CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS The Necessity of Classifying TAXONOMY

CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS The Necessity of Classifying

TAXONOMY § also called “systematics” § the science of classifying organisms into groups

CLASSIFY to assign an organism to a particular classification group IDENTIFY to determine the group in which an organism belongs

THE HISTORY OF CLASSIFICATION

ARISTOTLE § based his groupings on observable characteristics artificial classification system § two major groups each with three subgroups § used for almost 2, 000 years

CAROLUS LINNAEUS § created a classification system in the mid-1700 s § based his system on observable characteristics § made a more developed system that is also more flexible

HIERARCHY OF THE CLASSIFICATION YSTEM Start with. Sthe broadest group or classification and work down to the most specific category.

kingdom phylum class order family genus species

domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species

The organisms in the kingdom Fungi were originally in the kingdom Plantae. Kingdom Animalia contains heterotrophic, eukaryotic, multicellular organisms.

CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM § Each group can be divided into several groups on the next level. § Each group has characteristics that all levels under the group possess. § Each level can be subdivided before reaching the next level.

Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

APPENDIX B

KINGDOMS EUBACTERIA & ARCHAEBACTERIA § prokaryotic § differ in the composition of their cell walls

KINGDOM PROTISTA § algae & protozoans • autotrophic and heterotrophic • mobile and stationary • unicellular and colonial § eukaryotic cells that aren’t animals, plants, or fungi

KINGDOM FUNGI § eukaryotic § all heterotrophic • unicellular and colonial

KINGDOM PLANTAE § eukaryotic § all multicellular with true tissues § most autotrophic

KINGDOM ANIMALIA § eukaryotic § all multicellular with true tissues § all heterotrophic

A mushroom is colonial because a. its cells lack true nuclei. b. it lacks true tissues. c. it is heterotrophic. d. it is stationary.

A cell with a Golgi body a. is prokaryotic. b. is eukaryotic. c. may be either prokaryotic or eukaryotic.

A brown protist is most likely autotrophic. a. true b. false

SCIENTIFIC NAMES

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE system of naming organisms in which each organism is given a genus and species name

USING SCIENTIFIC NAMES § example: Canis familiaris • “Canis” (capitalized) • “familiaris” (not capitalized) § both words italicized or underlined

WHY LATIN? § dead language § known by scholars § highly descriptive