CHAPTER 25 THE SPINE THE SPINE ATLAS AND

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CHAPTER 25: THE SPINE

CHAPTER 25: THE SPINE

THE SPINE

THE SPINE

ATLAS AND AXIS C 1 IS THE ATLAS C 2 IS THE AXIS RESPONSIBLE

ATLAS AND AXIS C 1 IS THE ATLAS C 2 IS THE AXIS RESPONSIBLE FOR MOVEMENT OF THE HEAD

CERVICAL SPINE C 1 -C 8

CERVICAL SPINE C 1 -C 8

CERVICAL SPINE • RESPONSIBLE FOR SENSATION IN THE NECK, ARM, HAND FINGERS • SUPPORTS

CERVICAL SPINE • RESPONSIBLE FOR SENSATION IN THE NECK, ARM, HAND FINGERS • SUPPORTS HEAD AND NECK • C 1 AND C 2 ARE THE ATLAS AND AXIS • C 3 -C 8: NECK, SHOULDER, ARM AND HAND

THORCIC SPINE T 1 -T 12

THORCIC SPINE T 1 -T 12

THORCIC SPINE CONSISTS OF 12 VERTEBRAE FOUND CHEST HIGH T 1 -T 10 ARTICULATE

THORCIC SPINE CONSISTS OF 12 VERTEBRAE FOUND CHEST HIGH T 1 -T 10 ARTICULATE WITH RIBS LONGER TRANSVERSE PROCESS THEN CERVICAL VERT • THICKER BODY • •

LUMBAR SPINE L 1 -L 5

LUMBAR SPINE L 1 -L 5

LUMBAR SPINE • COMPOSED OF 5 VERTEBRAE • THICKEST OF THE VERTEBRAE • MUCH

LUMBAR SPINE • COMPOSED OF 5 VERTEBRAE • THICKEST OF THE VERTEBRAE • MUCH LESS FLEXION AND EXTENSION IN THE LUMBAR VERT.

SACRUM S 1 -S 5

SACRUM S 1 -S 5

SACRUM • FUSED TOGETHER • WITH THE HIP BONES THEY MAKE UP THE PELVIS

SACRUM • FUSED TOGETHER • WITH THE HIP BONES THEY MAKE UP THE PELVIS • THE ILIUM AND THE SACRUM MAKE UP THE SACROILIAC JOINT (SI)

COCCYX C 1 -C 5 • KNOWN AS THE TAILBONE • 4 FUSED BONES

COCCYX C 1 -C 5 • KNOWN AS THE TAILBONE • 4 FUSED BONES • GLUTEUS MAX ATTACHES TO IT

CURVES OF THE SPINE • • • THERE ARE 4 CURVES: CERVICAL CURVE THORACIC

CURVES OF THE SPINE • • • THERE ARE 4 CURVES: CERVICAL CURVE THORACIC CURVE LUMBAR CURVE PELVIC CURVE

INTERVERTRAL DISKS FOUND BETWEEN EACH VERT. MADE OF FIBROCARTILAGINOUS MATERIAL USED TO CUSHION VERT

INTERVERTRAL DISKS FOUND BETWEEN EACH VERT. MADE OF FIBROCARTILAGINOUS MATERIAL USED TO CUSHION VERT AND SPINAL CORD WITHOUT SUFFICIENT NUTRIENTS FROM BLOOD, DISC BECOMES DEPLETED OF WATER AND BEGINS TO DIE • DROP IN WATER CONTENT IS CLASSIC SIGN OF DISK AGING • •

INTERVERTEBRAL DISKS

INTERVERTEBRAL DISKS

MUSCLES OF THE SPINE

MUSCLES OF THE SPINE

SPINAL CORD

SPINAL CORD

CRANIAL NERVES

CRANIAL NERVES

HOPS • HISTORY: What, where, how. . • OBSERVATION: swelling, posture, head position, walking.

HOPS • HISTORY: What, where, how. . • OBSERVATION: swelling, posture, head position, walking.

HOPS • PALPATION: • Feel alignment of vert. , and any boney prominences. Hip,

HOPS • PALPATION: • Feel alignment of vert. , and any boney prominences. Hip, pelvis etc. • SPECIAL TESTS: • ROM, BRACIAL PLEXUS TEST, KERNIG’S TEST, BRUDZINSKI’S TEST, MILGRAM TEST, HOOVER TEST, BOWSTRING TEST, FABER TEST AND MANY OTHERS

DERMATOMAL PATTERNS OF SENSATION

DERMATOMAL PATTERNS OF SENSATION

DERMATOMES

DERMATOMES

INJURIES • CERVICAL SPINE CONDITIONS: - Cervical fractures - Cervical dislocations - Acute strains

INJURIES • CERVICAL SPINE CONDITIONS: - Cervical fractures - Cervical dislocations - Acute strains - Whiplash - Wryneck (acute torticollis) - Cervical stenosis - Bracial plexus neurapraxia (burner) - Cervical disk injuries

CERVICAL FRACTURES

CERVICAL FRACTURES

CERVICAL DISLOCATIONS

CERVICAL DISLOCATIONS

WHIPLASH

WHIPLASH

ACUTE TORTICOLLIS (WRYNECK)

ACUTE TORTICOLLIS (WRYNECK)

CERVICAL STENOSIS

CERVICAL STENOSIS

BRACHIAL PLEXUS NEURAPRAXIA

BRACHIAL PLEXUS NEURAPRAXIA

CERVICAL DISK INJURIES

CERVICAL DISK INJURIES

THORCIC INJURIES: SCHEUERMANN’S DISEASE

THORCIC INJURIES: SCHEUERMANN’S DISEASE

LUMBAR INJURIES AND CONDITIONS • • Lower back pain Lumbar vert fracture and dislocations

LUMBAR INJURIES AND CONDITIONS • • Lower back pain Lumbar vert fracture and dislocations Lower back strains Back contusions Sciatica Herniated lumbar disks Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis

LOWER BACK PAIN

LOWER BACK PAIN

LUMBAR FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS

LUMBAR FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS

LOWER BACK STRAINS

LOWER BACK STRAINS

BACK CONTUSIONS

BACK CONTUSIONS

SCIATICA

SCIATICA

HERNIATED LUMBAR DISK

HERNIATED LUMBAR DISK

SPONDYLOLYSIS AND SPONDYLOLISTHESIS

SPONDYLOLYSIS AND SPONDYLOLISTHESIS

GRADES OF SPOND.

GRADES OF SPOND.

SACROILIAC DISFUNCTION

SACROILIAC DISFUNCTION

COCCYX INJURIES

COCCYX INJURIES

OTHER CONDITIONS OF THE SPINE

OTHER CONDITIONS OF THE SPINE

MORE CONDITIONS

MORE CONDITIONS

REHAB FOR NECK

REHAB FOR NECK

REHAB FOR LOWER BACK

REHAB FOR LOWER BACK

PROGRESSION BACK TO PARTICIPATION

PROGRESSION BACK TO PARTICIPATION