Taxonomy The science of naming and classifying organisms

Taxonomy The science of naming and classifying organisms

Taxonomy cont… ? • Carolus Linnaeus = Swedish biologist who developed a system for naming and classifying organisms in the 1750’s. • Linnaeus developed binomial nomenclature, which is a two word system for naming organisms. Can you think of any examples of things having 2 names?

Importance of Scientific Names • The scientific name of an organism gives biologists a common way of communicating, regardless of their native language. • One species may have many common names, and one common name may be used for more than one species.

Scientific Names • Rules: – The first name is always the genus – The second name is always the species. – The first letter of the genus is always capitalized – The first letter of the species is always lower case. – Italicized or underlined. – Written in Latin. – Homo sapiens People

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? How does this picture illustrate binomial nomenclature?

Classification Scheme Domain—all organisms Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species—one type of organism

Classification Scheme Domain—all organisms Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species—one type of organism

Classification Scheme Domain Does Kingdom Phylum How do I Class remember this? Order Family Genus Species Katy Perry Call Out For Great selfies

? Which level is most specific?

Humans Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Animalia Chordate Mammalia Primates Homidae Homo sapien

Bonobo Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Animalia Chordate Mammalia Primates Pongidae Pan paniscus

House Cat Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Animalia Chordate Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Felis domesticus

Lion Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordate Class Mammalia Order Carnivora Family Felidae Genus Panthera (Felis) Species leo

Housefly Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Animalia Arthropoda Insect Diptera Muscidae Musca domestica

Scientific Name Felis pardalis Panthera onca Felis yaguarondi Lynx rufus Common Name Ocelot Jaguarundi Bobcat According to the chart, the 2 cats that are most closely related are the a. jaguar and the ocelot c. jaguarundi and bobcat b. jaguar and the bobcat d. ocelot and jaguarundi

? Which of the following are most closely related to one another? a. Order D and order E c. Genus I and Genus J b. Order U and Order V d. Family W and Family X

Dichotomous Key • Method used for classifying an unknown organisms • Contains pairs of contrasting descriptions • After each description, the user will be directed to another pair of descriptions • The organism will be identified by the contrasting descriptions

? Identify each of the following organisms: • 1. a. wings covered by an exoskeleton …………. go to step 2 – b. wings not covered by an exoskeleton ……. . go to step 3 • 2. a. body has a round shape ……………ladybug – b. body has an elongated shape ……………. . grasshopper • 3. a. wings point out from the side of the body ……. dragonfly – b. wings point to the back of the body ……………housefly

? 1 a 1 b 2 a 2 b 3 a Has vertebrae Has no vertebrae Has 3 or more body segments Has 2 or fewer body segments Has 1 or more pairs of walking legs per segment 3 b 4 a 4 b Has 3 pairs of walking legs Has antenna Has no antenna Phylum Chordata Go to 2 Go to 3 Go to 4 Class Chilopoda or Diplopoda Class Insecta Class Crustacea Class Arachnida According to the information in the dichotomous key, Organism A is most likely classified in Class – a. Diplopoda c. Crustacea b. Insecta d. Arachnida ? What about B? ? How is it classified?