Classification Grouping organisms based on similarities Taxonomy Taxonomy

Classification Grouping organisms based on similarities

Taxonomy - Taxonomy is the branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on similar characteristics.

Early Taxonomy - Aristotle- (384 -322 BC) - Grouped plants by size and animals by where they live. - Not very affective Animals Plants Air –fly, bird, bat Herbs-sage, tea, pepper Water-seal, fish, frog Shrubs- grass, rose bush Land- dog, lizard, cat Trees- oak, pine, maple

Linnaeus’s System -Linnaeus (1707 -1778) – grouped organisms based on structural similarities. Ex. Mammals have fur and reptiles have scales

Taxonomic Rankings -From larger groups to smaller groups Kingdom King Phylum Phillip Class Came Order Over Family For Genius Good Species Spaghetti

Binomial Nomenclature -used to name organisms -first word is genus (capital) -second word is species (lower case) - Italicized when typed and underlined written. Ex. Homo sapiens = humans Homo= genus sapiens= species

Phylogenetic Trees and Cladograms • Branching diagrams that shows the evolutionary history of organisms based on derived traits

Cladogram

Dichotomous Keys -dichotomous keys characterize organisms by splitting them into groups based on characteristics. Used to identify unknown organisms.

1. Has feathers 2. Swims 3. Has Legs 4. Duck 5. Hen 6. Lizard 7. Snake yes go to 2 no go to 3 yes go to 4 no go to 5 yes go to 6 no go to 7