DAY 1 Photosynthesis Song Photosynthesis Notes The Sun

DAY 1

Photosynthesis Song

Photosynthesis Notes • The Sun - Ultimate source of all energy on Earth! • Autotrophs – plants, algae & some bacteria that are able to use light energy from the sun to produce nutrients • Heterotrophs – cannot produce their own food, obtain energy from the foods they consume (eat) (ex. Animals, fungi, most bacteria)

Autotrophs: Heterotrophs:

Photosynthesis is the process by which… the energy of sunlight fuels the conversion of water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates (sugars and starches). (a. k. a. “autotrophic nutrition”) • Chloroplasts – site of photosynthesis within the cell • Chlorophyll – a green pigment found in the chloroplast, absorbs light energy

Photosynthesis Equation 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O light C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 E carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen Opposite of Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + ATP!! E

Uses for Glucose Produced • Energy source for cellular respiration • Can be converted into more complex starches (like cellulose) by plants

Uses for Oxygen being Produced • required by most living things for aerobic cellular respiration! • Plants can transfer some of the oxygen produced to their own mitochondria!

Photosynthesis Respiration Main Job: BOTH Who does it? : Reactants (what it needs): Products (what it makes): Where?

DAY 2

Practice Questions Which process is directly used by autotrophs to store energy in glucose? (1) diffusion (2) respiration (3) photosynthesis (4) active transport

Practice Questions What does the process of photosynthesis produce? 1) starch, which is metabolized into less complex molecules by dehydration synthesis 2) protein, which is metabolized into less complex molecules by dehydration synthesis 3) glycerol, which is metabolized into more complex carbohydrates by dehydration synthesis 4) glucose, which is metabolized into more complex carbohydrates by dehydration synthesis

Practice Questions • Which process provides most of the oxygen found in Earth's atmosphere? 1) photosynthesis 2) aerobic respiration 3) dehydration synthesis 4) fermentation

What factors can affect the Rate of Photosynthesis? ? • Amount of light (more light, more photos. ) • Availability of water • Temperature (enzymes that work best between 0 – 35 degrees C) • p. H of soil/water (can affect enzymes)

2 Major Sets of Photosynthetic Reactions • Light Dependent Reactions – Take place in the grana – Requires light – Photolysis takes place, splitting water molecules, producing hydrogen atoms & oxygen gas – ATP is also produced • Light Independent /Dark Reactions (Carbon-Fixation) – Occur in the stroma – Does not require light – Also known as the Calvin cycle

Photosynthesis (Light Reactions) - You. Tube Use light energy to produce ATP and NADPH (electron carrier) Thylakoid membranes (grana) of chloroplasts Only in light Light, water ADP, P, NADP Oxygen, ATP, NADPH To make sugar (PGAL) Stroma of chloroplasts Only in light though its NOT required ATP, NADPH, Carbon Dioxide Sugar (PGAL) GLUCOSE

DAY 3

Design a Leaf!! • What would be the best structure for a leaf to carry out its major function…PHOTOSYNTHESIS!!!? ? ? • Place the following in order from the top of the leaf to the bottom. – Spongy layer allowing gases to flow to the choloroplasts – Thick, waxy layer – Layer of cells with the MOST chloroplasts – Layer of cells that includes holes for gases to enter or “leave” the leaf – Layer with veins to carry glucose and water to and

Upper epidermis Cuticle Palisades Mesophyll Spongy Mesophyll Lower Epidermis Vein (xylem & phloem Chloroplasts Xylem (water) Phloem (glucose) Guard Cells Stomate (Stoma)

2. Cuticle Waxy, protective layer, transparent covering 3. Palisades Mesophyll: Tightly packed cells, MOST photosynthesis occurs here 4. Chloroplast: Sites of photosynthesis (use the pigment chlorophyll) 5. Xylem: Carries water up 6. Phloem: Carries glucose down 7. Guard Cell: Control (REGULATE) the opening and closing of stoma 8. Stomate: Opening - underside of leaves, allows CO 2 in & O 2/H 2 O out!! 9. Vein: TRANSPORTS water and glucose through plant 10. Lower epidermis: Contains guard cells and stoma 11. Spongy Mesophyll: Allow gases to circulate!! (Oxygen and carbon dioxide)

DAY 4

Bellwork • Transport, Nutrition, Regulation and Respiration are 4 of the life functions carried out by all living things! How does the leaf carry these out? ? • In Greek, “stomata” means “mouth”…why do you think the holes in the bottom of the leaf are called stomates? ?

Extra Credit Write on the back of packet… 8 -10 line poem on one of these topics (or a combination of 2) Respiration: Photosynthesis: The Leaf: Include these terms – Oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, lactic acid breathing, animals, plants, energy Leaf, autotrophs, chloroplast, carbon dioxide, oxygen, glucose, water, sunlight Stomate, open, chloroplast, exchange, palisades, waxy cuticle, sunlight