CS 320 Interaction Design 1 INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS

CS 320 Interaction Design 1 INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS TEXTBOOK: S. HEIM, THE RESONANT INTERFACE: HCI FOUNDATIONS FOR INTERACTION DESIGN [CHAPTER 3] ADDISON-WESLEY, 2007 FEBRUARY 28, 2011

Outline 2 INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESSES 2 ON MIDTERM 1 (MARCH 21, 2011) 3 MORE ON PROJECT PART 1 (CONCEPT) 1 CS 320 February 28, 2011

1 Interaction Design Process 3 v. ITERATIVE DESIGN v. USER-CENTERED DESIGN v. INTERACTION DESIGN MODELS: v. Basic Software Engineering Model (Waterfall SE) v. Basic Human-Computer Interaction Model (HCI) v. Discount Usability Engineering (DUE) v. FRAMEWORK: DISCOVERY, DESIGN AND EVALUATION (DDE) CS 320 February 28, 2011

Interaction Design Process: Iterative Design 4 Interaction design is an iterative process The knowledge path is constantly moving forward CS 320 February 28, 2011

Interaction Design Process: User Centered Design 5 User Centered Design (UCD) was pioneered by Donald Norman’s research laboratory at the University of California at San Diego The objective of UCD is to develop a design framework that enables interaction designers to build more usable systems CS 320 February 28, 2011

Interaction Design Process: User Centered Design 6 Design should emerge from the user’s goals tasks environment Focuses on human-centric issues cognition perception physical attributes and conditions CS 320 February 28, 2011

Interaction Design Process: User Centered Design 7 Who are the users? (not as obvious as we might think): Those who interact directly with the product Those who manage direct users Those who provide input or receive output from the product Those who make the purchasing decision Those who use competitors’ products Four types of stakeholders: CS 320 Primary: use the design directly Secondary: either supply input or receive output from the design Facilitators: develop or maintain the design Indirect: affected by the use of design, but have no direct contact with it February 28, 2011

Interaction Design Process: User Centered Design 8 The main tenants of user-centered design: Early focus on users and tasks: directly study cognitive, behavioral, anthropomorphic, and attitudinal characteristics Continuous evaluations to determine ease of learning and ease of use: observe, record analyze the users’ reactions and performance to scenarios, manuals, simulations, and prototypes Iterative design: when problems are found in user testing, fix them and carry out more tests CS 320 February 28, 2011

Interaction Design Process: User Centered Design 9 UCD projects generally involve the following methods: User participation (Chapter 4) Focus groups (Chapter 4) Questionnaires (Chapter 4) Ethnographic observations (Chapter 4) Walkthroughs (Chapter 5) Expert evaluations (Chapter 5) Usability testing (Chapter 8) CS 320 February 28, 2011

Interaction Design Process: Models 10 Many design models exist, with various mixtures of software engineering (SE) and HCI techniques [Rogers et al, 2007] [Heim 2007] Waterfall model (basic Software Engineering model) Spiral model Basic HCI model Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM) Prototype-based models Discount Usability Engineering (DUE) method Contextual inquiry We discuss next the basic SE (waterfall), the basic HCI model, and DUE CS 320 February 28, 2011

Interaction Design Process: Waterfall Model 11 Traditional SE model (waterfall) Emphasis is on systematic, step-wise development CS 320 February 28, 2011

Interaction Design Process: Waterfall Model 12 The waterfall model is the classical, linear, sequential engineering development model It has clear cut phases, each of which must be completed before the next phase can begin Introduced by Winston Royce in 1970 based on his experience with developing software for “spacecraft mission planning, commanding and post-flight analysis” Waterfall assumes that requirements are fixed Not a user-centered model CS 320 February 28, 2011

Interaction Design Process: Waterfall Model 13 Advantages of the waterfall model: Highly disciplined process of documentation Easily observable development progress Easy to create budget Consistent review process Disadvantages of the waterfall model: Document centric; can be difficult for the customer to understand the process Specialized development teams may wait on each other Rigid, rather slow, doesn’t cope well with changing requirements CS 320 February 28, 2011

Interaction Design Process: Basic HCI Model 14 Typical HCI model [Rogers et al, 2007]. Note that emphasis is on iteration, evaluation, and alternative versions. CS 320 February 28, 2011

Interaction Design Process: DUE Model 15 Nielsen (1994) argued that the benefits derived from even small amounts of user testing would have a significant impact on the usability of the design He proposed Discount Usability Engineering (DUE), which is based on the following three techniques: Scenarios Thinking aloud Heuristic evaluation CS 320 February 28, 2011

Interaction Design Process: DUE Model 16 Nielsen suggested that the number of problems P that could be identified from a usability test with n users can be calculated according to the following equation: P = N [1 -(1 -L)n] where: N = total number of usability problems in a design L = proportion of usability problems discovered with a single participant n = number of users CS 320 February 28, 2011

Interaction Design Process: DDE Framework 17 General DDE Framework [Heim 2007] CS 320 February 28, 2011

Interaction Design Process: Discovery 18 General DDE Framework [Heim 2007] - Discovery CS 320 February 28, 2011

2 Midterm exam #1 19 v MONDAY MARCH 21 AT 2: 30 PM v CHAPTERS REQUIRED: v. Chapter 1 – Interaction Paradigms v. Chapter 2 – Interaction Frameworks and Styles v. Chapter 3 – Interaction Design Process v. Chapter 4 – Discovery v MORE DETAILS WILL BE PROVIDED ON WEDNESDAY CS 320 February 28, 2011

3 Project Part 1: Concept 20 v DUE THURSDAY MARCH 10, AT 8: 00 PM v NEED TO FINALIZE TEAMS OF TWO STUDENTS v CONTENTS: v. Abstract v. Description CS 320 v. Project Resources February 28, 2011

Video Selection Mobile computing [Mozilla Seabird] (Nathan) Direct manipulation [Future user interface][Library carousel] Virtual reality / 3 D Environments [CAVE 1993] [Museum 1] [Therapy][Museum 2] [Challenges of HCI] (Parth) Zoomable interfaces [Raskin] [Pad++] [NUI] [Google spreadsheets] Natural language interaction [Siri] [Articulate] CS 320 February 28, 2011