CEE 320 Spring 2007 Pavement Design CEE 320

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CEE 320 Spring 2007 Pavement Design CEE 320 Anne Goodchild

CEE 320 Spring 2007 Pavement Design CEE 320 Anne Goodchild

Dictionary. com • Pavement: Noun – – a paved road, highway, etc. a paved

Dictionary. com • Pavement: Noun – – a paved road, highway, etc. a paved surface, ground covering, or floor. material used for paving Sidewalk • Pave: Verb CEE 320 Spring 2007 – to cover or lay (a road, walk, etc. ) with concrete, stones, bricks, tiles, wood, or the like, so as to make a firm, level surface. – noun 2. Southern Louisiana. a paved road

What is Pavement: Wikipedia • • CEE 320 Spring 2007 • • Pavement (material),

What is Pavement: Wikipedia • • CEE 320 Spring 2007 • • Pavement (material), the durable surfacing of roads and walkways ("road surface" in British English) Sidewalk, a walkway along the side of a road, in American English ("pavement" in British English and Philadelphia dialect) Pavement (architecture), a floor-like stone or tile structure Pavement (band), an indie rock band from Stockton, California Pavement (magazine), a youth culture magazine, published in New Zealand Pavement Records, a record label Portuguese pavement, the traditional paving used in most pedestrian areas in Portugal ("Calçada Portuguesa" in Portuguese) Road surface marking, highway surface markings intended to convey information Limestone pavement, a naturally occurring level outcrop Tessellated pavement, a rare sedimentary rock formation that occurs on some ocean shores

Outline 1. 2. 3. 4. Pavement Purpose Pavement Significance Pavement Condition Pavement Types a.

Outline 1. 2. 3. 4. Pavement Purpose Pavement Significance Pavement Condition Pavement Types a. Flexible b. Rigid CEE 320 Spring 2007 5. Pavement Design 6. Example

Pavement Purpose • • CEE 320 Spring 2007 Load support Smoothness Drainage All weather

Pavement Purpose • • CEE 320 Spring 2007 Load support Smoothness Drainage All weather operation • Direction and guidance DC to Richmond Road in 1919 – from the Asphalt Institute

Pavement Significance • How much pavement? – – 4 million centerline miles in U.

Pavement Significance • How much pavement? – – 4 million centerline miles in U. S. 2. 5 million miles (63%) are paved 8. 37 million lane-miles total Largest single use of HMA and PCC • Costs CEE 320 Spring 2007 – $20 to $30 billion spent annually on pavements – Over $100 million spent annually in WA – Many states over billion dollar budgets

CEE 320 Spring 2007 Interstate Highway System

CEE 320 Spring 2007 Interstate Highway System

Interstate Highway System CEE 320 Spring 2007 • • • Largest highway system in

Interstate Highway System CEE 320 Spring 2007 • • • Largest highway system in the world Largest public works project in history Started construction in 1956 90% federal, 10% state funding Owned built and operated by states Construction and maintenance costs primarily provided by fuel tax

Resources CEE 320 Spring 2007 • Pavement Interactive • State DOTs • AASHTO

Resources CEE 320 Spring 2007 • Pavement Interactive • State DOTs • AASHTO

Pavement Design Procedures • • Asphalt Institute method National Stone Association procedure Shell procedure

Pavement Design Procedures • • Asphalt Institute method National Stone Association procedure Shell procedure AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures – American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials CEE 320 Spring 2007 – First published in 1972

What makes it difficult • Construction process control • Material variations • Exposed environment

What makes it difficult • Construction process control • Material variations • Exposed environment – Temperature and weather variability CEE 320 Spring 2007 • Transportation of materials • Cost of materials • Unkown traffic loads

Pavement Types • Flexible pavements – Asphalt • Rigid pavements CEE 320 Spring 2007

Pavement Types • Flexible pavements – Asphalt • Rigid pavements CEE 320 Spring 2007 – Concrete

Pavement Types CEE 320 Spring 2007 • Want to distribute the load to avoid

Pavement Types CEE 320 Spring 2007 • Want to distribute the load to avoid permanent deformation

Vehicle loads • Typical vehicle weighs about 3500 lb, tire pressures around 35 lb/in

Vehicle loads • Typical vehicle weighs about 3500 lb, tire pressures around 35 lb/in 2 • Truck can weigh up to 80, 000 lb with tire pressure of 100 lb/in 2 CEE 320 Spring 2007 • Trucks and busses present a much more significant load on the pavement.

Vehicle Volume CEE 320 Spring 2007 • Pavements have a design life, and fail

Vehicle Volume CEE 320 Spring 2007 • Pavements have a design life, and fail after cumulative vehicle exposure. • Volume of vehicles and prediction of vehicle volume is fundamental to pavement design.

CEE 320 Spring 2007 Pavement Condition

CEE 320 Spring 2007 Pavement Condition

CEE 320 Spring 2007 Pavement Condition

CEE 320 Spring 2007 Pavement Condition

CEE 320 Spring 2007 Pavement Condition

CEE 320 Spring 2007 Pavement Condition

Pavement Condition CEE 320 Spring 2007 • Defined by users (drivers) • Develop methods

Pavement Condition CEE 320 Spring 2007 • Defined by users (drivers) • Develop methods to relate physical attributes to driver ratings • Result is usually a numerical scale

Serviceability Concept • Pavements degrade over time due to – Exposure to traffic –

Serviceability Concept • Pavements degrade over time due to – Exposure to traffic – Time – Exposure to elements CEE 320 Spring 2007 • Different for different materials and different construction methods

CEE 320 Spring 2007 What pavement thickness is required to sustain X vehicle loads

CEE 320 Spring 2007 What pavement thickness is required to sustain X vehicle loads of Y weight?

Pavement Types • Flexible Pavement – Hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements – Called "flexible"

Pavement Types • Flexible Pavement – Hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements – Called "flexible" since the total pavement structure bends (or flexes) to accommodate traffic loads – About 82. 2% of paved U. S. roads use flexible pavement • Rigid Pavement CEE 320 Spring 2007 – Portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements – Called “rigid” since PCC’s high modulus of elasticity does not allow them to flex appreciably – About 6. 5% of paved U. S. roads use rigid pavement

CEE 320 Spring 2007 Flexible Pavement Base: higher strength material than subbase, often a

CEE 320 Spring 2007 Flexible Pavement Base: higher strength material than subbase, often a cementing material is used. Cementing material can be portland cement or asphaltic cement, or other material.

Flexible Pavement • Structure CEE 320 Spring 2007 – Surface course (waterproof, anti-skid) –

Flexible Pavement • Structure CEE 320 Spring 2007 – Surface course (waterproof, anti-skid) – Base course – Subbase course – Subgrade

Types of Flexible Pavement CEE 320 Spring 2007 Dense-graded Open-graded Gap-graded

Types of Flexible Pavement CEE 320 Spring 2007 Dense-graded Open-graded Gap-graded

CEE 320 Spring 2007 Rigid Pavement

CEE 320 Spring 2007 Rigid Pavement

Rigid Pavement • Structure CEE 320 Spring 2007 – – Surface course Base course

Rigid Pavement • Structure CEE 320 Spring 2007 – – Surface course Base course Subbase course Subgrade

Types of Rigid Pavement CEE 320 Spring 2007 • Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement (JPCP)

Types of Rigid Pavement CEE 320 Spring 2007 • Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement (JPCP) Joints accommodate shrinkage during drying.

Types of Rigid Pavement CEE 320 Spring 2007 • Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement (CRCP)

Types of Rigid Pavement CEE 320 Spring 2007 • Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement (CRCP) Photo from the Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute