0. 160 11. 00 8 0. 130 0. 090 0. 120 0. 140 0. 120 0. 110 0. 160 9. 70 9 0. 160 0. 110 0. 100 0. 130 0. 140 0. 120 0. 090 0. 330 7. 40 10 0. 080 0. 070 0. 090 0. 100 0. 090 0. 040 0. 160 7. 00 11 0. 070 0. 050 0. 040 0. 060 0. 050 0. 030 0. 120 6. 50 12 0. 110 0. 090 0. 070 0. 110 0. 070 0. 030 0. 150 4. 57 13 0. 012 0. 008 0. 007 0. 006 0. 007 0. 003 0. 013 4. 52 14 0. 010 0. 007 0. 005 0. 007 0. 006 0. 007 0. 003 0. 013 4. 45 15 0. 009 0. 006 0. 005 0. 006 0. 003 0. 013 4. 13 16 0. 004 0. 003 0. 002 0. 008 3. 98 17 0. 004 0. 003 0. 002 0. 008 3. 70 18 0. 002 0. 001 0. 004 Wavelength Channel GOES-08 GOES-09 GOES-10 GOES-11 GOES-12 GOES-13 GOES-14 – the best Sounder yet wrt noise performance! Preliminary Units: m. W/(m 2 ster cm-1) 21

Visible GOES-12; SNR of 13: 1 GOES-14; SNR of 33: 1 22

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GOES-14 Imager AMV (low-level) 35

GOES-14 Imager AMV (mid and upper-level) 36

GOES-14 Imager and Sounder http: //rammb. cira. colostate. edu/projects/goes-o/ http: //www. star. nesdis. noaa. gov/star/GOES-14 First. Image. php http: //www. ssec. wisc. edu/media/spotlight/goes 14/ir. html http: //cimss. ssec. wisc. edu/goes/blog/archives/3054 http: //www. ssec. wisc. edu/data/geo/index. php? satellite=goes 14&file=jpg http: //cimss. ssec. wisc. edu/goes/rt/sounder-dpi. php 37