FP5 T44 Emergency Procedures 51415 Ground Emergencies Ground

FP-5 T-44 Emergency Procedures 5/14/15

Ground Emergencies

Ground Emergencies • Abnormal Start • Emergency Engine Shutdown on Deck • Loss of Brakes • Hot Brakes • Brake Fire • Jammed Controls on Deck

Abnormal Start

Abnormal Start • Execute Memory Items: • Condition lever – FUEL CUTOFF (note ITT decrease to below 790). • Starter – OFF. • Know your starter limitations • If another start is attempted, allow 60 seconds delay to drain fuel and cool starter, then motor for 15 seconds minimum.

Emergency Engine Shutdown on Deck • Confirm, if possible, the fire actually exists by checking instruments and nacelles. • Execute Memory Items: • Condition levers – FUEL CUTOFF. • Firewall valves – CLOSED. • Boost pumps – OFF. • Fire extinguisher – As Required. • AUX BATT Switch – OFF. • Gang Bar – OFF. • Evacuate aircraft.

Loss of Brakes/ Hot Brakes • • • Have other pilot check his/her pedals Maintain directional control Utilize prop reverse or beta to stop Do not taxi; maneuver into open area Check shuttle valve by pulling the top of the brake pedal. • Call for assistance for tow • • Usually the result of excessive braking Use reverse and minimum braking to stop Allow the brakes to cool using prop wash Locking the wheels may occur resulting in blown tires • Call for assistance for tow

Brake Fire • Execute Memory Items: • • • Stop aircraft. Firefighting assistance – Request. Emergency Shutdown on Deck Checklist – Execute. • Preferable to stay behind the aircraft. If the wheels explode because of rapid cooling, fragments will fly sideways from the wheel. • Do not attempt to fight the fire!

Jammed Controls on Deck • • • Check yaw damp/auto pilot OFF Maintain controls in the jammed condition Call for immediate inspection

Takeoff Emergencies

Takeoff Emergencies • Aborting Takeoff • Engine Failure During Takeoff • Engine Failure After Takeoff • Tire Failure • Abnormal Takeoffs

Aborting Takeoff • The decision to abort or continue is dependent on the length of remaining runway, airspeed, gross weight, and density altitude. • Use extreme caution if takeoff surface is not hard and dry (reverse considerations). • Mechanical stops are incorporated in the throttle quadrant; downward pressure must be applied to allow for reversing power.

Aborting Takeoff • Execute Memory Items: • • • • Announce “Abort. ” Power levers – IDLE Reverse – As Required Brakes – As Required (Prior to departing the prepared surface): Condition levers – FUEL CUTOFF (As soon as practicable): Firewall Valves – CLOSED Boost pumps – OFF Fire extinguisher(s) – As Required AUX BATT switch – OFF Gang Bar – OFF Evacuate aircraft.

Engine Failure During Takeoff Abort!

Engine Failure After Takeoff

Engine Failure After Takeoff • Execute Memory Items: • • Power – As Required Gear – UP Airspeed – As Required (Vxse or Vyse) Emergency Shutdown Checklist – Execute. • Warning: Do NOT retard the power lever until the feathering sequence is completed. • Warning: No climb can be obtained with an inoperative engine windmilling. Always ensure the failed engine prop feathers!

Tire Failure • If occurs during takeoff, ABORT. • Control the aircraft using rudder, nosewheel steering and brakes, as necessary.

Abnormal Takeoffs • You won’t do these. • Reference NATOPS for: • Obstruction Clearance Takeoff • Soft-Field Takeoff • Short-Field Takeoff

Inflight Emergencies

In-Flight Emergencies (Part I) • Engine Failure • Emergency Shutdown Checklist • Jammed Power Lever • Airstarts • Single-Engine Crossfeed

Engine Failure • Relax! No unusual handling characteristics. • Sufficient rudder trim to maintain level flight above 100 • knots (below requires manual augment) • Warning: Waving-off with full flaps will result in a loss of 200’ before climb is established. • Execute Memory Items if experienced after takeoff. • DO NOT relight with a MOVEOFF item: • • Mechanical Malfunction Overheat Vibration Explosion • • • 0% N 1 RPM Fire Fuel Fumes

Emergency Shutdown Checklist • Execute Memory Items: • Power lever – IDLE • Prop lever – FEATHER • Condition lever – FUEL CUTOFF. • FTI: “Is it a FIRE or a FUEL LEAK? ” • Firewall Valve – CLOSED • Fire extinguisher – As Required • Bleed air – CLOSED

Engine Shutdown Checklist • Continue with steps 7 -8, conditions permitting. • Don’t interrupt the checklist to conduct the Landing Checklist • Fly the airplane first. Always remember: AVIATE, NAVIGATE, COMMUNICATE

Jammed Power Lever • If no abnormal conditions are detected, consideration can be given to keeping the engine running. Prior to landing… • Execute Memory Items: • • Condition lever (affected engine) – FUEL CUTOFF Emergency Shutdown Checklist – Execute (PF)

Airstarts • Either generator-assisted or battery-only (windmilling). • You will see each one in the C 4300 block. • Always determine the cause of failure first!

Airstarts • Generator-assisted: Reference NATOPS. • This is the normal procedure for relight.

Airstarts • Windmilling: for inadvertent shutdown. • Execute Memory Items: • • Power lever (failed engine) – IDLE Prop lever (failed engine) – Full Forward Condition lever (failed engine) – FUEL CUTOFF Firewall valve – OPEN Autoignition – ARMED Condition lever – LOW IDLE Power – As Required Complete steps 8 -10.

Single-Engine Crossfeed • Reference NATOPS • OPEN the crossfeed valve • Turn OFF the boost pump for the non-feeding tank • Wing SOP: Fuel balancing is not authorized • Only use for emergency purposes.

In-Flight Emergencies (Part II) • In-Flight Fire • Smoke/Fire of Unknown Origin • Smoke & Fume Elimination • Oil System Failure • Fuel Leaks • Fuel Siphoning • Electrical System Failure • Propeller Failure • Pilot Emergency Static Air Source

In-Flight Fire • CONFIRM the fire exists. • Sunlight may cause illumination of the warning light. • If secondaries exist, shutdown. • If no secondaries exist, consideration should be given to shutdown.

In-Flight Fire, confirmed.

Smoke/Fire of Unknown Origin • This checklist may be exited once the source is found. • Pausing between last 5 steps may isolate electrical fire. • With the Gang Bar OFF, you will still have AUX battery items available (CRANE) • Maintain VMC if possible! • Land/ditch immediately if fire uncontrollable. • Execute Memory Items: • • Crew – Alerted. Cabin temp mode – OFF Vent blower – AUTO Oxygen masks/MIC switches – As Required

Smoke & Fume Elimination • Execute Memory Items: • Oxygen masks/MIC switches – As Required • Pressurization – DUMP • Closing bleed air valves will reduce fumes • Magnetic compass fluid is highly toxic! Execute memory items.

Oil System Failure • Pressure below 85 psi is undesirable • Tolerate for completion of flight • Reduce power, land as soon as practicable • Pressure below 40 psi, temp above 99 is unsafe, execute a shutdown. • CHIP light – check for secondaries! • Either case, land as soon as possible • If none are detected, engine may be used with discretion for situations requiring power.

Fuel System Failure • Engine driven fuel pump failure leads to flameout • Boost pump failure requires crossfeed or suction lifting • Reference NATOPS! Your range may be affected.

Fuel Leaks • Execute Memory Items: • Condition lever – FUEL CUTOFF • Emergency Shutdown Checklist – Execute • An apparent fuel leak might be fuel siphoning if it originates from the fuel cap.

Fuel Leaks • FUEL SIPHONING: Extreme nose low attitudes will aggravate the fuel siphoning condition (airspeed 140 knots max). • FUEL LEAK: Secure engine with memory items.

Electrical System Failure • Execute Memory Items: • • Generator – OFF, reset momentarily, then ON. (If generator will not reset): Generator – OFF Current Limiter (Battery Anmeter) – Checked • Maintain VMC whenever possible. • Know your wet compass characteristics and “Big 5” for total electrical failure (in FTI). You will see this in syllabus.

Propeller Failure

Propeller Failure • Three levels of “governing”: Primary, overspeed, and the fuel-topping governors. • Practice the FTI CRM brief. • Don’t shut down engine/prop that feathers properly unless secondary indications are noted. • Note: Landing with an overspeeding prop is strongly discouraged. The ultimate goal is to feather the prop.

Propeller Failure • Execute Memory Items: • • • Attempt to adjust prop RPM; if normal limits exist, continue operation. If not, complete the following: Power lever – IDLE Prop lever – FEATHER Alternate Prop Feathering Checklist – As Required. Prop Linkage Failure results in 2200 RPM or the last RPM setting. Manipulate the other prop to match them, and land (reversing, as required).

Pilot Emergency Static Air Source • Reference NATOPS Chapter 25 for gauge error • Airspeed and Altitude will be approximately +5 KIAS/+50 feet in error on pilot’s side at approach speeds/altitudes (you will actually be lower and slower).

In-Flight Emergencies (Part III) • Electrothermal Propeller Deice • Surface Deice • Loss of Pressurization • Explosive Decompression • Emergency Descent Procedure • Cabin Door Open Light Illuminated • Flight Guidance Failure • In-flight Damage / Spin/OCF Recovery • Terrain Warning

Electrothermal Propeller Deice • Normal range is 14 -18 amps. • 0 or 23 amps is unusable • Imbalance requires manipulating the prop levers to aid in ice removal.

Surface Deice • Stall speeds will significantly increase with the wing deice boots inflated. • If boots fail to deflate, pull the SUR DE-ICE circuit breaker.

Loss of Pressurization • Reference NATOPS. • Approximately 75% N 1 is required to maintain pressurization during descent. • Utilizing the TEST position may restore pressurization; pull the PRESS CONTROL CB to remove electrical power and maintain pressure (CAUTION – reset prior to landing!).

Explosive Decompression • Execute Memory Items: – Oxygen masks/MIC switches – As Required – Descend – As Required • Do not confuse fog with smoke. • Descend below 10, 000’ to remove mask or below 18, 000’ with masks on (3710 cabin altitude limits).

Emergency Descent Procedure - Execute Memory Items: - Power levers – IDLE Props – FULL FORWARD Flaps – As Required Landing gear – As Required Airspeed – As Required Windshield heat – As Required - Don’t exceed airframe limitations - For training, stick with just props full forward.

Cabin Door Open Light Illuminated • • Don’t attempt to check the door Ensure that all occupants are seated and belted Depressurize the cabin Land

Autopilot Disengagement • Automatic: – – – Any interruption/failure of power Failure condition of FGC Flight control failure A/P trim failure Stall condition Extreme attitude • In any of these cases, the horn will continue until the disc. button on the yoke is pressed. • Manual: – – – Pushing the AP/YD button (FGP) Go-Around button (LH throttle) AP/YD disc. button (yoke) Manual trim switch (yoke) DISC bar is positioned down Avionics Master OFF

Inflight Damage • Damage includes midair collision, bird strike or overstress • Check contols for freedom of movement • Conduct a controllability check: – Above 5, 000’ – Configure and slow in 10 knot increments • Land as soon as possible with minimum movement (straight-in approach)

Spin/OCF Recovery • Execute Memory Items: – – – Power levers – IDLE Rudder – Full deflection opposite direction turn needle Control Wheel – Rapidly Forward Rudder – Neutralize after rotation stops Control Wheel – Pull out of dive with smooth, steady back pressure. • You will brief this before every event. Practice!

Terrain Warning • Execute Memory Items: – – – Wings – Level Power – Maximum Allowable Pitch – As required for Vx Flaps – Approach (unless already UP) Gear – UP Flaps – UP Props – 1, 900 RPM – Continue climb at Vx until all warnings cease. • Notify ATC. You are authorized to deviate!

Landing Emergencies

Landing Emergencies • Single Engine Landing • Single-Engine Waveoff/Missed Approach • Flap System Failure • Landing Gear Emergencies • Abnormal Landings • Forced Landing - No Power • Ditching • Wind Shear

Single Engine Landing • Full flaps should be utilized only if required (no possibility of a waveoff) • Utilize single engine reverse, as required • Feathered prop can lead to floating • Airspeed: 110 KIAS is a MINIMUM until over the threshold per the FTI.

Single-Engine Waveoff/Missed Approach • Execute Memory Items: • • • Power – Max Allowable, establish positive rate of climb Flaps – Approach (unless already UP) Gear – UP Flaps – UP Prop – 1, 900 RPM • Technique: Climb at 102 KIAS until clean, then climb at 110 KIAS. You will accelerate to 120 KIAS in the pattern very easily. • Maintain 500’ upwind in the pattern.

Flap System Failure • Know your FTI flap malfunction brief! • No provisions exist for emergency flap operation • Wing flap motor circuit breaker should be pulled • Restore to last position & verify before landing.

Landing Gear Emergencies Actual gear-up landing (DEC 2013)

Landing Gear Emergencies • Don’t cycle the gear handle until after referencing NATOPS due to complexity of malfunction • Once you have three down & locked, obtain a visual inspection and land! • If not, run the Landing Gear Unsafe Down Indications checklist.

Abnormal Landings • Main / Nosewheel tire flat • Consult NATOPS when applicable for: • Soft field • Short field

Wind Shear • Execute Memory Items: – Power – Maximum Allowable – Attitude – Set and Hold Approximately 15 degrees noseup – Gear – UP Flaps – Maintain Current Setting • You will brief this before every event. Practice!

Forced Landing - No Power • • Circular pattern (similar to ELP) Flaps – FULL, as required If unsure of landing surface, land gear up Tendency to overshoot because of less drag • Reference NATOPS fig. 16 -5.

Ditching • You will fly these extensively in contacts! • Order of Priorities: • Wings-level • Rate of descent • Airspeed • Power settings are critical • (800 ft-lbs SSE, 400 ft-lbs dual engine) • Ditch parallel to the swells • Always gear up.

Emergency Procedures Review